Kulmer right

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Kulm law describes in a comprehensive way the medieval law of the region of Prussia determined by the Teutonic Knights Order . It is based on two legal documents:

The Kulmer Handfeste was first issued by the Teutonic Order for its towns of Kulm and Thorn , but it formed the model for most of the town charter documents in the Prussian monastic state , so that it has the character of a constitution . The document was issued on December 28, 1233 by the 4th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Hermann von Salza . The original document was probably lost as early as 1244 when the East Pomeranian Duke Swantopolk II attacked the city of Kulm. A new edition of the hand fests with slight changes in favor of the Teutonic Order was created in 1251. The Kulmer law was u. a. Developed from Magdeburg law as well as previous Saxon law ( Sachsenspiegel ). In Danzig the order replaced the Magdeburg law previously granted by the Polish king with Kulmer law. The Kulm law was used throughout Prussia and supplemented in individual cities by their arbitrariness and rights. In 1343, the Kulm law was also introduced in Pomerellen . The dukes of independent Mazovia (only since 1525 with Poland) founded cities according to Kulm law, such as Czersk (Vistula) .

The Old Kulm was not created by the Teutonic Knights and never officially recognized by him, but was in all major cities of the Prussian Order state to 1400 rezipiert and has since been in use. It is a legal book developed since the 1380s based on Silesian sources ( Systematic Breslauer Schöffenrecht ) . The Vulgate version was available no later than 1394 (year of origin of the oldest known manuscript). The original eight books have been regrouped and divided into five; In the fifth book, pieces from the Schwabenspiegel are also incorporated.

In the 16th century, the Alten Kulm was revised and glossed , which has now become a state law. Further revisions were made in the 17th and 18th centuries. The new version of Complete Culmic Law was printed and published by Joh. Fr. Bartels in Danzig in 1767 with the collaboration of MC Hanow.

Cities founded according to Kulmer law

The names up to 1945, today's names (in brackets) and year of foundation

In the Prussian monastic state :


In the independent Duchy of Mazovia (annexed by Poland in 1526):

literature

  • Udo Arnold : Common culinary rights. In: Author's Lexicon . Volume 5, Berlin a. a. 1985, Col. 547 f.
  • Dieter Heckmann : The Kulmer Privilege Book (1431-1456). Description for the purpose of development . In: Marie-Luise Heckmann and Jürgen Sarnowsky (eds.): Schriftlichkeit im Preußenland (= conference reports of the Historical Commission for East and West Prussian State Research. Vol. 30), Osnabrück: fiber-Verlag, 2020 ( [1] ), p. 187-209
  • Danuta Maria Janicka ( [2] ): Prawo karne w trzech rewizjach prawa chełmińskiego z XVI wieku , Toruń: TNT, 1992, ISBN 83-85196-50-1
  • Danuta Janicka : Nauka o winie i karze w dziejach klasycznej szkoły prawa karnego w Niemczech w 1 połowie XIX wieku , Toruń: Wydaw. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 1998, ISBN 83-231-0985-0
  • Peter Johanek : Old Kulm. In: Author's Lexicon . Vol. 2, Berlin a. a. 2nd edition 1978, col. 267-269
  • Ralf Päsler : German-language non-fiction literature in Prussia up to 1500. Investigations into its transmission , Cologne a. a. 2003, pp. 197, 222-224 and 243-252
  • Jus culmense ex ultima revisione, or the complete culmic law, with annotations , Danzig 1767 [3] [4]
  • Alexander Rogatschewski : On the history of the "Old Kulm" and other Prussian legal books based on St. Petersburg sources , in: RG Päsler / D. Schmidtke (Hg.): German-language literature of the Middle Ages in Eastern Europe. Research status and research perspectives, Heidelberg 2006, pp. 199–244

See also

credentials

  1. ↑ Transmission of the Kulm law up to around 1500 (manuscript census) ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cgi-host.uni-marburg.de