Olsztyn district
coat of arms | Germany map |
---|---|
Basic data (as of 1945) | |
founded: | 1818 |
dissolved: | 1945 |
Country : |
Prussia (Germany until 1945) |
Province : | East Prussia |
Administrative region : | Allenstein |
Administrative headquarters : | Allenstein |
Surface: | 1302.58 km² |
Residents : | 57,150 (May 17, 1939) |
Population density : | 43.9 inhabitants per km² |
License plate : | IC 1953 planned: AT |
Circle structure: | 131 municipalities 1 manor district in 34 administrative districts |
Location of the circle | |
The Allenstein district was a district of the Prussian province of East Prussia , which existed from 1818 to 1945.
geography
The Olsztyn district comprised southwestern Warmia and bordered Masuria to the south and west .
A predominantly Catholic population (92.3%) lived in the district of Allenstein. The proportion of the Polish-speaking population was 57% in 1910. Most of the residents (63.7%) worked in agriculture.
history
With the Prussian administrative reforms , the formerly Ermland chamber offices of Allenstein and Wartenburg became the district of Allenstein in the administrative district of Königsberg in the province of East Prussia with effect from February 1, 1818 .
This included the parishes: Allenstein , Alt Wartenburg, Braunswalde , Dietrichswalde , Diwitten, Grieslienen, Groß BANY, Groß Kleeberg, Groß Purden , Groß Ramsau, Jonkendorf, Klaukendorf, Lemkendorf, Neu Kokendorf, Schönberg , Schönbruck, Süßenthal, Wartenburg , Wutrienen.
Since December 3, 1829, after the merger of the provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia , the district belonged to the new Province of Prussia with its seat in Königsberg (Prussia) .
After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Allenstein district became a part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878. With effect from November 1, 1905, the Allenstein district was assigned to the newly formed Allenstein district.
On April 1, 1910, the Allenstein district was formed from the Allenstein municipality, previously the Allenstein district. The district became a district .
On May 1, 1919 the manor district of Allenstein, Schloßfreiheit from the district of Allenstein was incorporated into the city district of Allenstein.
In 1920, the Olsztyn district belonged to the Olsztyn voting area, the residents of which were supposed to vote on which area they belonged to according to the provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty . 13.47% of the district's voters decided to unite with Poland and 86.53% to stay with East Prussia.
On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Allenstein district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.
In the spring of 1945 the Red Army occupied the district area and in the summer of 1945 placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . This drove out its German residents in the following period. About seven percent of the inhabitants, who they classified as “ autochthonous Poles ”, were allowed to remain in the area of the district. Most of the previous district residents came to Mecklenburg and Schleswig-Holstein .
District administrators
- 1818: from Pastau
- 1824: from garlic
- 1831: Surkov
- 1832: from Tucholka
- 1841: Moritz von Lavergne-Peguilhen (1801–1870) ( acting )
- 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Martens
- 1861: Otto Gisevius (1821–1871)
- 1872: Ernst von den Brincken (1835–1895)
- 1878: Kleemann
- 1899: Felix Krahmer
- 1907: Walter Pauly (1871–1959)
- 1915: von Stubenrauch
- 1915: from Baumbach
- 1917: Friedrich Otto Dilthey
- 1919: Georg Graf von Brühl
- 1926: John Menger
- 1935: Geßner
- 1938: Franke
- 1939: Heinrich von Bünau (1906–1992)
Local constitution
The district of Allenstein was initially divided into town communities, rural communities and - until their almost complete elimination - in independent manor districts .
With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipality of Wartenburg i. Ostpr. was now called the city .
With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .
A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .
cities and communes
Administrative structure 1945
The district of Allenstein was composed of 131 communities on January 1, 1945, including the city of Wartenburg i.Ostpr. and an estate district (Ramucker Heide, Forsten) together:
Districts & municipalities | Population (1939) | comment |
City of Wartenburg i. Ostpr. | ||
1. Reuschhagen | 679 | |
2. Wartenburg i. Ostpr., City | 5,843 | |
Bartelsdorf district | ||
1. Great Bartelsdorf | 443 | |
2. Cherry tree | 248 | |
3. Leschnau | 225 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Groß Leschno |
4. New Märtinsdorf | 253 | Renamed December 24th, 1939, formerly Neu Mertinsdorf |
Braunswalde district | ||
1. Braunswalde | 503 | |
2. Groß Buchwalde | 724 | |
3. Cainen | 152 | |
4. Spiegelberg | 569 | |
5. Wobble | 28 | |
District of Cronau | ||
1. Cronau | 803 | |
2. Kallacken | 50 | |
3. Cherry village | 250 | |
4. Prohlen | 224 | |
Dietrichswalde district | ||
1. Dietrichswalde | 941 | |
2. Leissen | 129 | |
3. Nagladden | 325 | |
4. Pen slide | 195 | |
5. Reindeer | 59 | |
6. Woritten | 570 | |
Diwitten district | ||
1. Dividing | 626 | |
2. Hochwalde | 260 | |
3. Rosenau | 690 | |
4. Rosgitten | 63 | |
Forst Lanskerofen district | ||
1. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (partially) | 0 | |
Forst Purden District | ||
1. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (partially) | 0 | |
Forst Ramuck District | ||
1. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (remainder) | 0 | |
Göttkendorf district | ||
1. Tapping | 481 | |
2. Göttkendorf | 1,079 | |
3. Likusen | 820 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Lykusen |
4. Redigkainen | 158 | |
District of Grieslienen | ||
1. Grouches | 939 | |
2. Honey forest | 265 | |
3. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (partially) | 0 | |
4. Stabigotten | 925 | |
5. Whom middle | 387 | |
Hirschberg district | ||
1st thumb | 173 | |
2. Hirschberg | 603 | |
3. Kirschlainen | 279 | |
4. Odritten | 91 | |
District Jonkendorf | ||
1. Jonkendorf | 781 | |
2. Mondtken | 543 | |
3. Polleiken | 81 | |
4. Steinberg | 404 | |
5. Wengaithen | 215 | |
Kellaren District | ||
1. Ganglau | 183 | |
2. Reuss | 870 | |
Klaukendorf district | ||
1. Large drinking house | 263 | |
2. Klaukendorf | 215 | |
3. Leinau (Leynau) | 263 | |
4. Schönwalde | 487 | |
Kleeberg district | ||
1. Great Kleeberg | 521 | |
2. Klein Kleeberg | 592 | |
3. Patricken | 426 | |
4. Quidlitz | 161 | |
District of Klein BANY | ||
1. Evaluation | 798 | |
2. Jomendorf | 904 | |
Klein Trinkhaus district | ||
1. Bruchwalde | 209 | |
2. Kalborn | 547 | Renamed July 20, 1934, formerly Kalborno |
3. Wiranden | 241 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Wyranden |
District of Kockendorf | ||
1. Alt Kockendorf | 307 | |
2. Great Gemmern | 89 | |
3. New Kockendorf | 381 | |
4. Shivering | 358 | |
5. Tolnod | 417 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Pupkeim |
District Wreath | ||
1. Barwienen | 69 | |
2. Darethen | 565 | |
3rd wreath | 99 | |
4. Mauden | 167 | |
Kudippen County | ||
1. Deuthen | 977 | |
2. Gronitten | 236 | |
3. Schillings | 74 | |
Lemkendorf district | ||
1. Old four-cylinder hats | 350 | |
2. Derz | 630 | |
3. Great Lemkendorf | 1.002 | |
4. Klein Lemkendorf | 102 | |
Lengainen County | ||
1. Bogdainen | 67 | |
2. Fittigsdorf | 375 | |
3. Chaplains | 193 | |
4. Lengainen | 731 | |
Maraunen district | ||
1. Alt Wartenburg | 830 | |
2. Marauns | 296 | |
3. Mocaine | 597 | |
4. Skaibotti | 554 | |
Nickelsdorf district | ||
1. Köslienen | 498 | |
2. Micken | 181 | |
3. Ointments | 205 | |
4. Trautzig-Nickelsdorf | 267 | |
5. Wadang | 130 | |
Plautzig district | ||
1. Lansk | 107 | |
2. Nut valley | 98 | |
3. Cute | 732 | |
4. Sombies | 153 | |
Preiwils district | ||
1. Gillau | 458 | |
2. Graskau | 93 | |
3. Klausen | 177 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Klutznick |
4. Nerwigk | 226 | |
5. Preiwils | 401 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Preylowen |
Purden County | ||
1. Alt Märtinsdorf | 344 | Renamed December 24th, 1939, formerly Alt Mertinsdorf |
2. Great Purden | 820 | |
3. Little Purden | 195 | |
4. Pathaunen | 310 | |
Ramsau district | ||
1. Debrong | 83 | |
2. Kraemersdorf | 301 | |
3. Ramsau | 837 | |
4. Schönfließ | 129 | |
5. Wieps | 850 | |
District of Schönau | ||
1. Jadden | 351 | |
2. Ottendorf | 529 | |
3. Schönau | 200 | |
4. Tollack | 757 | |
District of Schönbrück | ||
1. Adders | 268 | |
2. Schönbrück | 644 | |
3. Schönfelde | 667 | |
4. Thomsdorf | 566 | |
Schöneberg district | ||
1. Alt Schöneberg | 421 | |
2. Ballingen | 67 | |
3. Thoughts | 278 | |
4. Gottken | 230 | |
5. New Schöneberg | 139 | |
6. Stenkienen | 280 | |
7. Warkallen | 313 | |
8. Windtken | 244 | |
Süssenthal district | ||
1. Great Damerau | 385 | |
2. New four-pointed hats | 489 | |
3. Plutken | 379 | |
4. Süssenthal | 525 | |
Wuttrienen district | ||
1. Friedrichstadt | 130 | |
2. Grabenau | 627 | |
3. Herrmannsort | 356 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Neu Kaletka |
4. New Bartelsdorf | 414 | |
5. Tar forest | 347 | Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Alt Kaletka |
6. Anger lines | 730 |
Place names
In 1938 there were extensive changes to place names in the Olsztyn district. Since mostly "not German enough", these were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions, for example:
Old Kaletka: | Tar forest |
Klutznick: | Klausen |
Leynau: | Leinau |
Lykusen: | Likusen |
New Kaletka: | Herrmannsort |
Preylowen: | first: Preywils, then: Preiwils, today: Prejlowo |
Pupkeim: | Tolnod |
Wyrands: | Weand |
Some other renaming had been done before 1938:
Orzechowo: | Nuss Valley (before 1909) |
Przykopp: | Grabenau (1932) |
Kalborno: | Kalborn (1934) |
people
- Hugo Haase (1863-1919), German politician ( SPD and USPD )
- Feliks Nowowiejski (1877–1946), Polish composer
- Emil Stürtz , Upper President of the Province of Brandenburg from 1936 to 1945
- Erich Mendelsohn , architect
- Heinz Tiessen , composer
- Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski , politician ( SPD )
- Ulrich Schrade , philosopher
- Georg Sterzinsky (1936–2011), cardinal and archbishop of Berlin
- Gerd-Helmut Komossa (1924-2018), retired German major general D.
- Herbert Monkowski (* 1934), German publicist and recipient of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Georg Hermanowski (1918–1993), writer, historian, translator
- Lucas David (1503–1583), Prussian historian
- Franz Hipler (1836–1898), German historian and theologian
- Alois Bulitta (1897–1971), German economist, Slavist, school councilor, specialist book author, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Arno Bulitta (1921–1995), German physician, deputy mayor and local politician and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Franz Bulitta (1900–1974), German pastor and clergyman and episcopal commissioner
- Josef Bulitta (1908–1979), German lawyer, nonfiction and textbook author, founder of the "Action for Life" and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Ursula Fox (* 1938), economist, non-fiction author and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Ulrich Fox (1937–2012), engineer, non-fiction author, local history researcher and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
- Horst Tuguntke (* 1931), German administrative lawyer, local history researcher, publicist and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 18-19, item 13.
- Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, according to official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, pp. 29-38.
- Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative region : Berlin 1966, Allenstein district, pp. 1–43.
- Contributions to the customer of Prussia . Volume 2, Königsberg 1819, p. 493.
- Grunenberg. History and statistics of the Olsztyn district. A. Harich, Allenstein, 1864.
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 604.
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- Allenstein district administrative history and list of district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.
- Data on the city and district of Allenstein
- District community Allenstein eV
- Allenstein district in Genwiki
- City of Olsztyn
Individual evidence
- ^ Rolf Jehke territorial.de
- ^ GenWiki, Allenstein district
- ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941
- ^ Official directory of municipalities and place names of the German Eastern Territories under foreign administration, 1955