Olsztyn administrative district

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Government building in Allenstein, 1908–1911 by Richard Saran

The district of Allenstein was from 1905 to 1945 an administrative district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . Today its territory belongs to the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

history

Administrative division of East Prussia 1905 to 1920:
  • Koenigsberg administrative district
  • Gumbinnen district
  • Olsztyn administrative district
    • Administrative division of East Prussia from 1878 to 1905:
  • Koenigsberg administrative district
  • Gumbinnen district

    • The Olsztyn administrative district was established in 1905 as the third East Prussian administrative district. The aim of this measure was, among other things, the cultural and economic promotion of Masuria . It was formed from parts of the Gumbinnen administrative district and the Königsberg administrative district. With Masuria, southern Warmia and the Oberland (Warmia-Masuria) , the administrative district covered an area of ​​11,711 km² in 1905. The seat of the district president was in Olsztyn .

    After the First World War and the Versailles Peace Treaty , part of the Neidenburg district had to be ceded to Poland without a referendum : the strategically important Warsaw – Gdańsk railway was located in the Soldau area . After the referendum on July 11, 1920 (see Allenstein voting area ), the border towns of Groschlen, Klein Nappern and Klein Lobenstein in the Osterode district were also ceded. The area of ​​the administrative district was reduced to 11,520 km² as a result of these territorial losses.

    After the Second World War , the territory of the Olsztyn administrative district was placed under Polish administration. The German population was then largely expelled on the basis of the so-called Bierut decrees .

    Development of the population

    • 1925: 540,290, including 40,200 residents with Masurian and 13,700 with Polish as their mother tongue
    Olsztyn administrative district
    year 1910 1925 1933 1939
    Residents 518,682 540.287 552,541 568.024

    Administrative structure

    City and rural districts

    Reg.Bez.
    until 1905    		 City / district Residents surface Population density Municipalities,
    cities / spots / municipalities
    Koenigsberg Olsztyn district 050,396 53.13 km² 856.6 inh / km² 1/0/0
    Koenigsberg Olsztyn district 057,150 1302.58 km² 43.9 inh / km² 1/0/130
    Gumbinnen District of Johannisburg 053,089 1684.02 km² 31.5 inh / km² 3/2/168
    Gumbinnen Lötzen district 050,012 897.38 km² 55.7 inh / km² 2/1/87
    Gumbinnen District of Lyck 056,417 1115.08 km² 50.6 inh / km² 1/4/154
    Koenigsberg Neidenburg district 039,730 1146.11 km² 34.7 inh / km² 1/2/110
    Koenigsberg Ortelsburg district 073,442 1702.84 km² 43.1 inh / km² 3/5/156
    Koenigsberg District of Osterode 081,513 1536.25 km² 53.1 inh / km² 4/1/168
    Koenigsberg Rößel district 051,832 850.84 km² 60.9 inh / km² 4/0/81
    Gumbinnen Sensburg district 054,443 1231.53 km² 44.2 inh / km² 2/2/122
    total 568.024 11519.76 km² 49.3 inh / km² 22/17/1176

    District President

    language

    According to the 1910 census, the linguistic situation in the individual districts of the Olsztyn administrative district was as follows:

    1910 census population German Masurian Polish Bilingual
    Olsztyn administrative district 543,469 274,320 50.48% 175.016 32.20% 73.154 13.46% 19,532 3.59%
    Olsztyn city 33,077 29,344 88.71% 99 0.30% 2,249 6.80% 1,325 4.01%
    Olsztyn Land 57,919 22,825 39.41% 520 0.90% 32,766 56.57% 1,782 3.08%
    Johannisburg 51,399 16,379 31.87% 29,141 56.70% 4,203 8.18% 1,620 3.15%
    Soldering 41.209 26,352 63.95% 11,412 27.69% 1,595 3.87% 1,802 4.37%
    Elk 55,579 27,138 48.83% 19,407 34.92% 6,348 11.42% 2,590 4.66%
    Neidenburg 59,416 20,871 35.13% 25,150 42.33% 10,462 17.61% 2,645 4.45%
    Ortelsburg 69,935 20,218 28.91% 43,513 62.22% 3,390 4.85% 2,463 3.52%
    Osterode 74,666 43,508 58.27% 26,695 35.75% 2.130 2.85% 2,279 3.05%
    Rössel 50,472 43,189 85.57% 48 0.10% 6,512 12.90% 1.42% 1.42%
    Sensburg 50.097 24,496 48.90% 19,031 37.99% 3,499 6.98% 2,310 4.61%

    literature

    • Klaus von der Groeben : The country of East Prussia. Self-preservation, self-development, self-administration 1750 to 1945. (= sources on administrative history. 7). Lorenz von Stein Institute, Kiel 1993, DNB 930875869 .
    • Rüdiger Döhler : Corps students in the administration of East Prussia. In: then and now. Volume 54, 2009, pp. 240-246.

    Web links

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ The Big Brockhaus. 15th edition. 1st volume, Leipzig 1928, p. 30.
    2. ^ Statistical yearbooks for the German Empire. In: DigiZeitschriften. Retrieved December 7, 2019 .
    3. ↑ Home Atlas for the Province of East Prussia. Weltbild publishing group, Augsburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8289-0832-1 .
    4. ↑ s. Allenstein voting area
    5. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]).