Barczewo

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Barczewo
Barczewo coat of arms
Barczewo (Poland)
Barczewo
Barczewo
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Olsztyński
Gmina : Barczewo
Area : 4.58  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 50 '  N , 20 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 49 '48 "  N , 20 ° 41' 32"  E
Height : 139 m npm
Residents : 7513 (June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 11-010
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NOL
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Olsztyn – Korsze
Next international airport : Danzig



Barczewo [ barˈʧɛvɔ ] (until 1946 Wartembork , German  Wartenburg in East Prussia ) is a town in the powiat Olsztyński of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 17,994 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

Geographical location

The city is located in historic East Prussia on the Pissa , 15 kilometers northeast of Allenstein ( Olsztyn ).

history

town hall
St. Anne's Church from a bird's eye view
Cityscape

Around 1325 the Bishop of Warmia had a castle built in Wartenburg. During the first war against Lithuania, the first settlement Altwartenburg was destroyed in 1354. Ten years later, the place was rebuilt and received by Bishop John II. Stryprock the Chelmno city charter . The church was also rebuilt.

The Franciscan monastery right next to the city was built in 1380. When it stood empty after the Reformation, it was given to the Cistercians in 1597 . In 1810 the monastery was secularized, nationalized in 1830 and used as a penal institution since 1834. The first prisoners were arrested here in 1812. Erich Koch , the former Nazi Gauleiter of East Prussia, was imprisoned here from 1965 to 1986.

In 1594 large parts of the castle burned down; the castle was then rebuilt.

The city got a railway connection in 1872 with the establishment of the Thorn – Insterburg line . The Wartenburg station was due to the hilly surrounding area about three kilometers north in Reuschhagen. At the beginning of the 20th century, Wartenburg had a Protestant church, two Catholic churches, a synagogue , a district court and various businesses. The synagogue survived the November pogroms of 1938 undamaged.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Wartenburg belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Wartenburg, 3,020 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, while Poland had 140 votes. In the prison in Wartenburg 80 votes were cast in Germany and 20 in Poland.

Until January 1945 Wartenburg belonged to the Allenstein district of the East Prussia province .

Towards the end of the Second World War , Wartenburg was occupied by the Red Army on January 26, 1945 . At that time there were still 1700 inhabitants in the partially destroyed city. In the summer of 1945, Wartenburg was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, along with the southern half of East Prussia . Then the immigration of Polish civilians began. In the period that followed, numerous German city dwellers were expelled from Wartenburg by the local Polish administrative authorities , and other Germans later relocated.

The Polish administrative authority first introduced the place name Wartembork for Wartenburg , on December 4, 1946 this place name was then changed to Barczewo in honor of the clergyman Walenty Barczewski (1856–1928) .

Population development

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1782 1562 at 241 fireplaces (households)
1802 1804
1810 1510
1816 1706 including 106 Evangelicals, 1594 Catholics and six Jews
1821 1910
1831 2275 mostly Poland
1858 3756 of which 1195 Protestants, 2490 Catholics, three other Christians and 68 Jews
1861 3272
1871 3674 thereof 1300 Evangelicals and 70 Jews (2130 Poles )
1875 4055
1880 4499
1905 4426 562 Protestants and 62 Jews
1933 4818
1939 5841
Population since 1945
year Residents Remarks
1950 3229
2007 7336

Attractions

  • Remains of the castle
  • Parish church of St. Anne from the 14th century with the attached tower from the 15th century; the annual Feliks Nowowiejski International Choral Music Festival has also been held here since 2002 . At the time, the rectory of this church also housed the elementary school of Wartenburg, where the well-known composer Feliks Nowowiejski completed his first four years of school.
  • Evangelical church, neo-Gothic, built in 1870/71
  • 19th century synagogue
  • Feliks Nowowiejski Museum for the Polish composer, conductor and music teacher
  • St. Andrew's monastery church, Gothic, built in the 14th century as a monastery church of the Franciscan monastery , with the addition of the St. Antonius chapel, with a double tomb for Andreas Báthory , 1566–1599, nephew of the Polish king Stephan Báthory , cardinal and 1589 prince-bishop of Warmia, as well as his brother Balthasar , councilor of Transylvania. This tomb was commissioned by Andreas Bathory during his lifetime and was created in 1598 by the famous Gdansk architect and sculptor Abraham van den Blocke .
  • Remnants of the monastery are now part of the correctional facility. Gauleiter Erich Koch was imprisoned here from 1959 until his death in 1986. In the 1980s, dissidents and Solidarność members such as Władysław Frasyniuk , Adam Michnik , Leszek Moczulski and Józef Szaniawski were detained.
  • Town hall from the 19th century

local community

The city ​​and country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Barczewo includes the city itself and 32 villages with school authorities.

coat of arms

Blazon : "In blue, a golden bishop's hat with hanging ribbons, worn by two floating, silver-clad angels."

This image is also on the SIGILLVM CIVITATIS WARTHEMBERG hanging on the federal letter of the cities of 1440 and is repeated later and again. Bishop Eberhard von Ermland had the castle built, hence the miter.

Partner communities

Barczewo is in a partnership with the Lower Saxony municipality of Hagen am Teutoburg Forest .

traffic

The place is on the southern route of the former Prussian Eastern Railway between Olsztyn and Korsze .

Famous pepole

Daughters and sons of the city

People who worked on site

Persons connected to Barczewo

  • Erich Koch (1896–1986), NSDAP Gauleiter of East Prussia, war criminal, prison inmate (1965–1986)
  • Richard von Weizsäcker (1920–2015) protected Hermann Priebe (1907–1997) from the Gestapo in Wartenburg in January 1945
  • Ludwig Meyländer called Rogalla von Bieberstein (1873-1940), Prussian Rittmeister a. D., landowner and legal knight of the Order of St. John as well as resistance fighter, he died on August 4, 1940 by hanging on the orders of the Nazi government in Wartenburg prison

literature

  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, pp. 22-23, point VI, 6).
  • August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 508, paragraph 100.
  • Ulrich Fox (local history researcher) : Parish Alt-Wartenburg in Warmia. With Jadden - Tengutten - Tollack. 1325-1985 . Self-published, Paderborn 1989.
  • Erich Weise (Hrsg.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 317). Kröner, Stuttgart 1966, DNB 456882979 , pp. 236-237.
  • Michael Bulitta: Fallen and missing soldiers of the Second World War from the Catholic parish of St. Anna in Wartenburg . Old Prussian Gender Studies - New Series 34, 2004, pp. 121–142.
  • Michael Bulitta: A contribution to public life in Wartenburg in 1913. Heimatjahrbuch Allenstein-Land 45 (2014), pp. 67–77.

Web links

Commons : Barczewo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Erich Weise (ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 4.
  2. a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 391.
  3. Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 72
  4. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, pp. 22-23, point VI, 6).
  5. a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 402–403, item 785.
  6. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 508, paragraph 100.
  7. Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 37, paragraph 243.
  8. ^ Gustav Neumann: The German Empire in Geographical, Statistical and Topographical Relationship (2nd edition of the Geography of the Prussian State ) Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 18-19, item 13.
  9. ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. allenstein.html # ew33alstwartenburg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. Główny Urząd Statystyczny, "LUDNOŚĆ - STAN I STRUKTURA W PRZEKROJU TERYTORIALNYM", as of December 31, 2007 ( memento of the original of June 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stat.gov.pl
  11. Erich Keyser : German city book - manual urban history volume I Northeast Germany page 113/114. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 1939.
  12. ^ Otto Hupp : German coat of arms . Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925.
  13. Entry about the partner communities on the homepage of the community of Hagen am Teutoburger Wald. Accessed on May 2, 2019, 3:51 pm