Pieniężno
| Pieniężno | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Braniewski | ||
| Area : | 3.83 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 13 ′ N , 20 ° 7 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 2721 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 14-520 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 55 | ||
| License plate : | NBR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 507 : Orneta ↔ Braniewo | ||
| Ext. 510 : Głębock - Pieniężno | |||
| Ext. 512 : Szczurkowo - Bartoszyce - Górowo Iławeckie - Pieniężno | |||
| Rail route : | PKP line 221: Braniewo ↔ Orneta - Dobre Miasto - Olsztyn-Gutkowo | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 38 localities | ||
| 24 school offices | |||
| Surface: | 241.43 km² | ||
| Residents: | 6208 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 26 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2802053 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Kazimierz Kiejdo | ||
| Address: | ul.Generalska 8 14-520 Pieniężno |
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| Website : | www.pieniezno.pl | ||
Pieniężno [ pʲeˈɲɛ̃ʒnɔ ] ( German Mehlsack , 1945 to 1947 Melzak ) is a town with about 2700 inhabitants in the powiat Braniewski of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland .
Geographical location
The city is located in the historical region of East Prussia on the Wałsza (Walsch) , about 30 kilometers southeast of Braniewo (Braunsberg) and 55 kilometers southwest of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) .
history
The city was built in 1326 in the Prussian Warmia west of Heilsberg . Its founder and first mayor was Dieterich von Lichtenfelde. The city coat of arms shows u. a. three sacks of flour. The name Mehlsack is a mutilation of the original Prussian place name. Originally the city was a Prussian settlement , which was probably created in the 13th century under the name Malcekuke (Prussian for "wood of the underground"). The name Malzak was mentioned in a document dated April 7, 1282, and Melzak on May 5, 1304 .
The exact date of the granting of city rights is unknown, but the place already had these rights in 1312.
Nicolaus Copernicus worked for several years as the administrator of the districts of Allenstein and Mehlsack.
At the beginning of the 20th century Mehlsack had a Protestant church, two Catholic churches, a synagogue , a district court, an old castle, grinding and cutting mills, an iron foundry, mechanical engineering, brickworks and flax cultivation .
In 1945 Mehlsack belonged to the district Braunsberg in Administrative district Königsberg the province of East Prussia of the German Reich .
Towards the end of the Second World War , 90% of the city was destroyed in March 1945 when it was captured by the Red Army in the Battle of Heiligenbeil . Army General Ivan Chernyakhovsky , commander of the 3rd Belarusian Front , was also killed in the fighting .
A few weeks later, the Red Army placed Mehlsack under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . Melzak lost its town charter . Residents were in the aftermath of flour sack sold and migrant Poland replaced. The namesake of the renaming in "Pieniężno" was 1947 Seweryn Pieniężny (1890-1940), who died in the Hohenbruch concentration camp . He was an editor of Gazeta Olsztyńska , the newspaper of the Polish-speaking minority in Warmia, which was banned at the beginning of World War II. In 1973 the village received city rights.
The place could hardly develop any more during the post-war years. The old town remained fallow until the 1990s, only dominated by the Catholic church that had been preserved. The ruins of the town hall, the remains of the former castle, the tower of the Protestant church built according to a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel , the foundations of numerous houses and the grid-shaped road network have also been preserved. Since then, extensive reconstruction has been carried out on the layout of the old town. The most important buildings will be reconstructed, the other streets will be rebuilt on the scale of the old buildings.
Ordensburg flour sack
The castle of the Teutonic Order has been preserved in a ruinous condition.
Ruins of the Ordensburg, castle of the Prince-Bishops of Warmia
Detail of the castle
Detail of the castle
.jpg)
Population development
- until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | over 2000 | without the garrison (two companies of infantry ) |
| 1802 | 2144 | |
| 1810 | 1920 | |
| 1816 | 2207 | 184 Protestants, 1,980 Catholics and 41 Jews |
| 1821 | 2448 | |
| 1831 | 2617 | |
| 1858 | 3243 | 197 Protestants, 2,954 Catholics and 92 Jews |
| 1864 | 3665 | on December 3rd |
| 1875 | 3694 | |
| 1880 | 3760 | |
| 1890 | 3937 | including 346 Evangelicals and 70 Jews |
| 1905 | 4025 | mostly Catholics |
| 1910 | 3913 | |
| 1933 | 4555 | |
| 1939 | 4384 |
- since 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 3299 | |
| 2005 | 3071 |
- Bar chart of the population to date
Twin cities
A town partnership with the Westphalian city of Lichtenau has existed since October 14, 1996 .
Gmina
The urban and rural municipality Pieniężno consists of the following localities:
| Polish name |
German name (until 1945) |
Polish name |
German name (until 1945) |
Polish name |
German name (until 1945) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Białczyn | Lilienthal | Kierpajny Wielkie | Big bodies | Pieniężno | Flour sack |
| Bornity | Borrowedness | Kiersiny | Kierschienen | Pieniężno Drugie | |
| Borowiec | Borwalde | Colonia | Pieniężno Pierwsze | ||
| Brzostki | Freihagen | Kowale | Schönsee | Piotrowiec | Peterswalde |
| Cieszęta | Sonnenfeld | Łajsy | Layß | Pluty | Chatting |
| Gajle | Gayl | Lechowo | Lichtenau | Posady | Columns |
| Gaudyny | Gauden | Łoźnik | Lotterfeld | Radziejewo | Sun forest |
| Glądy | Glanden | Lubianka | Liebenthal | Różaniec | Rosengarth |
| Glebiska | Kleefeld | Niedbałki | Lotterbach | Sawity | Engelswalde |
| Jesionowo | Eschenau | Pajtuny | Peythuns | Wojnity | Woynitt |
| Jeziorko | Seefeld | Pakosze | Packhausen | Wopy | Wop |
| Kajnity | Heister | Pawły | Paulen | Wyrębiska | Lichtwalde |
| Kierpajny Małe | Small bodies | Pełty | Ibexes | Żugienie | Sugnien |
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Karl Selke (1836–1893), Lord Mayor of Elbing and Königsberg
- Walter von Pannwitz (1856–1920), lawyer, mayor and art collector
- Victor Röhrich (1862–1925), historian, university professor and politician
- Georg Matern (1870–1938), Catholic clergyman and local researcher
- Johannes Muntau (1876–1963), judicial officer (prison director) and politician (CSVD)
- Otto Miller (1879-1958), Cath. Pastor, writer, poet, philosopher and cultural and literary historian
- Wilhelm Rothhaupt (1888–1956), writer and colonial politician
- Georg Fuhg (1898–1976), sculptor
- Ulrich Fox (* 1944), sculptor and graphic artist
People connected to the city
- Karl Emil Gebauer (1806–1888), regional historian of Samland, was pastor in Mehlsack until 1835
- Ivan Danilowitsch Tschernjachowski (1906–1945), Soviet general, fell into a sack of flour in 1945
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 21, point 3).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 468–469, no. 83.
- Chronicle of the city of Mehlsack. Compiled from reports Mehlsacker Bürger . Rautenberg, Leer 1955 ( digitized version )
Web links
- City of Mehlsack (Rolf Jehke, 2012)
- Farmers, business people and artisans resident in Mehlsack around 1930/32
- Website of the Pieniężno Municipality (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the city, Burmistrz - Podstawowe dane , accessed on February 17, 2015
- ↑ a b Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Third volume: The time from peace in 1249 to the subjugation of Prussians in 1283 . Königsberg 1828, p. 489.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 13, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 548
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 21, point 3).
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 330–331, item 429.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 468–469, no. 83.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 34, paragraph 109 ..
- ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative district : Berlin 1966, Braunsberg district, p. 10, item 92.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. braunsberg.html # ew33brbgmehlsack. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de , accessed on March 2, 2008
- ↑ a b Główny Urząd Statystyczny ( Memento of the original of March 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , each June 30th; Retrieved March 2, 2008.
