Mrągowo
| Mrągowo | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Mrągowo | ||
| Area : | 14.80 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 52 ' N , 21 ° 18' E | ||
| Residents : | 21,656 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 11-700 to 11-709 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NMR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 16 : ( Lithuania -) Ogrodniki - Ełk ↔ Olsztyn - Grudziądz - Dolna Grupa | ||
| DK 59 : Giżycko ↔ Rozogi | |||
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Ext. 591 : Michałkowo - Kętrzyn → Mrągowo Ext. 600 : Szczytno - Rybno → Mrągowo |
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| Rail route : | Czerwonka – Ełk , freight transport if necessary | ||
| Next international airport : | Warsaw | ||
| Danzig | |||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | city | ||
| Surface: | 14.81 km² | ||
| Residents: | 21,656 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 1462 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2810011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayoress : | Otolia Siemieniec | ||
| Address: | ul.Królewiecka 60 A 11-700 Mrągowo |
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| Website : | www.mragowo.um.gov.pl | ||
Mrągowo [ mrɔŋˈgɔvɔ ] (1945–1947 Ządźbork , German Sensburg , Masurian Ządźbork ) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the Powiat Mrągowski .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located about 60 kilometers east of the city of Allenstein ( Olsztyn ) on the edge of the Masurian Lake District in former East Prussia .
City structure
The town of Mrągowo is made up of eight districts:
- Old town
- Osiedle Brzozowe
- Osiedle Grunwaldzkie
- Osiedle Mazurskie
- Osiedle Medyk
- Osiedle Metalowców
- Osiedle Nikutowo
- Osiedle Parkowe
Neighboring communities
The urban area is surrounded by only one municipality: the rural municipality of Mrągowo , which does not belong to the city, but whose official seat is in the urban area.
history
Around 1348 the Teutonic Order built a wooden castle, the Sensburg, in the area of today's Mrągowo. However, its name indicates a previous older settlement ( Prussian "sena", "senas": old, ancient). A settlement developed through this castle, which was first mentioned in a document in 1397 and possibly received city charter according to Kulmer law as early as 1404 to 1407 . The (renewed) award of the town charter in 1444 by Grand Master Konrad von Jungingen is secured . The name of the place was already Sensburg at that time . The livelihood for the place was mainly provided by the surrounding forests and agriculture.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, fires destroyed the city several times, for example in 1568, 1693 and 1698. The plague raged in 1657, and from 1708 to 1711 a cholera epidemic raged in the city. During the Napoleonic Wars with Russia, the place was destroyed again.
In 1818 Sensburg became the seat of the district of Sensburg , and in 1897 the place was connected to the railway network. In the vote on July 11, 1920 in the Allenstein voting area , 3660 votes were cast in the city of Sensburg to remain with East Prussia (and thus with the German Reich) and none for Poland. In the district, 34,334 were for East Prussia and 25 for the connection to Poland .
Towards the end of World War II , the city was captured by the Red Army during the East Prussian Operation on January 26, 1945 , and around 20% of it was destroyed. On May 28, 1945 Sensburg was placed under Polish administration. Then the influx of Poles and Ukrainians began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line . The majority of the residents, if they had not already fled, were subsequently expelled .
From 1975 to 1998 the city was part of the Olsztyn Voivodeship .
Today it is a popular tourist destination with its surroundings.
Polish place name
The city was initially named Ządźbork in 1945 , in 1947 it was renamed Mrągowo in honor of the evangelical pastor and linguist Christoph Cölestin Mrongovius (1764–1855) .
Population development
| year | Check- residents |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | approx. 1,200 | |
| 1831 | 2.137 | partly Poland |
| 1875 | 3,321 | |
| 1880 | 3,611 | |
| 1890 | 3,562 | including 250 Catholics and 115 Jews |
| 1933 | 8,757 | |
| 1939 | 9,880 | |
| 2007 | 21,663 |
church
Evangelical
Church building
The former Protestant old parish church and today's St. Trinity Church ( Polish: Kościół św. Trócy ) at ul. Kościelna dates from 1734 and is the successor church to a church built in 1409. The four-storey west tower has been standing since 1705. In 1885 the apse was added.
The old furnishings are no longer there, as the church was rebuilt lower and shorter after it was destroyed by fire in 1945. Today the interior of the church is simple, modern and pragmatic.
Parish
As early as the beginning of the 16th century, the church was a place of worship where Lutheran preaching was held. Until 1945, the parish with its extensive parish belonged to the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Today the parish belongs to the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Church district Sensburg
Until 1945, Sensburg was also the seat of the superintendent for the parish of Sensburg, to which eleven parishes belonged:
| Surname | Change name from 1938 to 1945 |
Polish name |
|---|---|---|
| Old Ukta / Rudczanny | - / Lower Lake | Ukta / Ruciane (-Nida) |
|
Aweyden with whip village |
Nawiady with Piecki |
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| Barranowen | Hoverbeck | Baranowo |
| Calibration media | Nakomiady | |
| Nikolaiken | Mikołajki | |
| Ribben | Rybno | |
| Shimons | Schmidtsdorf | Szymonka |
| Sea hares | Szestno | |
| Sensburg | Mrągowo | |
| Sorquinces | Sorkwity | |
| Warpoon | Warpuny |
Roman Catholic
Church building
The Catholic St. Adalbert Church (Polish: Kościół św. Wojciecha) at ul. Królewiecka was built in 1860/61 and was built in neo-Gothic style. Multi-colored roof tiles were used as decoration back then. Today it is the oldest of the city's five Roman Catholic churches.
Parish
The parish was established on July 30, 1870. Until June 30, 1939 she belonged to the Deanery Masuria II in the Diocese of Warmia with the official seat in Johannisburg (Pisz in Polish), then until 1992 to the Deanery Bischofsburg , from 1945 "Biskupiec". Then Mrągowo became the seat of the Dean's Office.
Deanery districts Mrągowo I and II
Today Mrągowo is the official seat of two deaneries in the Archdiocese of Warmia :
| Surname | German name | Surname | German name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deanery Mrągowo I: | Deanery Mrągowo II: | |||
| Św. Rafał Kalinowski, Mrągowo |
St. Raphael Kalinowski, Sensburg |
Grabowo | Grabowen / Grabenhof | |
| Św. Wojciech, Mrągowo |
St. Adalbert, Sensburg |
Honorat Koźmiński, Mrągowo | Honorat Koźmiński, Sensburg |
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| Nawiady | Aweyden | Matka Boża Saletyńska, Mrągowo |
Mother of God of La Salette, Sensburg |
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| Piecki | Whip Village | Św. Pio z Pietrelciny, Mrągowo |
Pio from Pietrelciny, Sensburg |
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| Szestno | Sea hares | Rybno | Ribben | |
| Warpuny | Warpoon | Sorkwity | Sorquinces |
Polish Orthodox
Church building
The church of the Polish Orthodox Church at ul. Franklina D. Roosevelta was built in 1895/96. It served as a synagogue for the local Jewish community until 1939 . Today it is called the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord (Polish: Cerkiew Przemienienie Pańskie).
Parish
The parish of the Polish Orthodox Church ( Polish Autokefaliczny Kościół Prawosławny ) in Mrągowo is assigned to the Deanery Olsztyn (Allenstein) of the diocese of Białystok-Danzig .
politics
coat of arms
There is a legend about the origin of the coat of arms. As the city grew in the 15th century, the residents' herds were endangered by wild animals from the surrounding forests. Among them was a bear who regularly tore cattle or stole honey. After unsuccessful attempts to kill the animal, it was eventually pursued by military units. They only wounded the animal with one shot in the paw and the bear was able to flee. After a persecution, the animal was shot near Rastenburg . To prove that it really was the animal in question, its paw was brought to Sensburg.
Town twinning
- Grünberg , Germany - since 1993
- Limanowa , Poland - since 2006
- Remscheid , Germany - since 2015
- Zelenogradsk ( Cranz ), Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia
Attractions
- well-preserved old town
- Protestant St. Trinity Church ( Polish Kościół św. Trójcy ) from the 18th century
- St. Adalbert Church (in Polish Kościół św. Wojciecha) from the 19th century
- Town hall from 1825
- The German Protestant cemetery, which the Ernst Wiechert Association is committed to preserving.
- Bismarck Tower
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
Sorted by year of birth
- Georg Riedel (1676–1738), composer
- Friedrich Krosta (1839–1914), philologist
- Otto Krosta (1844–1925), General Physician of the Prussian Army
- Arthur Titius (1864–1936), evangelical theologian
- Hans Hallervorden (1872–1965), garden inspector
- Bernhard Pawelcik (1880–1970), administrative lawyer, mayor of the town of Marienburg
- Ernst Wiechert (1887–1950), poet
- Richard von Hegener (1905–1981), high-ranking Nazi official
- Heinz Duddeck (1928–2017), civil engineer
- Irnfried Rabe (* 1943), politician (FDP), mayor of Northeim
- Barbara Ahrons (* 1944), member of the Hamburg parliament
- Dagmar Chidolue (* 1944), writer
- Joachim Philipkowski (* 1961), soccer player at FC St. Pauli and 1. FC Nürnberg
- Wojciech Malajkat (* 1963), actor and director
Connected to the city
- Julius Rimarski (1849–1935), pastor and superintendent in Sensburg from 1895 to 1925
Rural municipality of Mrągowo
The rural community Mrągowo, to which the city itself does not belong, covers an area of 294.87 km² and has 7991 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 42, No. 6.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 510, no.103.
- Max Toeppen : History of Masuria - A contribution to the Prussian state and cultural history. 1870, reprint 1979, pp. 98-104 (540 pages).
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have been admitted to the Lutheran Churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 293-294.
Web links
- Official website of the city (multilingual)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Website of the city, Burmistrz Miasta Mrągowo ( Memento of the original of February 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 24, 2015
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Ed .: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 115.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 42, No. 6.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 510, no.103.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sensburg.html # ew33senssens. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Central Statistical Office: Ludność - stan i Struktura w przekroju terytorialnym / Population - size and structure by territorial division, as of June 30, 2007 (Polish, English; PDF). ( Memento from February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2 Pictures of East Prussian Churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 140.
- ^ A b Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 documents. Göttingen 1968, pp. 501-502.
- ^ Churches in Sensburg
- ↑ The parish of św. Wojciecha ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ VdG: In Sensburg they want to save the old cemetery ( Memento of the original from May 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Bismarck Tower Sensburg (bismarcktuerme.de)
