Schönbruch
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Schönbruch Szczurkowo |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Bartoszyce | ||
| Gmina : | Sępopol | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 21 ' N , 20 ° 54' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 11-210 Sępopol | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NBA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 512 : Pieniężno - Górowo Iławeckie - Bartoszyce - Szczurkowo | ||
| Sępopol –Wodukajmy – Szczurkowo | |||
| Правдиск (Prawdinsk) - Ермаково ( Yermakowo ) - Широкое (Shirokoye) | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Kaliningrad | |||
| Former village
Schönbruch
ирокое
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Schönbruch was a municipality in the Bartenstein district in East Prussia . Since 1945 the place has been divided into the Polish Szczurkowo ( Powiat Bartoszycki in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship ) and the Russian Shirokoye ( Prawdinsk Rajon in the Kaliningrad Oblast ).
History until 1945
Schönbruch was founded before 1349. From 1486 to 1766 the village was owned by the von Tettau family , then by the Freiherren zu Eulenburg , later by the Freiherr von Korff and finally by the von Bolschwing family from 1871 to 1945 .
In 1911 the railway line Wehlau - Friedland (East Prussia) - Bartenstein opened , which was extended to Heilsberg in 1916 . Schönbruch received its own station on this railway line, which existed until 1945. German prisoners of war had to dismantle the rails as a reparation payment to the Soviet Union .
In 1939, Schönbruch was the fifth largest municipality in the district with 1,139 inhabitants and the largest without municipal rights. Until 1945 it belonged to the district of Bartenstein in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1945 the local residents fled or had to evacuate the place. The acts of war caused destruction and damage in large numbers. Since then, Schönbruch has been divided into two halves by the Russian-Polish border.
Schönbruch District
Schönbruch was a separate administrative district until 1945, which was formed in 1874 from four rural communities and seven manor districts. These included (today's Polish and Russian names in brackets):
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In the 1920s, some localities were spun off, others, such as the village of Wicken (now Russian: Климовка - Klimowka ) were added. In 1938 the community of Juditten (now in Polish: Judyty) was incorporated into the Schönbruch district, which in 1945 consisted of the communities of Groß Poninken, Juditten and Schönbruch, which included all of the small towns.
The documents of the registry office Schönbruch for the years 1874 to 1938 are today in the registry office of the district town Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) , older civil status registers are kept in the registry office Górowo Iławeckie (Landsberg) .
church
The once Gothic parish church was built in the 15th century. After the Reformation moved in , it came to the Bartenstein Inspection, and until 1945 it belonged to the Friedland church district in the Protestant church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
The 32 localities belonged to the Schönbruch parish (today's Polish and Russian names in brackets):
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Places with the sign *) were school locations.
The church building was badly damaged in 1945 and demolished in the 1970s. The parish of Schönbruch went out. Schönbruch's parish registers from the years 1795 to 1903 are now in the State Archives in Olsztyn (Allenstein) , and possibly also in the registry office in Górowo Iławeckie (Landsberg) .
A predominantly Catholic population has lived in Szczurkowo since 1945 . The place is in the catchment area of the parish in Żydowo (Siddau) in the deanery Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) in the Archdiocese of Warmia of the Catholic Church in Poland . Protestant church members living here belong to the parish in Bartoszyce, a branch parish of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) in the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .
Schirokoje, on the other hand, is now in the catchment area of the evangelical community of Domnowo (Domnau) , which in turn is a subsidiary of the Resurrection Church in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) , which belongs to the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELCER).
Pastor until 1945
A total of 20 evangelical clergy worked in Schönbruch from the Reformation until 1945:
- Urban Gesner, until 1533
- Johann Gernick, until 1543
- Martin Behm, around 1579
- Michael Langbein, 1590–1596
- Andreas Caesar, 1596–1635
- Michael Freyhube, 1632-1651
- Melchior Harder, 1651-1654
- Georg Jetzelius, 1654–1675
- Christoph Zander, 1676–1709
- Jacob Dicker, 1709-1744
- David Friese, 1744-1770
- Elias Friese, 1770–1806
- Johann Wilhelm Böhnke, 1806–1835
- Carl August Thal, 1835-1852
- Gottlieb J. Corsepius, 1853-1891
- Carl WO Corsepius, 1891-1911
- Rudolf Macarius Vetter, 1911–1918
- Rudolf Stern, 1919–1923
- Rudolf Rothe, 1924–1929
- Johann Hundsdörffer, 1929–1945.
Todays situation
Border division
The Russian-Polish border runs in an east-west direction through the middle of the town. The demarcation has the consequence that the road connection Domnowo - Schönbruch - Jermakowo ( Deutsch Wilten ) is on the Russian side, while the road connection from Bartoszyce or Sępopol to Schönbruch is on the Polish side.
Szczurkowo (southern district)
The southern, Polish part of Szczurkowo is part of Gmina Sępopol and is still inhabited.
- Manor house : The manor house, also known as the “castle”, was originally a single-storey, classical plastered building with a pillared vestibule and a raised center with a triangular gable. From 1823 to 1871 it belonged to the von Korff family , before that to the Wicken estate . In 1872 it was fundamentally rebuilt. The building burned down at the end of the war in 1945, the ruins of the property were removed in the 1990s.
- Dairy : this building also no longer exists.
- Gasthaus : this traditional building has also been destroyed.
- School : the school , which is close to the border, is now a retirement home. The building was constructed in 1936 and is in good condition. The children in the Szczurkowo part of the village attend school in Sępopol today .
Schirokoje (northern district)
The northern, Russian part of Shirokoye belongs to Pravdinsk Raion and has no civilian population.
- Church : The 15th century church survived the war slightly damaged, but was then demolished in the 1970s. Remnants of ruins were still there at the beginning of the 1990s. You can still see the nave, which was extended to the east in 1608 and 1687, and the western tower that was laid before it, as well as the sacristy that was added to the north and the vestibule with vaulted crypt to the south. The flat wooden ceiling with scenes from the life of Jesus was famous. In 1943, photographers commissioned by the Reich Ministry of Propaganda took photos of the pictures, which are now stored in 31 color slides at the Central Institute for Church History in Munich . The other furnishings such as the altar (1691), the pulpit (around 1690), the baptism (early 18th century), the organ (1714), the confessional (1699) and a Luther picture (around 1570) survived the consequences of a shell impact or the demolitions in the period that followed and were destroyed in 1974 when the church was blown up by Russian soldiers. The epitaph standing in the vestibule of the church , which Georg von der Groeben represents with his wife Dorothea, née von Lehndorff , was recovered in 2013 and was installed in the garden of the German-Russian House in Kaliningrad.
- Train station : Schönbruch had had its own train station on the railway line between Wehlau and Bartenstein since 1911 , which was extended to Heilsberg in 1916 . In 1945 the rails were partly dismantled by German prisoners of war as reparations for the Soviet Union. The line has been closed since then. While all of the buildings from the German era have disappeared, only military buildings erected after 1945 can be found in the station area.
- Orphanage : There are only remnants of the wall of this building.
Road traffic
The road connection from the southern to the northern part (former Reichsstraße 142 ) has been interrupted, the next border crossing is now in Bezledy, about 15 km away, on the Polish state road DK 51 and Bagrationowsk on the Russian A 195 .
sons and daughters of the town
- Emanuel von Korff (1826–1903), Prussian officer and travel writer
- Otto von Bolschwing (1909–1982), SS-Hauptsturmführer and CIA agent
literature
- Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 . Part 1: The parishes and their positions . Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1968 ( special publications of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia eV 11, ISSN 0505-2734 ).
Web links
Registry office documents: http://allenstein.draschba.de/haben.php?aid=42&id=695
- Schönbruch on ostpreussen.net
- Schönbruch Palace in the Alexander Duncker Collection (PDF file; 186 kB)
- http://forum-kenig.ru/viewtopic.php?f=34&t=2903&sid=79e7ce7d7130e6922094091fbc698a61
- http://swinokotleta.livejournal.com/tag/schonbruch
Individual evidence
- ↑ Renamed by the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 5 июля 1950 г., №745 / 3, "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Regulation 745/3 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "About renaming of places in the Kaliningrad region "of July 5, 1950)
- ↑ On the Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung Fund , No. 46 - November 16, 2013, page 13