Sępopol
| Sępopol | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Bartoszyce | ||
| Area : | 4.63 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 15 ' N , 21 ° 1' E | ||
| Residents : | 1958 (June 30, 2019) |
||
| Postal code : | 11-210 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NBA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Bartoszyce / DK 51 - Smolanka → Sępopol | ||
| Bartoszyce– Wiatrowiec → Sępopol | |||
| Korsze / ext . 590 - Glitajny - Stawnica --Sępopol | |||
| Next international airport : | Gdansk Lech Walesa Airport | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Surface: | 246.58 km² | ||
| Residents: | 6225 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
||
| Population density : | 25 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2801063 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Mayoress : | Dorota Górecka | ||
| Address: | ul. 22 Lipca 7 11-210 Sępopol |
||
| Website : | www.sepopol.pl | ||
Sępopol [ sɛmˈpɔpɔl ] ( German Schippenbeil ) is a town in the Powiat Bartoszycki ( Powiat Bartenstein ) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship with about 2200 inhabitants. The city is also the official seat of the Gmina of the same name ( urban and rural municipality ) with 42 villages.
location
The city is located in the former East Prussia at the confluence of the Guber in the Łyna (Alle) in the Bartenland, about 13 kilometers east of Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) and 60 kilometers southeast of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) . The distance to the border of the Russian exclave Oblast Kaliningrad near the border town of Szczurkowo (Schönbruch) is eleven kilometers.
City of Sępopol
The city, named Sepopol after 1945, was built near a Prussian settlement, after Goldbeck in 1230, and named Schiffenburc or Schiffenburg on old city seals . The city seems to have been destroyed after that, because in 1351 she received the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order a Tangible . A seal impression on the document from 1351 showed a ship against the background of a castle with the inscription S '. CIVITATIS SCHIFFENBURC. It is not certain that the later common name Schippenbeil is named after the Commander of the Teutonic Order Ludwig von Schippen. It is also uncertain whether the place name, which used to be Scheppenbil and Scheffenbil , can be traced back to the fact that this was once the seat of a lay judge , as Johannes Voigt suggested. The ending "Beil" indicates the old Prussian settlement (cf. the German word Weiler , but also the town of Heiligenbeil further west ). After it within the German Order State to a dispute over land between the Bishop of Warmia and Teutonic Knights had come up to modern times applicable limits Warmia was set by arbitration on 28 and 29 July 1374 and the cities Rastenburg , Bartenstein and Schippenbeil were awarded the order.
In 1749 the old, two-story town hall in the city center burned down. In 1753 a new town hall in massive construction was completed, the construction costs of which were 4000 thalers . In 1807, this architecturally appealing town hall was burned down by the Russians the night before the battle of Friedland . The ruins of the town hall were then torn down, and the previous stand was paved and has served as part of the market square ever since.
From 1818 to 1927 Schippenbeil belonged to the district of Friedland and - after its renaming - from 1927 to 1945 to the district of Bartenstein in the administrative district of Königsberg in the East Prussian province of the German Empire .
The city has always remained very small through the centuries, although it is located on an important crossover point. The old town lies on the left bank of the river, but the Bartener Vorstadt was formed along the main street leading to the east to the right of the river. When the main line Königsberg – Lyck – Grajewo – Białystok was built in the 1860s , the city administration declined a connection under pressure from the local wagoners and thus missed an important development opportunity. It was not until much later that the city was connected to the main line by a short branch line to Wöterkeim .
The population peaked at 3,250 in 1871, but then fell again to 2,400 by the First World War . At the beginning of the 20th century, Schippenbeil had a Protestant church, a district court, a machine factory, a large mill and two steam sawmills.
During the Second World War , an external labor camp of the Stutthof concentration camp was located in Schippenbeil . Like most East Prussian cities, Schippenbeil was badly destroyed at the end of the war in 1945. In the summer of 1945, Schippenbeil was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power . The Polish place name Sępopol was introduced for Schippenbeil . Unless the German residents had fled, most of them were subsequently evicted by the local Polish administrative authorities .
Today the city is the seat of a Polish urban and rural municipality . The town's stately church and a row of houses on the market have been preserved. The remote location on the border hinders the development of the place.
Population development
- until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1744 | 1,343 | |
| 1767 | 1,516 | in 211 residential buildings |
| 1777 | 1,810 | in 267 residential buildings |
| 1782 | over 1,800 | without the garrison (two grenadier companies ) |
| 1802 | 1,990 | |
| 1810 | 1,515 | |
| 1816 | 1,714 | including 1,686 Evangelicals and 28 Catholics (no Jews) |
| 1821 | 1,957 | |
| 1831 | 2.191 | |
| 1852 | 2,909 | |
| 1858 | 2,879 | of which 2,819 Protestants, 27 Catholics and 33 Jews |
| 1864 | 3,205 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 3,250 | in 256 residential buildings |
| 1875 | 3,155 | |
| 1880 | 3,174 | |
| 1890 | 2,996 | including twelve Catholics and 68 Jews |
| 1905 | 2,369 | |
| 1910 | 2,475 | |
| 1933 | 2,798 | |
| 1939 | 3,436 |
- since 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2,284 | |
| 2000 | 2,283 | |
| 2005 | 2,101 |
- Population bar graph
Churches
Protestant church
Schippenbeil was already a church village in pre-Reformation times. The Reformation arrived here quite early. The city belonged before 1945 to Kirchenkreis Friedland (East Prussia.) (Now Russian: Prawdinsk), as the church district Bartenstein (Polish: Bartoszyce) in the ecclesiastical province of East Prussia the Protestant Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Protestant church members living in Sępopol today belong to the parish Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) , which is a branch parish of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .
Parish places
Until 1945 the parish of Schippenbeil had a large parish with the following villages:
| German name (until 1945) | Polish name | German name (until 1945) | Polish name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anger | Groan | Pieny | ||
| Arndshof | Domkowo | Prantlack | Prętławki | |
| Blunken | Błonie | Rohden | Sępopolski Dwór | |
| Borides | Boryty | Romsdorf | Romankowo | |
| Dojauns | Laguny | Rosehine | Rusajny | |
| Gilgenau | Rose germ | Roskajmy | ||
| Honey tree | Miedna | Reverse sheaves | Rygarby | |
| Karlsfelde | Romankowo Kolonia | Schippenbeil | Sępopol | |
| Chin cheeks | Kinwągi | Schmirdtkeim (forest house) | Śmiardowo | |
| Landskron | Smolanka | Stolzenfeld | Stopki | |
| Langendorf | Długa | Talowo | Talowo | |
| Lewaldsrest | Thorms | |||
| Louisenhof | Łobzowo | Word germ | Wiatrowiec | |
| Massaunen | Masuny |
Pastor
From the Reformation until 1945, two clergymen (pastor and deacon) held office in Schippenbeil:
- Johann Ortle, until 1527
- Valentin Wildemannsdorf, 1526–1527
- Adam N.
- Benedict Weier, 1527-1550
- Simon Steger, 1550–1551
- Franciscus Marshausen, 1550–1555
- Samuel Lever, 1551–1555
- Thomas N., 1553
- Abraham Röder, 1555–1556
- Friedrich Hofmann, 1556–1562
- Johann Freudenhammer, 1556–1567
- Jacob Buschcke, 1562-1568
- Crispin Radewalt, 1567-1568
- Joachim Groß, 1568–1569
- David Tymno, 1569-1573
- Matthias Sokolowius, from 1569
- Vincentius N., until 1572
- David Kolbe, 1572-1576
- Heinrich Schönhut, 1573–1581
- G. Halbach vd Pforte, 1576–1581
- Christoph Schulz, 1581–1582
- Martin Praetorius (Schultz), 1582–1588
- Siegismund Weier, 1583–1585
- Albert Wilhelmi, 1585
- Georg Poltzin, 1585–1602
- Jonas Wolstein, 1588–1592
- Georg Kluge, 1593–1643
- Justus Grube, 1602-1611
- Leonhard Fabritius, 1611-1620
- Adam Praetorius, until 1630
- Matthäus Wilde, 1630–1644
- Christian Schnepfmüller, 1643–1653
- Johann Reichel, 1644–1646
- Martin Weiss, 1646-1654
- Philipp Cramer, 1653-1660
- Christian Wilcke, 1654-1656
- Adam Gorlovius, 1656-1657
- Johann Blanckenstein, 1658–1676
- Paul Crüger, 1661–1679
- Adam Stendel, 1676-1700
- Johann Zeidler, 1680-1710
- Martin Gottfried Dorn, 1699–1722
- Daniel Walther, 1700-1718
- Christoph Cramer, 1718-1721
- Adam Neumann, 1722-1728
- Daniel Fischer, 1723-1730
- Bernhard Matzke, 1728–1731
- Samuel Hart, 1731-1761
- Johann Georg Segers, 1731–1783
- Gottfried Heinrich Friederici, 1761–1783
- Georg Wilhelm Hausdorf, 1783–1787
- Johann Georg Segers, 1783–1814
- Carl Friedrich Norgarb, 1787-1838
- Christoph Michael Nietzki, 1814-1824
- Carl Ludwig Fürchtegott Hintz, 1824–1854
- Carl Eduard Hinz, 1839–1873
- Rudolf (Carl F.) Gregorovius, 1855–1866
- Friedrich Adolf Günther, 1866–1878
- Hugo Theodor Burdach, from 1873
- CF Rudolf Wilimzig, 1878-1903
- Carl Wilhelm Hugo Freyberg, 1880–1882
- Otto Koschorrek, 1882–1884
- Julius Karl Kasemir, 1884–1888
- Otto Eugen Bierfreund, 1888–1889
- Paul Heinrich Adolf Ruppel, 1889–1893
- Friedrich Ellenfeld, 1893–1899
- Wilhelm KT Grigull, 1899-1907
- Ernst Wedemann, 1903–1911
- Paul Rudolf Müller, 1907–1913
- Karl Wilhelm Otto Henkel, 1912–1920
- Friedrich Wilhelm Worm, 1913–1942
- Karl Hermann Samland, 1921–1928
- Johannes Hirsch, 1929–1945
- Klaus Ewert, 1942–1945
Church records
The church records of the parish Schippenbeil Apart from a few gaps get. Today they are kept in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg :
- Baptisms: 1654-1944
- Weddings: 1723 to 1944
- Burials: 1723-1944.
Catholic Church
Today, almost without exception, Roman Catholic Christians live in Sępopol . Michaeliskirche was expropriated after 1945 in favor of the Catholic parish. Sępopol is again the parish seat and at the same time the center for the Deanery Sępopol in the Archdiocese of Warmia of the Catholic Church in Poland . The deanery district comprises six parishes: Lipica (Lindenau) , Lwowiec (Löwenstein) , Łabędnik (Groß Schwanfeld) , Sątoczno (Leunenburg) Sępopol and Sokolica (Falkenau) .
Attractions
- Gothic Michaeliskirche with a striking low choir and preserved furnishings
- Water tower from 1912
- Remains of the old town buildings
- the old sexton's house near the church
- the partially preserved city wall
- Juditten Castle
- the beautiful location on the alley
Personalities
- Curt von Hagen (born September 12, 1859 in Schippenbeil), German governor of the colony of German New Guinea († 1897)
- Heinrich Hagen (1709–1772), German pharmacist and chemist
- Johann Heinrich Hagen (1738–1775) German pharmacist and natural scientist
- Margarethe Kossak (born August 22, 1855 in Schippenbeil), German writer († after 1928)
- William G. Netherlands (born August 29, 1904 in Schippenbeil), German-American psychoanalyst († 1993)
- Kurt von Rozynski (born June 1, 1864 in Schippenbeil), German genre painter and illustrator († 1940)
Gmina Sępopol
The urban and rural municipality of Sępopol covers an area of 247 km², which corresponds to 19% of the area of the entire Powiat Bartoszycki . 17% of it is forest area, 72% arable land.
Neighboring municipalities to Sępopol are:
- in the Polish territory: Barciany (Barten) , Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) and Korsze (Korschen)
- on the Russian side: Domnowo (Domnau) and Prawdinsk (Friedland (Ostpr.)) .
Community structure
The urban and rural municipality consists of the following localities:
| Polish name | German name (until 1945) |
Polish name | German name (until 1945) |
Polish name | German name (until 1945) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boryty | Borides | Masuny | Massaunen | Różyna | Rosenort | ||
| Długa | Langendorf | Melejdy | Mehleden | Rusajny | Roschenen | ||
| Domarady | Dompendehl | Miedna | Honey tree | Rygarby | Reverse sheaves | ||
| Dzietrzychowo | Dietrichsdorf | Ostre Bardo | Klingenberg | Sępopol | Schippenbeil | ||
| Gaj | Grünhof | park | park | Śmiardowo | Schmirdtkeim | ||
| Gierkiny | Gerkiehnen | Pasławki | Pass varnish | Smodajny | Puff stretching | ||
| Gulkajmy | Galley germ | Poniki | Big Poninken | Smolanka | Landskron | ||
| Judyty | Juditten | Prętławki | Prantlack | Stopki | Stolzenfeld | ||
| Kinwągi | Chin cheeks | Przewarszyty | Prauerschitten | Szczurkowo | Schönbruch | ||
| Langanki | Langhanken | Retowy | Rescue | Trosiny | Trosien | ||
| Lipica | Lindenau | Rogielkajmy | Rocking | Turcz | Thorms | ||
| Liski | Liesken | Romaliny | Romahn dismantling 1921–45 Romahnshof |
Wanikajmy | Wonin germ | ||
| Lwowiec | Lion's Arch | Romankowo | Romsdorf | Wiatrowiec | Word germ | ||
| Majmławki | Mamlack | Roskajmy | Rose germ | Vodukajmy | Voduhnkeim |
Also: Chełmiec
traffic
From the district town of Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) and the neighboring town of Korsze (Korschen) roads lead directly to the town of Sępopol, which is closely linked with its rural surroundings by numerous secondary roads. The nearest train station is Wiatrowiec (Wöterkeim), five kilometers away, on the railway line from Białystok to Bartoszyce.
literature
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 264-271.
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete Topography of the Kingdom of Prussia , Part I: Topography of East Prussia , Marienwerder 1785, p. 18, No. 2).
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, pp. 483-488 .
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 513-514, no. 110.
- Gustav Liek : The town of Schippenbeil with consideration of the parish and the surrounding area . Königsberg 1874 ( full text ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Friedrich August Voßberg : History of the Prussian coins and seals from the earliest times to the end of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Berlin 1843, panel XVII in the appendix, lower right.
- ^ A b Gustav Liek : The town of Schippenbeil with consideration of the parish and the surrounding area . Königsberg 1874, pp. 20–22, point 5.
- ^ A b Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete Topography of the Kingdom of Prussia , Part I: Topography of East Prussia , Marienwerder 1785, p. 18, No. 2).
- ↑ Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Fourth volume: The time from the subjugation of Prussia in 1283 to Dieterich von Altenburg's death in 1341 . Königsberg 1830, p. 154 ff.
- ^ Gustav Liek : The town of Schippenbeil with consideration of the parish and the surrounding area . Königsberg 1874, p. 11 ff.
- ↑ Johannes Voigt: History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . First volume: The time of paganism (with images of old Prussian grave mounds). Königsberg 1827, p. 495.
- ^ Gustav Liek : The town of Schippenbeil with consideration of the parish and the surrounding area . Königsberg 1874, p. 51.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 810.
- ↑ a b c d Gustav Liek : The town of Schippenbeil with consideration of the parish and the surrounding area . Königsberg 1874, p. 30.
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 370–371, item 630.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, pp. 513-514, no. 110.
- ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state. Berlin 1856, p. 546.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 85, paragraph 230.
- ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Königsberg : Berlin 1966, 5th district Friedland, p. 26, item 174.
- ^ A b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. bartenstein.html # ew33bartschippenbeil. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de/gem1900////gem1900.htm?ostpreussen/friedland.htm gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ a b c Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Główny Urząd Statystyczny
- ↑ Place directory / parishes of Bartenstein district ( memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1946 , Hamburg, 1968, pp. 133-134
- ^ Gregorovius 1 (1808-1866) was a member of the Corps Masovia .
- ↑ Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archives in Berlin , Part I: The Eastern Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union , Berlin, 1992³, pages 104-105
- ↑ a b J. G. Bujack: About Prussian natural scientists of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Biographical and literary sketches . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 23, Königsberg 1840, pp. 481-492.
