Pravdinsk
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Pravdinsk
Friedland Правдинск
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Prawdinsk ( Russian Правдинск ( ), German until 1946 Friedland in East Prussia , Polish Frydląd , Lithuanian Romuva ) is a small town with 4,323 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) in the south of the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in the Prawdinsk Rajon . The city of Pravdinsk is the administrative seat of the municipal self-government unit of the Pravdinsk district .
location
The city is located in the historical region of East Prussia on the Alley , about 50 kilometers southeast of Koenigsberg ( Kaliningrad ).
history
In 1312 the present place was founded by the Teutonic Order . The Grand Master of the Order, Luther of Braunschweig, granted the place Kulm town charter in 1335 under the name Friedland . Lithuanian invaders wreaked havoc in 1347. In 1441 the city joined the Prussian Confederation and was one of the opponents of the Teutonic Order in the 1454 city war . In the 15th century Friedland became an important center for cloth making and weaving. The army of the order destroyed Friedland again in 1466. The town suffered further destruction in 1553 by a fire that only escaped the church, and in 1656 by Swedish troops. In 1795 another fire raged in the city. The Battle of Friedland took place on June 14, 1807 , in which Napoleon defeated the Russian army. At the meeting of the European places called Friedland, the battle was re-enacted on the original location on the occasion of the 200th anniversary.
As a result of the Prussian administrative reform of 1818, Friedland became the district town of the district of the same name in the Königsberg administrative district . In 1885 the city had 3,182 inhabitants. Friedland lost the status of the district town in 1902 when the district office was relocated to Bartenstein .
At the beginning of the 20th century Friedland had a Protestant church, a rescue station, a preparatory institute , a district court, a main tax office as well as a steam grinder and a steam cutting mill. In 1921–1923, the Friedland power station was built, which supplied large parts of East Prussia with electricity. In 1927 the district was named after Bartenstein. When the Second World War broke out, Friedland had 4,410 inhabitants.
After the city was conquered by the Red Army in 1945, the city center was burned down and the church completely lost its furnishings . It was later converted into a warehouse.
After the Second World War , Friedland was placed under Soviet administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, together with the entire northern half of East Prussia, and renamed Pravdinsk , probably based on the Russian word pravda (truth) . The interesting buildings include the early Gothic parish church as well as the dam wall built around 1923 (formerly "East Prussia Works ") on the river Alle. The region was part of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and has been part of the Russian Federation ever since .
Population development
- until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | over 2,000 | without the garrison (a battalion of infantry ) |
| 1802 | 2.118 | |
| 1810 | 1,535 | |
| 1816 | 1,808 | 1,761 Protestants and 47 Catholics (no Jews) |
| 1821 | 2.137 | |
| 1831 | 2,283 | |
| 1858 | 2,595 | including 2,559 Evangelicals, seven Catholics and 29 Jews |
| 1864 | 3,474 | on December 3rd |
| 1875 | 3,296 | |
| 1880 | 3,366 | |
| 1890 | 2,609 | |
| 1900 | 2,824 | |
| 1933 | 4,323 | |
| 1939 | 4,410 |
- since 1945
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1959 | 2,718 |
| 1970 | 3,335 |
| 1979 | 4,070 |
| 1989 | 4.143 |
| 2002 | 4,480 |
| 2010 | 4,323 |
Note: census data
Pravdinskoye gorodskoye posselenie 2004-2015
The urban municipality of Pravdinskoje gorodskoje posselenije (ru. Правдинское городское поселение) was established in 2004 and, in addition to the city of Pravdinsk, contained another 32 “settlements” (Russian: possjolok) in the western and central Pravdinsk district of the . In 2015 the community was dissolved and its places incorporated into the Pravdinsk district.
The following places belonged to the 32 settlements of the Pravdinskoje selskoje posselenije:
| Place name | German name | Place name | German name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antonowo (Антоново) | Grünwalde | Lukino (Лукино) | Kloschenen | |
| Bely Jar (Белый Яр) | Ice wagon | Novoye (Новое) | Trimmau | |
| Berjosowo (Берёзово) | Schönbaum | Oktyabrskoje (Октябрское) | Klein Schönau | |
| Bytschkowo (Бычково) | Kaydann | Peredowoje (Передовое) | Post tendons | |
| Kholmogorje (Холмогорье) | Kipitten | Pessochnoe (Песочное) | Althof | |
| Dalneje (Дальнее) | Wommen | Poretschje (Поречье) | Allenau | |
| Druzhba (Дрүжба) | Allenburg | Progress (Прогресс) | Auglitten | |
| Dworkino (Дворкино) | Friedenberg | Ryabinino (Рябинино) | Korwlack | |
| Fedotowo (Федотово) | Plauen, Wehlau district | Rodniki (Родники) | Leißienen | |
| Iswilino (Извилино) | Dettmitten | Rownoje (Ровное) | Heinrichsdorf | |
| Kisseljowka (Киселёвка) | Karschau | Shevchenko (Шевченко) | to Friedland | |
| Kostjukowka (Костюковка) | Heyde | Selentsowo (Зеленцово) | Grünthal | |
| Krasnopolje (Краснополье) | Hohenstein | Sevskoje (Севское) | Boettchersdorf | |
| Krutoi Jar (Крутой Яр) | Götzlack | Sopkino (Сопкино) | Rosenberg, Gerdauen district | |
| Kurortnoje (Курортное) | Residential village with Agnesenhof | Tjomkino (Тёмкино) | Mertensdorf | |
| Lugowoje (Луговое) | Hohenfelde | Trostniki (Тростники) | Schakenhof |
church
Evangelical
Parish
From the introduction of the Reformation up to 1945, there was a Protestant parish in Friedland. The church was St. George's Church. It was once part of the inspection of the court preacher in Königsberg (Prussia) (today in Russian: Kaliningrad), then it was integrated into the Friedland parish , which was converted into the Bartenstein parish (now in Polish: Bartoszyce) from 1927 . It was in the area of the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Before 1912 the parish had 4,500 parishioners.
During the time of the Soviet Union , church life was forbidden. In the 1990s a new evangelical congregation was formed in Pravdinsk, which belongs to the catchment area of the Resurrection Church congregation in Kaliningrad ( Königsberg (Prussia) ) and is incorporated into the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELCER).
Partnerships
The Evangelical Lutheran parish in Pravdinsk maintains partnerships with:
- Evangelical Church of the Redeemer in Potsdam
- Community of Protestant East Prussia (GeO) eV
The city of Prawdinsk is one of the ten towns in Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Russia that bear or have carried the name Friedland and have been holding international peace meetings under the motto Friedland - Peaceful Land - Peaceful Europe since 1996 .
Parish locations (until 1945)
Before 1945, the Friedland parish included the following villages:
| Name (until 1946) | Russian name |
|---|---|
| Battkeim | - |
| Bothkeim | Chistopolye |
| Oak grove | - |
| Friedlandshof | - |
| Götzlack | Krutoi Jar |
| Grünwalde | Antonovo |
| Hegewald | - |
| Heinrichsdorf | Rovnoye |
| Heyde | Kostyukovka |
| Kloschenen | Lukino |
| Lawdt | - |
| Mertensdorf | Tjomkino |
| Post tendons | Peredovoye |
Church building
In its beginnings, the Friedlander St. George's Church was built from wood in 1313. When the Lithuanians invaded it , it burned down in 1347, but was then rebuilt from 1360 to 1380 as a brick hall with sacristy and tower. Before the end of the 15th century, the church received extensive renovations. A three-aisled basilica with seven bays was created by adding two rows of pillars .
The St. Anna Chapel was added to the side walls on the south side in 1506 and later used as the private chapel of the von Proeck family , and after 1521 further chapels were added on the north side.
The church's valuable art furnishings were stolen in 1948. One of the three bells once survived the war in the Hamburg bell cemetery and is now ringing in the church in Langenhagen in Lower Saxony . It dates from 1746 and was made in the Königsberg bell foundry Dörling . The other two bells, a small and a large one, have remained in the bell tower. The big bell dates from 1729 and still bears the coat of arms of Friedrich Wilhelm I (Prussia) ' FWR '.
Between 1961 and 1991 the church was misused and served as a warehouse for the consumer cooperative until it was repaired - also with the strong support of former Friedland church members - and is now the place of worship of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The newly formed evangelical community today has a small community hall with a special church service hall.
Pastor
Until 1945 Friedland and the parish belonging to it was looked after by two clergymen (parish and deacon):
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Church records
Many church registers of the Friedland parish are now kept in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg :
- Baptisms: 1640-1879
- Weddings: 1677 to 1888
- Burials: 1716 to 1884
- Confirmations: 1819 to 1823.
Other church-chronical records are also available there.
Church district
Until 1927 Friedland was the official seat and eponymous place of a church district within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Then Bartenstein (now Polish: Bartoszyce) became the administrative seat.
This church district included 14 parishes, whose areas are today in Russia (RUS) as well as in Poland (PL):
- Auglitten (Progress / RUS) -Schönwalde (Rasswet / RUS)
- Bartenstein (Bartoszyce / PL) town church
- Bartenstein-St. Johann
- Böttchersdorf (Sevskoje / RUS) - Allenau (Poretschje / RUS)
- Deutsch Wilten (Yermakowo / RUS) - Georgenau (Roschtschino / RUS) - Klingenberg (Ostre Bardo / PL)
- Domnau (Domnowo / RUS)
- Falkenau (Sokolica / PL)
- Friedland (Prawdinsk / RUS)
- Gallingen (Galiny / PL)
- Groß Schwansfeld (Łabędnik / PL)
- Klein Schönau (Oktjabrskoje / RUS)
- Schippenbeil (Sępopol / PL)
- Schönbruch (Szczurkowo / PL or Schirokoje / RUS)
- Stockheim (Saizewo / RUS)
Catholic
A Roman Catholic parish was founded in Friedland in 1931 and existed until 1945. Their district was branched off from that of the parish in Tapiau (Russian: Gwardeisk). Friedland was in the area of the Diocese of Warmia .
Russian Orthodox
Today there is a Russian Orthodox community in Pravdinsk . It uses the former Protestant St. George's Church as a place of worship. Pravdinsk belongs to the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltijsk ( Königsberg and Pillau ).
Hydroelectric power plant
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The hydropower plant for Kaliningrad is to be restored.
Attractions
- In the city center, the Gothic (formerly Protestant , today Russian Orthodox ) St. George's Church was preserved after 1990 with German support.
- Local museum. It also shows a wooden sculpture with a severed face, the only thing that remains of the church's once-rich interior.
- Memorial plaque to the Königsberg poet Agnes Miegel on the outer wall of the former grammar school, which bore her name from 1923 to 1945
- Monument to the Russian Major General Nikolai Masowski, who died in the Battle of Friedland in 1807, in a small park near the church
- Monument to the Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov
- Mass grave for Russian soldiers from the Battle of Friedland
- Lenin monument
- Prawdinsk Reservoir ( Reihersee ), on the southern outskirts
Personalities
- Moritz Heling (1522–1595), theologian
- Albert Scheffler (1858–1928), classical philologist and high school teacher
- Hartmut Lubomierski (* 1943), data protection expert
- Otto Saro (1818–1888), Chief Public Prosecutor in Königsberg, member of the Prussian House of Representatives and the Reichstag
See also
literature
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 175-179.
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, pp. 479-483 .
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, paragraph 112.
- Wilhelm Sahm : History of the city of Friedland Ostpr. Published on behalf of the magistrate. Gräfe and Unzer, Königsberg 1913.
Web links
- Pravdinsk on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 111, point 6).
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, point 4).
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 282–283, item 177.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 514, paragraph 112.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 79, point 60.
- ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative district : Berlin 1966, 5th Friedland district, p. 2, item 38.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. bartenstein.html # ew33bartfriedland. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Закон Калининградской области от 21 декабря 2004 г. № 476 «О наделении муниципального образования" Правдинский район "статусом муниципального района и об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципальных образований , находящихся на его территории" (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 21 December 2004, No. 476. About the equipping of municipal Formation of "Pravdinsk Raion" with the status of a municipal raion and on setting the boundaries and providing the corresponding status of the municipal formations located on its territory)
- ↑ Ev.-luth. Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Partnerships ( memento from November 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on friedland-mecklenburg.de
- ↑ Kirchspiel Friedland ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Parish Church of St. George in Friedland / Prawdinsk
- ^ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968
- ↑ Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin , Part 1: The Eastern Church Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union, Berlin, 1992³
- ↑ The restoration of the Friedland hydropower plant (Königsberger Express 2017)
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