Druzhba (Kaliningrad)
| settlement
Druzhba
Allenburg Дружба
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg)
Druzhba ( Russian Дрýжба, Družba , German Allenburg , Polish Alembork , Lithuanian Alna ) is a settlement (until 1945 city) in the Pravdinsk Rajon of the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast . It belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Pravdinsk district.
location
The place is located in the historical region of East Prussia on the river Лава, Lawa (Polish Łyna , dt. Alle ) near the confluence of the Omet and the Masurian Canal , about 40 kilometers southeast of the city of Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ).
history
Allenburg was first mentioned in 1256 when the Teutonic Order of Knights expanded the castle on the eastern side of the Alley into a bailey with ramparts as a defense system against the Lithuanians. The Prussians destroyed the castle four years later , but a new castle was built in 1272 after the Prussians were defeated.
On October 19, 1400, Allenburg received city rights from Konrad von Jungingen , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, according to Kulmer law . The city joined the Prussian Federation and was therefore attacked by the Teutonic Order in 1455, conquered and partially destroyed in the process.
Since 1818 Allenburg belonged to the circle Wehlau in the administrative district of Konigsberg in East Prussia .
Around 1900 there was a Protestant church, a women's monastery, a rescue house and a steam mill in Allenburg, around 1925 a district court, sawmills, dairies and four horse and cattle markets, and there was a motorboat connection with Königsberg . During the First World War , the city was captured by the Russian army in August 1914 and was badly damaged in the process. The town church was also affected. After the end of the war, the general reconstruction of the city took place in the early 1920s. Until 1945 it belonged to the district of Wehlau in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia .
After the Second World War , the city came under Soviet administration in 1945 and was renamed Druzhba (German: friendship ) in 1947 . At the same time, the place became the seat of a village soviet in Pravdinsk Raion . The German residents who remained after the escape were resettled by 1948 and replaced by new settlers from different parts of the Soviet Union. After the loss of the hinterland and most of the transport connections due to the Soviet-Polish border drawing through East Prussia and the loss of city rights, the place has lost a lot of its importance since 1945, and there are only relatively few houses left. As part of local self-government, Druzhba was incorporated into the urban municipality of Pravdinskoje gorodskoje posselenije in 2004 .
Population development
- until 1945
In 1711 the Great Plague (Prussia) raged in the city, and only eleven residents are said to have survived.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1768 | 1,138 | |
| 1782 | 1,379 | in 179 households, not including the garrison consisting of a squadron of dragoons |
| 1798 | 1,321 | |
| 1802 | 1,353 | |
| 1810 | 1,250 | |
| 1816 | 1,399 | 1,390 Protestants, seven Catholics and two Jews |
| 1821 | 1,423 | |
| 1831 | 1,654 | |
| 1840 | 1,730 | |
| 1858 | 2,252 | including 2,229 Evangelicals, five Catholics and 18 Jews |
| 1875 | 2,090 | |
| 1880 | 2,107 | |
| 1985 | 1,958 | |
| 1900 | 1,750 | |
| 1910 | 1,697 | |
| 1925 | 1,730 | mostly evangelicals |
| 1933 | 2,082 | |
| 1939 | 2,692 |
- since 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 515 | |
| 2010 | 440 |
mayor
- Erwin Moeller , 1915 to 1945
coat of arms
Blazon : "In silver, a red elk's hull rising from green reed."
Moose are still standing game in this area. It is therefore not surprising that the 15th century SIGILLUM CIVITATIS ALLENBERG shows an elen with broad-bladed antlers walking on an undulating ground. In the 17th century, an ordinary deer head was placed in the seal instead.
Druschbinski selski Sowet / okrug 1947–2004
The village soviet Druschbinski selski Sowet (ru. Дружбинский сельский Совет) was first established in June 1947 in Gwardeisk district . In July 1947 he was assigned to the Pravdinsk Raion . After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Druschbinski selski okrug (ru. Дружбинский сельский округ). The eleven settlements that were still in the Druzhbinsky village district at the end of 2004 were then incorporated into the urban municipality of Pravdinskoje gorodskoje posselenije as part of local self-government .
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Belaya Polyana (Белая Поляна) | Jägersdorf | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Bely Jar | Ice wagon | The place was renamed in 1947 and belonged to the Novo-Bobruiski village soviet until 1988 . |
| Beresinki (Березинки) | Sound | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Berjosowo (Берёзово) | Schönbaum | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Sevski . |
| Demjanowka (Демьяновка) | Groß Engelau | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Druzhba (Дружба) | Allenburg | Administrative headquarters |
| Fedotowo (Федотово) | Great Plauen | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Ilitschowo (Ильичёво) | Angel height | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Iswilino (Извилино) | Dettmitten | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Krasnoye (Красное) | Beautiful steps | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Kurortnoje (Курортное) | Groß Wohnsdorf and Agnesenhof | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Sevski. |
| Lugowoje (Луговое) | Hohenfelde | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially included in the Poretschenski village soviet . |
| Maiskoje (Майское) | Cautery | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Novoye (Новое) | Trimmau | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Ossipenko (Осипенко) | Gundau | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Ovrashnoe (Овражное) | Wilhelmshöhe | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially included in the Poretschenski village soviet. It was abandoned before 1975. |
| Pavenkovo (Павенково) | Klein Engelau | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Pessochnoe (Песочное) | Althof, Bartenstein district |
The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Pospelowo (Поспелово) | Progen | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Progress (Прогресс) | Auglitten | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Rechnoe (Речное) | Redden | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Rodniki (Родники) | Leißienen | The place was renamed in 1947 and initially belonged to the Bolschepolyansky village soviet in Gwardeisk district . |
| Selzy (Сельцы) | Königstann and Klein Neumühl | The place was renamed in 1950 and was initially assigned to the village Soviet Sevski. It was abandoned before 1975. |
The two places renamed in 1950 Alexejewka (Hanswalde) and Cholmogorje (Kipitten) , which were initially also assigned to the Druschbinski selski Sowet, came (before 1975) to the Poretschenski selski Sowet .
traffic
The regional road 27A-037 (ex R 514 ) from Pravdinsk to the federal road A 229 near Znamensk and the municipal road 27K-071 from Jelnjaki on the regional road 27A-027 (ex R 508 ) to Schelesnodoroschny run through the village . The municipal road 27K-132 in Novo-Bobruisk and the municipal road 27K-070 in Gussewo also connect to the regional road 27A-027 .
Before 1945 the place was a train station on the railway line from Wehlau via Friedland (East Prussia) to Bartenstein and Heilsberg , which was dismantled in the section to Bartoszyce after the Second World War.
Twin cities
Hoya an der Weser has been the sponsor town of Allenburg since 1972 .
The 25-year sponsorship was celebrated in 1997 and the 600th anniversary of the city charter was also celebrated in 2000. A memorial stone for the 600 years of city rights was erected and ceremoniously inaugurated at the Martinskirche, the cultural center of Hoya.
Attractions
The town church from the 15th century with its striking stepped gable tower is well preserved. In 1999 an association was founded to maintain and use the church for Evangelical Lutheran services and a small museum. After extensive renovation work, a small museum in the church tower and a church service room for the Evangelical Lutheran congregation were set up in July 2005. From the tower of the church there is a good view of the surroundings and a used stork's nest on the east gable of the church tower.
There are two locks on the Masurian Canal in Druzhba. The lock directly on the road to Bely Jar (Eiserwagen) has a large compensation basin. The lock keeper's house was built in 1921 on the excavation of the lock. It was restored by a couple from Germany starting in 2002, but burned down on February 2, 2012 as a result of a short circuit. The second lock is at the end of the path towards the former train station, where there is now a cowshed. This lock is even bigger and much better preserved than the lock on the road to Bely Jar; however, the lock keeper's house was destroyed after the war.
Parish church
The castle chapel was used as a place of worship until the church was built in 1405. At the beginning of the 15th century, the building of the brick church with the remarkable east gable began, but without a choir.
Towards the end of the 15th century, the hall was expanded to the west. The north side of the nave was also the city wall . During the fighting in the First World War , the building was severely damaged, and in addition to the tower, the organ with 2 manuals and 22 registers built by Johann Josua Mosengel in 1699 was destroyed.
On August 30, 1925, the rebuilt church could be consecrated again. The tower, which was blown up by Russian troops, was rebuilt and raised in the neo-Gothic style; presumably based on plans by the architect Hugo Häring .
Since 2005 - the year of the celebration of the 600th anniversary of the church - it can be used again for church services.
Parish
The Reformation took hold in Allenburg relatively early. In 1529 the last pre-Reformation clergyman was deposed and on February 23, 1529 the first Lutheran pastor was appointed.
Allenburg, with its majority Protestant population, was the seat of a large parish until 1945 , which belonged to the Wehlau church district within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Church life could not take place during the Soviet era . It was not until the 1990s that mainly Russian- Germans gathered in Druzhba. A small congregation arose which belongs to the church region of the Resurrection Church Congregation in Kaliningrad ( Königsberg (Prussia) ). It is part of the newly established Kaliningrad provost within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER).
Parish places
The parish of Allenburg before 1945 belonged to 42 villages, some of which no longer exist today:
| Name (until 1946) | Russian name | Name (until 1946) | Russian name | Name (until 1946) | Russian name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allenburg | Druzhba | Great Plauen | Fedowowo | Neumühl | Kostromino | ||
| Allenburgsfelde | Hohen Damerau | Neusaß I and II | Grachyovo | ||||
| Allenburgshausen | Harnowen, 1938–1946 Krugdorf |
Neuwaldau | |||||
| Allendorfshof | Karlswalde | Potavern | Potapovo | ||||
| Aue I and II | Cautery | Corn bunk | Progen | Pospelowo | |||
| Damerau near Progen | Klein Mauen | Redden | Rechnoye | ||||
| Dettmitten | Iswilino | Klein Neumühl | Reichau | ||||
| Eichwalde | Anochino | Klein Plauen | Selzy | Sound | |||
| Ice wagon | Bely Jar | Koppershagen | Schönrade | Shcherbinino | |||
| Elisenthal | Kortmedia | Kostromino | Trilinde | Annowka | |||
| Ernstwalde district of Wehlau | Leißienen | Rodniki | Trimmau | Novoye | |||
| Friederikenruh | Davydovo | Milk forest | Trimmau-Damerau | Deschnewo | |||
| Glassworks in the Wehlau district | Dalneje | Muskau | Wittenberg district of Wehlau | ||||
| Great Allendorf | Kostromino | Nagurren, 1938–1946: Freudenfeld |
Novo-Bobruisk | Brickyard | Malachowo |
Pastor
From the time of the Reformation to 1945, there were two clergymen in Allenburg:
- Johann Laxophorin, from 1529
- Balthasar Gottshtuer, until 1537
- Alex Magnus, until 1546
- L. Tollenburg, 1550–1558
- Johann Sperber, 1562–1575
- Martin Bezelius, from 1575
- Theodor Siligeneus, from 1601
- Johann Jungius, 1619-1625
- Andreas Meyer, 1625
- Georg Hintz, 1625–1651
- Johann Röder, 1625–1657
- Georg Fresisenisen, 1653–1670
- Johann Friedrich Weißemmel, 1657–1662
- Friedrich Gerholtz, from 1662
- Georg Bliesner, 1670–1681
- Christoph Moldenhauer, 1666
- Michael Hefter, 1681-1711
- Friedrich Kranich, 1681–1716
- Friedrich Mickeht, 1711-1721
- Johann Ludwig Colbius, 1717–1748
- Michael Freytag, 1721-1737
- Daniel Friedrich Glawe, 1738–1743
- Bernhard Jacob Drenckhan, 1743–1786
- Johann Ernst Henne, 1749–1761
- Johann Gottlieb Schudich, 1761–1773
- Samuel Heinrich Keber, 1773–1777
- Jacob Friedrich Töppen, 1777–1786
- Johann Gottlob Patzig, 1786–1817
- Johann Daniel Schmidt, 1792-1816
- Gottfried Laudien, 1816–1820
- Simon Mäckelburg, 1817–1821
- Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Bobrik, 1820–1832
- Daniel Samuel Weißemmel, 1822–1838
- Friedrich Adolf Günther, 1833–1845
- Sigismund Erwin Otto von Schäwen, 1838–1866
- Adolf Eduard Treibe, 1846–1892
- August Wolfgang Adalbert Kähler, 1866–1876
- Albert Leonhard H. Wodaege, 1877–1880
- Carl Gustav Marter, 1880–1882
- Otto Meißner, 1884–1885
- August Wilhelm Lucas, 1885–1886
- Josef Grunert, 1887–1906
- Max Zacharias Ebel, 1892–1900
- Alexander Gerhard A. Wormit, 1901–1910
- Richard Bernhard Böhnke, 1907–1910
- Hermann Erich Kramm, 1910–1918
- Georg Wagner, 1911–1914
- Rudolf Erich Sack , 1914–1916
- Georg Kern, 1918–1924
- Georg Luntowski, 1922–1925
- Paul Bendrich, 1925-1927
- Georg Luntowski, 1925–1927
- Otto Rosinski, 1927-1930
- Bruno Adelsberger, 1927–1932
- Friedrich Mickwitz, 1930–1933
- Ernst Daudert, 1935–1940
- Berthold Kröhnert, 1936–1938
- Heinz Paul Albert Reich, 1939–1945
- Alfred Blaesner, 1943–1945
- Michael Klumbies, 1943-1945
Personalities of the place
- Kurt Dieckert (1893–1959), architect, building officer and officer; Chronicler of Königsberg's downfall
- Franz von Zychlinski (1816–1900), infantry general
- Hermann Eilsberger (1837–1908), pastor in Königsberg
- Erwin Moeller (1883–1966), mayor
- Wilhelm von der Osten-Sacken (1769–1846), major general
- Paul Treibe (1876–1956), Ministerialdirektor in the Reich Ministry of Transport
See also
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Marienwerder 1785, pp. 13-14.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 516, no. 117 .
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 61-63 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b c Handbook of Historic Places - East and West Prussia, Historic Sites , Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , p. 5
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 1, Leipzig and Vienna 1905, p. 345.
- ↑ a b The Great Brockhaus. 15th edition, 1st volume, Leipzig 1928, p. 301.
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ || Leopold Krug: The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically. Part 1: East Prussia Province. Berlin 1833, p. 304 .
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia. Marienwerder 1785, p. 14.
- ↑ a b c Leopold Krug (1833), loc. cit.
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 250–351, item 7.
- ^ Supplements to the Universal Lexicon or Encyclopedic Dictionary of Sciences, Arts and Crafts (edited by HA Pierer, edited by Franz Dornberger). 1st volume, Altenburg 1841, p. 180.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, pp. 22-233, paragraph 6.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. East Prussia: Wehlau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Prof. Dr. Erich Keyser : German City Book - Handbook of Urban History Volume I Northeast Germany P. 21/22. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1939.
- ^ Prof. Otto Hupp : German coat of arms. Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925.
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 25 июля 1947 г. "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of July 25, 1947: Establishment of the Oblast-Kaliningrad)
- ^ The church in Allenburg
- ↑ Ev.-luth. Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Parishes in the Wehlau district (PDF; 10.2 MB), supplemented by: Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume III: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 474
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, pp. 14-15
- ↑ Member of the Corps Masovia , father of Paul Treibe