Sorkwity
| Sorkwity | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Mrągowo | ||
| Gmina : | Sorkwity | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 51 ' N , 21 ° 9' E | ||
| Residents : | 642 (Nov. 2012) | ||
| Postal code : | 11-731 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NMR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 16 : Grudziądz - Olsztyn - Biskupiec ↔ Mrągowo - Ełk - Augustów - Ogrodniki (- Lithuania ) | ||
| Warpuny - Pustniki - Stary Gieląd → Sorkwity | |||
| Rozogi - Maradki → Sorkwity | |||
| Rail route : | Czerwonka – Ełk (not in operation) | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Warsaw | |||
Sorkwity [ sɔrkˈfitɨ ] ( German Sorquitten ) is a village in the powiat Mrągowski of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the rural community of the same name with 4568 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
geography
The village of Sorkwity lies on a headland between the Jezioro Lampackie (Sorquitter Lake, Lampatzki Lake) and the Jezioro Gielądzkie (Gehlandsee) . The district town of Mrągowo (Sensburg) is nine kilometers northeast.
Place name
The original name Sarkewitte is derived from the nearby small Sark lake. The common place name component witte in place names means as much as place , so that the meaning of Sorquitten would have to be described with place (place) on the Sark lake .
history
Sorquitten was founded in 1379 as a feudal estate Sarkewitte of the Teutonic Order , when Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode assigned land to the brothers Christian and Otto von Oelsen at this point. From 1451 to 1459 the estate (2250 ha) belonged to Jan von Krenit Przebędowski. He then sold it to Georg von Schlieben , whose family had their headquarters in Gerdauen . The church was first mentioned in 1470. Later owners were from 1599 Sigismund von Eggloffstein (it remained in his family until 1693) and from 1693 to the von der Groeben family , from whom the von Bronikowski family inherited it in 1750 and ran it until 1804.
Ernst Friedrich Gottlob von Mirbach (1753–1823) from Courland appeared in 1804 as a buyer. He and his successors from the von Mirbach family ultimately brought the estate to economic prosperity. The son and heir, Julius Theodor von Mirbach (1804-1862) had the large castle built in the Tudor-Castle-Gothic style with a varied brick facade from 1850 to 1856 and surrounded by an extensive landscaped park on the lake to his wife Ulrike von Mirbach, geb. von Elditt (1816–1880), go back. His son, Julius Ulrich von Mirbach (1804–1921), member of the Reichstag, district deputy and forest and hunting expert, was raised to the rank of count in 1888; he enlarged the estate, u. a. through the purchase of the small neighboring property Heinrichshöfen in 1865, on 5770 ha (1904). His legacy in 1921 was his nephew Kapitänleutnant Freiherr Bernhard von Paleske (1877–1962), the last German owner until 1945. He left Sorquitten Castle, which burned out on the night of August 27-28, 1914, in its old form in 1922 and 1923 restore.
For April 8, 1874 was a during Prussian municipal reform a new office district Sorquitten in Sensburg formed the
- Alt Gehland (Polish: Stary Gieląd),
- Charlotten (Szarłaty),
- Large trunk (Stama),
- Janowen (Janowo),
- Lasken (Młynik),
- Neberg (Nibork) and
- New Gehland (Nowy Gieląd)
and the estates
- Great Joachimowen,
- Gross Kosarken-Dönhoffstädt (Kozarek Wielki),
- Great Kosarken-Wehlack (Kozarek Mały),
- Heinrichshöfen (Jędrychowo),
- Little Gehland (Gieląd Mały),
- Klein Joachimowen and
- Sorquinces
included.
On September 1, 1898, a now disused railway line was opened between Bischofsburg and Sensburg . Sorquitten was connected to the railway network by its own stop, which meant a further upswing for the place.
On December 1, 1910, there were officially 392 residents in Sorquitten. On September 30, 1928, the Sorquitten estate merged with the Groß Joachimowen, Klein Joachimowen and Millucken estate to form the new rural municipality of Sorquitten. In 1933 there were already 427 inhabitants in Sorquitten. By 1939 the population rose to 455.
Based on the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Sorquitten belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether it would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Sorquitten, 240 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not cast any votes.
Sorquitten belonged to the Duchy of Prussia until 1701, to the Kingdom of Prussia from 1701 to 1918 and to the German Empire (Province of East Prussia ) from 1871 to 1945 . After the end of the Second World War , Sorquitten fell to Poland in 1945, like the entire southern part of East Prussia, which had been conquered by the Red Army . The resident German population, unless they had fled westward from the Red Army, was largely expelled after the end of the war. In addition to the traditional Masurian minority , who were allowed to stay, new citizens from other parts of Poland were settled. The place Sorquitten was renamed Sorkwity according to the Polish phonetic formation.
From 1975 to 1998 the place belonged to the former Olsztyn Voivodeship and then came under a Polish territorial reform to the larger Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, which essentially corresponds to the Polish part of the former East Prussia.
In 2006 there were 770 residents in Sorkwity.
church
Evangelical
There was already a church in Sorquitten in the pre-Reformation period. It was founded in 1470. A first pastor was mentioned in 1494. The Reformation gained a foothold here relatively early , and to this day the baroque stone church built at the end of that century is a Protestant church. After 1945, the evacuation and expulsion of the local population severely affected the life of the Protestant parish. However, only a small number of parishioners managed to bring new life to the old parish church, which is now anchored in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .
Catholic
Before 1945 there were very few Catholics in the Sorquitten area. They had to travel a long way to attend Sunday mass : until 1894 to the parish church in Bischofsburg ( Biskupiec Reszelski in Polish ), then to the parish church in Kobulten ( Kobułty ) and from 1907 to the parish church in Stanislewo (1931 to 1945 Sternsee , Polish Stanclewo ). From 1945 onwards, the situation changed when numerous new Polish citizens settled in Sorkwity, most of them of Catholic denomination. A parish was established here, which received the status of a parish on October 1, 1989, and whose parish church is today at 20 Szkolna Street. It is dedicated to Albert Chmielowski ( Polish Święty Brat Albert ). It is assigned to the Archdiocese of Warmia .
Buildings
lock
At the northern end of Lake Lampasch (Jezioro Lampackie) there is a castle built in 1788 for the then lord of the manor, Johann Sigismund von Oppeln-Bronikowski . The brick building used to be the center of the Sorquitten estate. In the years 1850 to 1856, under the landlord Julius von Mirbach, a conversion in the neo-Gothic castle style of an English mansion took place. The castle walls have been crowned with battlements ever since. The so-called Wagenhaus stands as a separate building next to the main building.
The castle has an English-style landscaped park, which has its shape from the 19th century. It is determined by old oaks and a number of other tree species that are protected .
During the First World War, on August 26, 1914, the first day of the Battle of Tannenberg between the invading Samsonov Army and the German defenders, Russian soldiers stayed in the castle, which caught fire, and on the night of August 27-28, 1914 burned out with all precious inventory. In 1922/1923 it was rebuilt by the last German landlord under the supervision of the Berlin architect Otto Rüger. The building survived the Second World War largely unscathed, only the interior was lost due to looting in 1945.
After 1945 the castle was used as an administration and warehouse for the now Polish estate administration. In 1957 it became the rest home of the Warsaw machine factory Ursus . Today the palace and park are privately owned again; The two-star Hotel Pałac Sorkwity is located in the castle . In June 2012, the castle appeared uninhabited, a hotel was not recognizable.
Protestant church
A church was first mentioned in Sorquitten in 1470, and its own pastor's position has been recorded from 1494. The first previous building was a thatched half-timbered church, which was demolished in 1600 and then replaced by the baroque church (without choir) made of field stones, donated by the manor. The church is still used today by Protestant Christians around Sorkwity.
The sacristy with the eastern part of the church was built between 1593 and 1607, the western part was built around 1698/1699. The tower dates from the years 1701 to 1712. In the years 1750 to 1777 there were further alterations in which semicircular windows and inside the barrel vault supported on four pairs of small Corinthian columns were built. (According to the parish, the renovation was completed in 1754.) Since then, the church has not changed significantly in its external appearance.
Isaak Riga designed large parts of the interior decoration around 1701 with the pulpit, baptismal angel, upper part and veil of the altar. The altar itself was designed by Friedrich Pfeffer from Königsberg in the late Renaissance style from wood, bears the year 1642 and includes a carving created in 1623 by Christoph Bilich and Martin Lange, which depicts Golgotha . Fishermen and farmers, as they were typical for Sorquitten, are shown as well as the castle of the manor and the two church patrons Moses and Aaron . Christ's Last Supper can be seen on the predella under the altarpiece . In the altarpiece there is a relief showing the entombment of Christ and the evangelists Mark and Luke . The altar was restored in 1941.
A wooden, painted baptismal angel hangs from the ceiling of the church in front of the altar, donated by Georg Dietrich von der Groeben and created in 1701 by Isaak Riga together with the gilder Johann Bock. The figure can be lowered with a cable if necessary .
The baroque crucifix, which was partially destroyed in 1945, was designed by Pastor Johann Riedl in 1708.
The organ was built in 1875 by the organ building company Wilhelm Sauer from Frankfurt (Oder) as Opus 212.
The representation of the Ascension of Christ in the ceiling painting should be emphasized , where only the lower body of Jesus can be seen with the legs, while the upper body has already symbolically pierced the ceiling of the church.
After the Second World War, the interior of the church was supplemented with items from the completely dilapidated church of Kobulten, a place near the Bishop's Castle.
Just as there were occasional additional services in Polish up until 1936, today, in addition to those in Polish, some in German are also offered once a month.
Goercke memorial stone
In the churchyard there is a restored memorial stone with a fence, which reminds of the Prussian general staff doctor Johann Goercke (1750–1822, son of pastor Johann Goercke, who officiated here 1743–1758), who was the founder of the modern Prussian military medical service. The memorial stone was donated in 1860 and replaced by a new one in 1913 due to severe deterioration.
local community
The rural community (gmina wiejska) Sorkwity with an area of 184.56 km² includes the village itself and 19 other villages with school administration offices (sołectwa).
Personalities
- Johann Goercke (born May 3, 1750 in Sorquitten), Prussian general staff doctor († 1822)
- Julius von Mirbach-Sorquitten (born June 27, 1839 at Gut Sorquitten, † June 26, 1921 ibid), German ruler and conservative politician, representative of bimetallism
- Janusz Jagucki (born February 14, 1947 in Sorkwity), Polish Lutheran theologian, long-time bishop of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .
literature
- Leaflet Die Evangelische Kirche in Sorquitten , edited by Pastor Krzysztof Mutschmann, Parafia Ewangelicko-Augsburga w Sorkwitach, available for take-away in the church July 2010.
Web links
- Municipality website (Polish)
- Material on Sorquitten Castle in the Duncker Collection of the Central and State Library Berlin (PDF; 251 kB)
- German-Polish Foundation for Cultural Preservation and Monument Protection : Organ restoration
Individual evidence
- ↑ Website of the municipality, Mieszkańcy , accessed on February 25, 2015
- ^ A b Rolf Jehke, Sorquitten District
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 115
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church of East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 501
- ^ Church in Sorquitten at ostpreussen.net
- ↑ Parafia św. Brata Alberta in Sorkwity
- ^ Private East Prussia website
- ^ Website of the Krutynia route for tours by canoe
- ^ Website of the Tourist Information Center in Mrągowo
- ↑ Travel report from Anna Barbara Woyno