Kobułty

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Kobułty
Kobułty does not have a coat of arms
Kobułty (Poland)
Kobułty
Kobułty
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Olsztyn
Gmina : Biskupiec
Geographic location : 53 ° 48 '  N , 21 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 47 '59 "  N , 21 ° 1' 46"  E
Residents : 402 (2011)
Postal code : 11-300
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NOL
Economy and Transport
Street : Borki Wielkie / DK 16 ↔ Popowa Wola - Kałęczyn / ext. 600
Mojtyny - Chmielówka ↔ Rudziska / DK 57 (- Biskupiec )
Łąka Dymerska → Kobułty
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Kobułty ( German  Kobulten ) is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . It belongs to the urban and rural community of Biskupiec (Bishop's Castle) in Powiat Olsztyński ( Allenstein District ).

Geographical location

Kobułty is located in the middle of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , 27 kilometers north of the former district town of Ortelsburg ( Szczytno in Polish ) and 37 kilometers east of the current district metropolis of Olsztyn ( Allenstein in German ).  

Entrance to Kobułty
Village street
Village pond

history

Local history

The first documented evidence of the existence of Kobults can be found in 1406, when Philipp von Wildenau renewed the lost handhold over ten hooves for his servant Mathes zu Bössin . After the death of Philip von Wildenau , his goods were confiscated by the Teutonic Order . In the 16th century, members of the Küchmeister von Sternberg family appeared as owners of the estate, which was sold to Hans Jakob Pomianna von Dittrichsdorf in 1671 "because of indebtedness" . Changing owners were then landowners for decades. The last three were members of the von Greve and Knauff families and Knauff's heirs.

In the middle of the 19th century, the district administrator von Rößel ( Reszel in Polish ), Freiherr von Schroetter , acquired land in Kobulten and moved from Rheindorfshof ( Wólka Ryńska in Polish ) here. Amazingly, he received the royal approval to relocate his office and the associated district authorities from Rößel to the nearby Bischofsburg , the southernmost town in the Rößel district , because from there it was closer to his new place of residence.

1874 Kobulten office Village and thus its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and for district Szczytno in the Administrative district Königsberg (1905: Administrative district Allenstein ) in the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged.

In 1910 there were 543 registered residents in the village of Kobulten and 90 in the Kobulten manor district . Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population voted in the referendums in East and West Prussia on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Kobulten (village and estate), 420 people voted to stay with East Prussia, and Poland received 20 votes.

On September 30, 1928 the village and estate merged to form the new rural community of Kobulten. In the years after the First World War , Kobulten experienced an economic upswing. In 1937 there were: a grinding mill, a manufactured goods store, two inns with grocery stores, a hairdressing salon, two bakeries, a butcher, a joinery, two blacksmiths, a cartwright, a saddler, two tailors, a shoemaker and two house painters. The population of the united rural community was 744 in 1933 and 753 in 1939.

In 1945 Kobulten was transferred to Poland in the wake of the war with all of southern East Prussia and was given the Polish form of name "Kobułty". Today the village is part of the urban and rural community of Biskupiec (Bishop's Castle) , which belongs to the Olsztyński Powiat ( Olsztyn District ), until 1998 the Olsztyn Voivodeship , and since then the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship . In 2011, 402 residents were registered in Kobułty. The manor house built in the second half of the 18th century was a building with a sloping roof . In 1945 it was destroyed.

District Kobulten (1874–1945)

Initially 13 communities or manor districts belonged to the Kobulten district:

German name Changed name from
1938 to 1945		 Polish name Remarks
Bottowen Bottau Botowo
Dimming Dymer
Dombrowken Dąbrówka Kobułcka 1928 incorporated into Groß Borken
Big bark Borki Wielkie
Haasenberg Labuszewo
Small parlous (from 1928:)
Parloping		 Parleza Mała 1928 incorporated into Parlösewolka
Kobulten (village) Kobułty
Kobulten (Good) 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Kobulten together with Dimmernwiese
Parlous clouds (from 1928:)
Parloping		 Stara Wólka Joined Parleza Mała in 2008
Rudzisks (from 1928 :)
Rudau		 Rudziska
Saadau (village) Sadowo
Saadau (good) 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Saadau
Wilhelmsthal Rudne

On January 1, 1945, the Kobulten district still included: Bottau, Dimmern, Groß Borken, Haasenberg, Kobulten, Parlosen, Rudau and Saadau.

church

Evangelical

Church building

Ruin of the evangelical church

Only an unused ruin of the Protestant church in Kobulten remains today. They are the remains of a classical hall building with a tower on the western gable side. Karl Friedrich Schinkel prepared the building design . The building was built between 1830 and 1832 and was the successor to a dilapidated church from the 16th century.

Parish

There was a Protestant parish in Kobulten as early as the 16th century. The church patronage was last held by the state authorities. In 1925 the parish had 2400 parishioners who lived in a medium-sized parish . Until 1945 the church Kobulten belonged to the superintendent district Passenheim (Polish: Pasym ) of the parish of Ortelsburg ( Szczytno ) in the church province of East Prussia of the church of the Old Prussian Union . Today Kobulten belongs to the Evangelical Church Sorkwity in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland

Catholic

Catholic Church of St. Joseph

Church building

The St. Joseph Church in Kobulten was built from 1897 to 1899 as a neo-Gothic brick building based on a design by Friedrich Heitmann , the original furnishings of which have largely been preserved.

Parish

Until 1894 Kobulten was a parish after Bischofsburg (Polish Biskupiec ). A church was built for the then founded community, which served as a parish church for a large district. It is now part of the Biskupiec Reszelski deanery in the Archdiocese of Warmia of the Roman Catholic Church .

school

The Kobulter School was a two-class community school. The first teaching post was occupied by a Protestant, the second by a Catholic teacher. The school-leaving boys had to attend vocational school in winter and summer, the school-leaving girls received cooking lessons in the winter half-year.

traffic

Street

Kobułty is conveniently located on a side road that connects the Polish state road 16 (former German Reichsstraße 127 ) near Borki Wielkie ( German  Groß Borken ) with the voivodship road 600 near Kałęczyn (Kallenczin , 1938 to 1945 Kallenau) . Another side street leads from Mojtyny (Moythienen) to Landesstraße 57 (former Reichsstraße 128 ) near Rudziska (Rudzisken , 1928 to 1945 Rudau) .

rail

Former station building

In 1908 Kobulten was a train station on the Czerwonka – Szczytno railway line ( German  Rothfließ – Ortelsburg ). After eighty years, this route was initially closed to passenger and then to freight traffic. The railway systems have been dismantled since 2015. The area around Kobułty is now decoupled from rail traffic .

Personalities

Bernhard Knauff (1855–1933) was a notable personality among the landowners on Kobulten . In 1883 he founded the first East Prussian Raiffeisen Association in Kobulten . Cooperative loan finance for agricultural investments made it possible to harness more land. The proportion of fallow land in the Ortelsburg district, for example, fell. B. from 1878 to 1927 by more than 19%.

Web links

Commons : Kobułty  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wieś Kobułty w liczbach
  2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 484
  3. ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Register of Places East Prussia (2005): Kobulten
  4. ↑ a b c d e Kobulten at the Ortelsburg district community
  5. ↑ a b c d Kobułty - Kobulten at ostpreussen.net
  6. ↑ a b c Rolf Jehke, Kobulten district
  7. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Ortelsburg district
  8. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 109
  9. ^ Michael Rademacher, local book, Ortelsburg district
  10. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2, Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen 1968, p. 130, Fig. 612–614
  11. ↑ Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church of East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 497
  12. ↑ Kobułty Parish