Korsze
Korsze | ||
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Basic data | ||
State : | Poland | |
Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | |
Powiat : | Kętrzyn | |
Area : | 4.03 km² | |
Geographic location : | 54 ° 10 ′ N , 21 ° 8 ′ E | |
Residents : | 4206 (June 30, 2019) |
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Postal code : | 11-430 | |
Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | |
License plate : | NKE | |
Economy and Transport | ||
Street : | Ext. 590 : Barciany ↔ Reszel - Biskupiec | |
Rail route : | PKP line 38: Białystok – Giżycko – Kętrzyn → Korsze | |
PKP line 353: Poznan – Toruń – Olsztyn → Korsze | ||
Next international airport : | Danzig | |
Gmina | ||
Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | |
Gmina structure: | 21 school authorities | |
Surface: | 249.94 km² | |
Residents: | 9717 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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Population density : | 39 inhabitants / km² | |
Community number ( GUS ): | 2808043 | |
Administration (as of 2012) | ||
Mayor : | Ryszard Ostrowski | |
Address: | ul. Mickiewicza 13 11-430 Korsze |
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Website : | www.korsze.pl |
Korsze [ ˈkɔrʃɛ ] ( German Korschen ) is a town with the seat of the urban and rural municipality Korsze in the Powiat Kętrzyński (Powiat Rastenburg) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
Korsze is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about 20 kilometers northwest of the district town of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) and 60 kilometers northeast of the voivodeship capital Olsztyn (Allenstein) .
The place Korsze (Korschen)
history
Local history
The place was mentioned in 1341 as in campo Cohorsen . The interpretation of the Prussian name is uncertain ("karšis": hazelnut, "karsa": cave, grotto). The village of Korschen was founded in 1448. It can be assumed that the place is much older, because there are reports of a knight of the Korschen estate who is said to have died in the battle of Tannenberg in 1410 . In 1785 Korschen is described as a noble estate and farming village with a church and 12 campfire sites (households).
In the course of the reorganization of the Prussian territorial administration, Korschen was incorporated into the Rastenburg district, Königsberg administrative district, in 1816 .
From 1871 to 1873 Korschen was connected to the rail network. and became an important railway junction in East Prussia during German times . The railway lines ( Berlin -) Allenstein - Insterburg (- Tilsit ) and Königsberg - Lötzen - Lyck - Russian border crossed here . At the beginning of the 20th century, the village is called a village and manor.
On April 30, 1874 Korschen office Village and thus its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and the county Rastenburg in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged.
Until 1945 the villagers were mostly employees of the Reichsbahn and the Reichspost . Korschen had very little industry apart from the railway depot. There was only an impregnation plant in which railway sleepers and electricity and telegraph poles were made of wood and made weatherproof. Korschen also had a permanent milk factory in which condensed and dry milk as well as cocoa were produced. In addition, the East Prussian beekeeping school was in Korschen.
Towards the end of the Second World War , the region was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . In the summer of 1945 Korschen was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power, along with the southern half of East Prussia and all of West Prussia . Insofar as the German residents had not fled, they were subsequently expelled from Korschen by the local Polish administrative authorities . The Poles first introduced the place name Korszyn for Korschen , which was later changed to Korsze .
On July 22, 1962, the village was raised to a city by incorporating surrounding places. The urban and rural community has about 10,000 inhabitants. Because of the nearby border with the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast , the place is no longer of great importance as a railway junction.
Korschen District (1874–1945)
When it was established, the Korschen district included four places, and in the end there were three:
German name | Polish name | Remarks |
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Glide tendons | Glitajny | 1928 incorporated into Karschau (district Dönhofstädt ) |
Korschen | Korsze | |
Korschen, good | 1928 incorporated into Spiegels ( Rehstall district ) | |
Podlechen | Podlechy | |
before 1883: Kollmen |
Kałmy | 1921 incorporated into the municipality of Korschen |
from 1929: Karschau |
Karszewo | before: Dönhofstädt district |
On January 1, 1945, Karschau, Korschen and Podlechen still formed the Korschen district.
Population development
until 1945
year | Residents | Remarks |
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1816 | 114 | |
1831 | 154 | |
1858 | 165 | 112 evangelicals and one catholic in the manor and 52 evangelicals in the associated village |
1864 | 272 | on December 3, of which 82 in the parish and 190 in the manor district |
1900 | 490 | |
1910 | 1263 | |
1933 | 2742 | |
1939 | 3041 |
since 1945
year | Residents | Remarks |
---|---|---|
1947 | 1832 | |
1960 | 3898 | |
2005 | 4714 | |
2014 | 4545 |
age structure
The age structure of the city of Korsze can be seen in a table for 2014:
church
Evangelical
Before 1945, the majority of Korschen's residents were Protestant. The place was in the parish of the church Leunenburg ( Polish Sątoczno ) parish. In 1903 and 1904, the Protestant church , which is still preserved today, was built in Korschen , whereby the parish bond with Leunenburg continued until 1945. The second pastor in Leunenburg was a clergyman for Korschen, who was assigned his own district. Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to the life of the Protestant community between 1945 and 1950. The church building was given to the Polish Orthodox Church . Evangelical church members living here now belong to the parish of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Catholic
As part of the construction work on the Białystok – Głomno railway line (1867) and the Toruń – Chernyakhovsk railway line (1871), many new citizens, including numerous Catholics, came to Korschen. A pharmacy was set up for the services. In the years 1902 to 1903 the neo-Gothic Exaltation of the Cross was built in the middle of the village (today in Polish: Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego i Matki Boskiej Miłosierdzia ), which still serves as a Catholic church today. The parish belongs to the deanery in Reszel (Rößel) in the Archdiocese of Warmia .
Orthodox
Orthodox parish life began in Korsze in 1966. Two years later, the Polish Orthodox Church became the owner of the previously evangelical church. She gave her the name St. Peter and Paul (Polish: Kościół Świętych Piotra i Pawła ). The parish belongs to the deanery in Olsztyn (Allenstein) in the diocese of Białystok – Danzig of the Polish Orthodox Church.
local community
Community area
The municipal area is 249.94 km², which is 20.61% of the area of the entire Powiat Kętrzyński . 77% of the community area is used for agriculture, 13% for forestry.
Neighboring communities
Korsze is surrounded by five neighboring municipalities:
- from the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ): the rural community Barciany (Barten) , the rural community Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) and the urban and rural community Reszel (Rößel) ,
- from the powiat Bartoszycki ( Bartenstein district ): the urban and rural community Bisztynek (Bischofstein) and the urban and rural community Sępopol (Schippenbeil) .
Community structure
The urban and rural community Korsze divided into the following 21 Schulz offices : Babieniec , Błogoszewo , Bykowo , Dłużec Wielki , Garbno , Gudniki , gudziki , Kałwągi , Karszewo , Kraskovo , Łankiejmy , Parys , Piaskowiec , Płutniki , Podlechy , Prosna , Saduny , Sajna Wielka , Sątoczno , Suśnik and Tołkiny .
In 1946, the rural community of Korsze comprised 33 localities and extended over an area of 9,431 hectares . Since the municipality reform of 1973, Korsze has been a town and country municipality . It initially comprised 19 school offices with a total of 69 localities. Today there are 21. Schulzenämter.
Polish name | German name (until 1945) |
Polish name | German name (until 1945) |
Polish name |
German name (until 1945) |
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Babieniec | Babziens | Kamień | Goldstein | Saduny | Sdunkeim | ||
Błogoszewo | Soul field | Karszewo | Karschau | Sajna Mała | Small closet home | ||
Błuskajmy Małe | Small bare germ | Kaskajmy Małe | Klein Köskeim | Sajna Wielka | Cabinet germ | ||
Błuskajmy Wielkie | Big bare germ | Korsze | Korschen | Sarkajmy | Scharkeim | ||
Bykowo | Bollendorf | Kowalewo Duże | Vorwerk Wotterkeim | Sątoczek | Klein Leunenburg | ||
Chmielnik | Henriettenhof | Kowalewo Małe | Wotter germ | Sątoczno | Leunenburg | ||
Dąb | Eichenau | Kraskovo | Schönfließ | Słępy | Schlömpen | ||
Długi Lasek | Langwäldchen | Krzemity | Cremates | Starynia | Gross Altendorf | ||
Dłużec Mały | Klein Langwalde | Łankiejmy | Langheim | Stawnica | Oberteich | ||
Dłużec Wielki | Groß Langwalde | Łękajny | Land germ | Studzieniec | Wormen | ||
Dubliny | Duplicates | Marłuty | Mockelkeim | Suliki | Doehrings | ||
Dzierżążnik | Hartels | Nunkajmy | Nohnkeim | Suśnik | Sweet nod | ||
Dzikovina | Eberstein | Olszynka | Waldriede | Tołkiny | Tolksdorf | ||
Garbno | Lamgarben | Parys | Paaris | Trzeciaki | Dreihöfen | ||
Giełpsz | Yellow sh | Piaskowiec | Sandenberg | Wągniki | Wangnick | ||
Glitajny | Glide tendons | Płutniki | Sudden nod | Wandajny | Turning tendons | ||
Głowbity | Beliefs | Podgórzyn | Friedrichsthal | Warnikajmy | Warning germ | ||
Gnoyevo | Grützau | Podlechy | Podlechen | Wetyn | Wettin | ||
Góra | Approach height | Polany | Annafeld | Wiklewko | Klein Winkeldorf | ||
Gudniki | Gudnick | Pomnik | Pomnick | Wiklewo | Winkeldorf | ||
Gudziki | Godocken | Prosna | Prassen | Wygoda | Heinriettenhof | ||
Kałmy | Kollmen | Równina Dolna | (Noble) Unter Plehnen | ||||
Kałwągi | Cold cheeks | Równina Górna | (Noble) Ober Plehnen |
population
age structure
In 2014, looking at the age structure of the residents of Gmina Korsze, this picture emerged:
traffic
Streets
Gmina Korsze is located at the intersection of two provincial roads that run through the municipality in a north-south and east-west direction: the provincial road 590 ( Barciany - Reszel - Biskupiec ) and the provincial road 592 ( Bartoszyce - Kętrzyn - Giżycko ). Incidentally, the villages of the Gmina are well connected with one another by side roads and country lanes.
rails
The community is crossed by two railway lines, which today, however, are only used for passenger traffic with the starting and ending point Korsze. Accordingly, the original number of train stations in the municipality is also reduced.
- The railway line Białystok – Głomno with the railway station Tołkiny (Tolksdorf) no longer goes beyond Korsze, so that the railway stations Głowbity (Glaubitten) and Studzieniec (Wormen) are no longer served;
- The Toruń – Chernyakhovsk railway with the Łankiejmy (Langheim) station also ends in Korsze, so that the Parys (Paaris) station is no longer served.
literature
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, p. 455, section h .
- Tadeusz Swat: Dzieje Wsi . In: Aniela Bałanda and others: Kętrzyn. Z dziejów miasta i okolic . Pojezierze, Olsztyn 1978, pp. 194-196 (Seria monografii miast Warmii i Mazur) .
Web links
- Korschen District (Rolf Jehke, 2005)
- GenWiki: Korschen
- City and municipality website (Polish)
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Rozalia Przybytek: place names of Baltic origin in the southern part of East Prussia (= Hydronymia Europaea , special volume 1). Steiner, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-515-06449-4 , p. 126.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 87.
- ↑ a b c Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 195.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 514.
- ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Korschen district
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2: G – Ko , Halle 1821, p. 387.
- ^ Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, p. 455, section h .
- ↑ Adolf Schlott : Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 207, paragraphs 120–121.
- ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Königsberg : Berlin 1966, Rastenburg district, p. 10, paragraphs 69-70.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rastenburg.html # ew33rastkorsch. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 195.
- ↑ http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Korschen
- ↑ a b Kobiety = women, Męzczyźni = men
- ^ Churches in Korschen at ostpreussen.net
- ^ Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 196.
- ↑ D. Lange: Geographical Register of Places East Prussia (2005)