Olsztyn district

coat of arms	Germany map
Basic data (as of 1945)
founded:	1818
dissolved:	1945
Country :	Prussia (Germany until 1945)
Province :	East Prussia
Administrative region :	Allenstein
Administrative headquarters :	Allenstein
Surface:	1302.58 km²
Residents :	57,150 (May 17, 1939)
Population density :	43.9 inhabitants per km²
License plate :	IC 1953 planned: AT
Circle structure:	131 municipalities 1 manor district in 34 administrative districts
Location of the circle

The Allenstein district was a district of the Prussian province of East Prussia , which existed from 1818 to 1945.

geography

The Olsztyn district comprised southwestern Warmia and bordered Masuria to the south and west .

A predominantly Catholic population (92.3%) lived in the district of Allenstein. The proportion of the Polish-speaking population was 57% in 1910. Most of the residents (63.7%) worked in agriculture.

history

With the Prussian administrative reforms , the formerly Ermland chamber offices of Allenstein and Wartenburg became the district of Allenstein in the administrative district of Königsberg in the province of East Prussia with effect from February 1, 1818 .

This included the parishes: Allenstein , Alt Wartenburg, Braunswalde , Dietrichswalde , Diwitten, Grieslienen, Groß BANY, Groß Kleeberg, Groß Purden , Groß Ramsau, Jonkendorf, Klaukendorf, Lemkendorf, Neu Kokendorf, Schönberg , Schönbruck, Süßenthal, Wartenburg , Wutrienen.

Since December 3, 1829, after the merger of the provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia , the district belonged to the new Province of Prussia with its seat in Königsberg (Prussia) .

After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Allenstein district became a part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878. With effect from November 1, 1905, the Allenstein district was assigned to the newly formed Allenstein district.

On April 1, 1910, the Allenstein district was formed from the Allenstein municipality, previously the Allenstein district. The district became a district .

On May 1, 1919 the manor district of Allenstein, Schloßfreiheit from the district of Allenstein was incorporated into the city district of Allenstein.

In 1920, the Olsztyn district belonged to the Olsztyn voting area, the residents of which were supposed to vote on which area they belonged to according to the provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty . 13.47% of the district's voters decided to unite with Poland and 86.53% to stay with East Prussia.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Allenstein district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

In the spring of 1945 the Red Army occupied the district area and in the summer of 1945 placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . This drove out its German residents in the following period. About seven percent of the inhabitants, who they classified as “ autochthonous Poles ”, were allowed to remain in the area of ​​the district. Most of the previous district residents came to Mecklenburg and Schleswig-Holstein .

District administrators

• 1818: from Pastau
• 1824: from garlic
• 1831: Surkov
• 1832: from Tucholka
• 1841: Moritz von Lavergne-Peguilhen (1801–1870) ( acting )
• 1841: Friedrich Wilhelm Martens
• 1861: Otto Gisevius (1821–1871)
• 1872: Ernst von den Brincken (1835–1895)
• 1878: Kleemann
• 1899: Felix Krahmer
• 1907: Walter Pauly (1871–1959)
• 1915: von Stubenrauch
• 1915: from Baumbach
• 1917: Friedrich Otto Dilthey
• 1919: Georg Graf von Brühl
• 1926: John Menger
• 1935: Geßner
• 1938: Franke
• 1939: Heinrich von Bünau (1906–1992)

Local constitution

The district of Allenstein was initially divided into town communities, rural communities and - until their almost complete elimination - in independent manor districts .

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipality of Wartenburg i. Ostpr. was now called the city .

With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .

A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

cities and communes

Administrative structure 1945

The district of Allenstein was composed of 131 communities on January 1, 1945, including the city of Wartenburg i.Ostpr. and an estate district (Ramucker Heide, Forsten) together:

Districts & municipalities	Population (1939)	comment
City of Wartenburg i. Ostpr.
1. Reuschhagen	679
2. Wartenburg i. Ostpr., City	5,843
Bartelsdorf district
1. Great Bartelsdorf	443
2. Cherry tree	248
3. Leschnau	225	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Groß Leschno
4. New Märtinsdorf	253	Renamed December 24th, 1939, formerly Neu Mertinsdorf
Braunswalde district
1. Braunswalde	503
2. Groß Buchwalde	724
3. Cainen	152
4. Spiegelberg	569
5. Wobble	28
District of Cronau
1. Cronau	803
2. Kallacken	50
3. Cherry village	250
4. Prohlen	224
Dietrichswalde district
1. Dietrichswalde	941
2. Leissen	129
3. Nagladden	325
4. Pen slide	195
5. Reindeer	59
6. Woritten	570
Diwitten district
1. Dividing	626
2. Hochwalde	260
3. Rosenau	690
4. Rosgitten	63
Forst Lanskerofen district
1. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (partially)	0
Forst Purden District
1. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (partially)	0
Forst Ramuck District
1. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (remainder)	0
Göttkendorf district
1. Tapping	481
2. Göttkendorf	1,079
3. Likusen	820	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Lykusen
4. Redigkainen	158
District of Grieslienen
1. Grouches	939
2. Honey forest	265
3. Ramucker Heide, part of Kr. Allenstein, Forst, Forst (partially)	0
4. Stabigotten	925
5. Whom middle	387
Hirschberg district
1st thumb	173
2. Hirschberg	603
3. Kirschlainen	279
4. Odritten	91
District Jonkendorf
1. Jonkendorf	781
2. Mondtken	543
3. Polleiken	81
4. Steinberg	404
5. Wengaithen	215
Kellaren District
1. Ganglau	183
2. Reuss	870
Klaukendorf district
1. Large drinking house	263
2. Klaukendorf	215
3. Leinau (Leynau)	263
4. Schönwalde	487
Kleeberg district
1. Great Kleeberg	521
2. Klein Kleeberg	592
3. Patricken	426
4. Quidlitz	161
District of Klein BANY
1. Evaluation	798
2. Jomendorf	904
Klein Trinkhaus district
1. Bruchwalde	209
2. Kalborn	547	Renamed July 20, 1934, formerly Kalborno
3. Wiranden	241	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Wyranden
District of Kockendorf
1. Alt Kockendorf	307
2. Great Gemmern	89
3. New Kockendorf	381
4. Shivering	358
5. Tolnod	417	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Pupkeim
District Wreath
1. Barwienen	69
2. Darethen	565
3rd wreath	99
4. Mauden	167
Kudippen County
1. Deuthen	977
2. Gronitten	236
3. Schillings	74
Lemkendorf district
1. Old four-cylinder hats	350
2. Derz	630
3. Great Lemkendorf	1.002
4. Klein Lemkendorf	102
Lengainen County
1. Bogdainen	67
2. Fittigsdorf	375
3. Chaplains	193
4. Lengainen	731
Maraunen district
1. Alt Wartenburg	830
2. Marauns	296
3. Mocaine	597
4. Skaibotti	554
Nickelsdorf district
1. Köslienen	498
2. Micken	181
3. Ointments	205
4. Trautzig-Nickelsdorf	267
5. Wadang	130
Plautzig district
1. Lansk	107
2. Nut valley	98
3. Cute	732
4. Sombies	153
Preiwils district
1. Gillau	458
2. Graskau	93
3. Klausen	177	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Klutznick
4. Nerwigk	226
5. Preiwils	401	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Preylowen
Purden County
1. Alt Märtinsdorf	344	Renamed December 24th, 1939, formerly Alt Mertinsdorf
2. Great Purden	820
3. Little Purden	195
4. Pathaunen	310
Ramsau district
1. Debrong	83
2. Kraemersdorf	301
3. Ramsau	837
4. Schönfließ	129
5. Wieps	850
District of Schönau
1. Jadden	351
2. Ottendorf	529
3. Schönau	200
4. Tollack	757
District of Schönbrück
1. Adders	268
2. Schönbrück	644
3. Schönfelde	667
4. Thomsdorf	566
Schöneberg district
1. Alt Schöneberg	421
2. Ballingen	67
3. Thoughts	278
4. Gottken	230
5. New Schöneberg	139
6. Stenkienen	280
7. Warkallen	313
8. Windtken	244
Süssenthal district
1. Great Damerau	385
2. New four-pointed hats	489
3. Plutken	379
4. Süssenthal	525
Wuttrienen district
1. Friedrichstadt	130
2. Grabenau	627
3. Herrmannsort	356	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Neu Kaletka
4. New Bartelsdorf	414
5. Tar forest	347	Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Alt Kaletka
6. Anger lines	730

Place names

In 1938 there were extensive changes to place names in the Olsztyn district. Since mostly "not German enough", these were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions, for example:

Old Kaletka:	Tar forest
Klutznick:	Klausen
Leynau:	Leinau
Lykusen:	Likusen
New Kaletka:	Herrmannsort
Preylowen:	first: Preywils, then: Preiwils, today: Prejlowo
Pupkeim:	Tolnod
Wyrands:	Weand

Some other renaming had been done before 1938:

Orzechowo:	Nuss Valley (before 1909)
Przykopp:	Grabenau (1932)
Kalborno:	Kalborn (1934)

people

• Hugo Haase (1863-1919), German politician ( SPD and USPD )
• Feliks Nowowiejski (1877–1946), Polish composer
• Emil Stürtz , Upper President of the Province of Brandenburg from 1936 to 1945
• Erich Mendelsohn , architect
• Heinz Tiessen , composer
• Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski , politician ( SPD )
• Ulrich Schrade , philosopher
• Georg Sterzinsky (1936–2011), cardinal and archbishop of Berlin
• Gerd-Helmut Komossa (1924-2018), retired German major general D.
• Herbert Monkowski (* 1934), German publicist and recipient of the Federal Cross of Merit
• Georg Hermanowski (1918–1993), writer, historian, translator
• Lucas David (1503–1583), Prussian historian
• Franz Hipler (1836–1898), German historian and theologian
• Alois Bulitta (1897–1971), German economist, Slavist, school councilor, specialist book author, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
• Arno Bulitta (1921–1995), German physician, deputy mayor and local politician and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
• Franz Bulitta (1900–1974), German pastor and clergyman and episcopal commissioner
• Josef Bulitta (1908–1979), German lawyer, nonfiction and textbook author, founder of the "Action for Life" and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
• Ursula Fox (* 1938), economist, non-fiction author and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
• Ulrich Fox (1937–2012), engineer, non-fiction author, local history researcher and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
• Horst Tuguntke (* 1931), German administrative lawyer, local history researcher, publicist and holder of the Federal Cross of Merit

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 18-19, item 13.
• Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, according to official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, pp. 29-38.
• Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative region : Berlin 1966, Allenstein district, pp. 1–43.
• Contributions to the customer of Prussia . Volume 2, Königsberg 1819, p. 493.
• Grunenberg. History and statistics of the Olsztyn district. A. Harich, Allenstein, 1864.
• ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 604.
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Allenstein  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Allenstein district administrative history and list of district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.
• Data on the city and district of Allenstein
• District community Allenstein eV
• Allenstein district in Genwiki
• City of Olsztyn

Individual evidence

1. ^ Rolf Jehke territorial.de
2. ^ GenWiki, Allenstein district
3. ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941
4. ^ Official directory of municipalities and place names of the German Eastern Territories under foreign administration, 1955