Pasym

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pasym
Coat of arms of Pasym
Pasym (Poland)
Pasym
Pasym
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Szczycieński
Gmina : Pasym
Area : 15.18  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 39 '  N , 20 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 39 '3 "  N , 20 ° 47' 31"  E
Residents : 2503 (June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 12-130
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NSZ
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 53 : Olsztyn ↔ Szczytno - Myszyniec - Ostrołęka
Dźwierzuty - Grzegrzółki → Pasym
Jedwabno - Burdąg → Pasym
Rail route : Olsztyn – Ełk
Next international airport : Danzig



Pasym [ ˈpaʃɨm ] ( German Passenheim ) is a town in the powiat Szczycieński in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 5309 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

The settlement Pasym (Osada) belongs to it .

Geographical location

Partial view of the city from a bird's eye view with a view of the Protestant church from the 14th century, which is a listed building

The place is surrounded by about Mazury belonging Mazury between Jezioro Kalwa (Big Kalbensee) and Jezioro Leleskie (Lehleskersee) , about 28 kilometers southeast of the city of Olsztyn (Allenstein) and 15 kilometers northwest of the town of Szczytno (Szczytno) .

Pasym (Osada)

South-east of the city center of Pasym on the road to Jedwabno (1938 to 1945 Gedwangen ) and directly on the Olsztyn – Ełk railway line is a small hamlet ( Osada in Polish ), which consists of only a few houses. It is not known whether this settlement existed before 1945. A German name is also not known. Today the settlement is considered a locality within the urban and rural municipality of Pasym.

history

Local history

Old brick building of the town hall in the town square. In front of the town hall there used to be a German war memorial for those killed in the First World War . (Photo taken in 2009).
Plastered town hall building (photo 2012).
Old courthouse, built 1904–1908.
Railway stop (photo 2008).

In contrast to other local foundations in the Great Wilderness of the former Prussengaus Galinden at the beginning of the 14th century, the settlement that arose on an isthmus between the Kalben and Lehleskersee lakes was not founded in the soft image of a castle of the Teutonic Order . Rather, the settlement of the village called Heinrichswalde around 1336 is attributed to the bishop of the Warmia, which is independent of the order, Heinrich von Luter. The village church was built in 1336. It was not until 1350 that the Teutonic Order built a castle near the settlement instead of a Prussian complex from the 6th century, and in 1379 he took over the sovereignty over Heinrichswalde himself and made it subordinate to the Elbing Commandery . A fortified church was built between 1350 and 1391. Due to the positive economic development, in 1386 the Grand Master of the Order, Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein , granted the town town charter according to Kulm law and gave it the new name Bassenheim in honor of the order’s governor and Supreme Spittler of the order, Siegfried Walpot von Bassenheim later developed Passenheim. The first mayor was Tiele Scheuenpflug who, with the support of Oberste Spittler, developed the town into an economic center of the region.

During the so-called hunger war that broke out in 1414 , Passenheim was captured and plundered by Polish troops. In 1441 the city joined the Prussian Confederation , which defended itself against the financial exploitation of the cities by the Teutonic Order. During the last military uprising of the order against Poland in the so-called equestrian war , Passenheim was occupied by Polish troops in 1521. With the conversion of the Order State into the Duchy of Prussia in 1525, the spiritual commanderies were also replaced by secular district administrations. Passenheim was assigned to the Oberland district with Saalfeld as the official seat and subordinated to the Ortelsburg main office.

A major fire in 1583 destroyed large parts of the city, only the castle, the church and nine houses were spared.

Around 1600 a violent dispute broke out with the neighboring town of Ortelsburg over tapping and brewing rights. The Ortelsburg governor von Eulenburg wanted to give these privileges to the city of Ortelsburg, but Passenheim feared for its economic position. The clashes lasted for several years and reached their climax with a battle of arms in the open field. Only with the "foundation privilege" of Elector Johann Sigismund on March 23, 1616 ended the conflict in favor of Ortelsburg. In the same year the Ordensburg was demolished and its stones were used to build the town hall.

By the middle of the 17th century, Passenheim had about 300 inhabitants. Tatar auxiliaries of the Polish army, which had set out for the 2nd Swedish-Polish War , attacked the city on November 19, 1656 and destroyed it by pillage. The Prussian historian Christoph Hartknoch (1644–1687) lived with his family in Passenheim and fell victim to the Polish auxiliary troops.

The plague epidemic that broke out in the country between 1709 and 1711 claimed 200 lives in Passenheim. The relocation of a Prussian garrison to Passenheim in 1742 provided an economic boost. In 1746 a total of 14 town houses were destroyed by fire. As early as 1751, another fire destroyed almost half the city in a short time. One reason for the rapid spread of the fire were the roofs in Passenheim that were covered with straw, reed or wooden shingles. The fire damage to the church should actually be repaired quickly, but the planning dragged on until 1763 and even after that it took a few years until the church was completely repaired again in 1773.

The Prussian administrative reform of 1752 assigned Passenheim to the newly created Neidenburg district . During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) the city was occupied by Russian troops. During the Napoleonic occupation of Prussia, Napoleon stayed in the Passenheim rectory for a few days in February 1807. The new administrative reform from 1815 brought another new district allocation for Passenheim. On February 1, 1818, the new district of Ortelsburg began its activities and now also administered Passenheim. In 1854 the city built a new town hall in neo-Gothic style, which in future would be the center of the town. In 1859 the construction of the road from Allenstein via Passenheim to Ortelsburg began.

Although the Olsztyn – Johannisburg railway, which was opened in 1883, passed Passenheim about three kilometers to the south due to its geographically unfavorable location, the last quarter of the 19th century was also characterized by the industrial boom here. In 1848 there had been several craftsmen revolts due to the deteriorating social situation, but by the turn of the century over 70 craftsmen had established themselves, there were several sawmills, a sand-lime brick factory, a mill and a dairy cooperative. In 1899 an acetylene gas plant started operations, in 1904 a slaughterhouse and in 1911 a waterworks. As early as 1876, the Catholic community built its own church on the site of the former Ordensburg. The number of inhabitants rose from 1,956 in 1885 to 2,074 in 1910.

While the district town of Ortelsburg was completely destroyed in the First World War , Passenheim remained undamaged. When by the Treaty of Versailles arranged referendum on the membership to East Prussia and Poland on July 11, 1920 1,459 residents voted to remain in East Prussia, 40 for Poland. In the 1920s, a power station, a new post office and new buildings for the Protestant and Catholic school were built. With the rise of tourism, Passenheim developed into a climatic health resort and a center for water and winter sports. The population rose again, in 1939 there were 2,409 people in the city.

Towards the end of the Second World War , Passenheim was captured by the Red Army in January 1945 and was badly damaged. Soon after the occupation by the Soviet troops, Passenheim was placed under Polish administration together with the southern half of East Prussia . Then the immigration of Polish civilians began. As far as the inhabitants had not fled, most of them were expelled or later forcibly evacuated. The name of the place was changed to Pasym , the town charter was revoked until 1997.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1782 nearly 900 without the garrison (a squadron of dragoons )
1802 0876
1810 0755
1816 0858 including 850 Evangelicals and eight Catholics (no Jews)
1821 1,051
1831 1,049 mostly Poland
1852 1,451
1885 1.956
1905 2,085 including 649 Catholics and 35 Jews
1910 2,074
1933 2,508
1939 2,409
2011 2,537
2019 2,503

church

The church in Passenheim was founded in the pre-Reformation period. A first church was built here between 1350 and 1391. With the Reformation , the congregation took over the Lutheran creed.

Evangelical

The Evangelical Church in Pasym

The current church was built in the last quarter of the 15th century. It is a brick building without a choir on a field stone foundation . The tower as well as the sacristy and the vestibule were added in the first quarter of the 16th century. The church has valuable interior fittings of the altar , pulpit and baptismal font as well as an original organ prospectus from the workshop of Johann Josua Mosengel . A larger than life crucifix from the 15th century has also been preserved. In 2016 the 625th anniversary of the church was celebrated.

As early as the early 16th century, two clergymen were serving simultaneously in Passenheim. Until 1945 the parish belonged to the parish of Ortelsburg (Polish: Szczytno ) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Because the church district was one of the largest in terms of numbers and area in East Prussia, it was divided into the superintendent district of Ortelsburg and the superintendent district of Passenheim on January 1, 1916 . The churches in Groß Schöndamerau ( Trelkowo ), Klein Jerutten ( Jerutki ) with Schwentainen ( Świętajno ), Kobulten ( Kobulty ), Mensguth ( Dźwierzuty ), Puppen ( Spychowo ), Rheinswein ( Rańsk ), Theerwisch ( Targowo ) with Jabklonken ( Targowo ) belonged to Passenheim. Jabłonka ) and Passenheim itself.

After 1945 the church was preserved as one of the few in East Prussia belonging to the Protestant community. The parish is now incorporated into the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

Roman Catholic

The Catholic Church in Pasym

The foundation stone for the current Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was laid on September 17, 1873 in Passenheim . After three years - on June 22nd, 1876 - the Warmian bishop Philipp Krementz consecrated the church. There is an in neo-gothic built style brick building with initially introduced Tower.

In 1868 a Roman Catholic community was formed in Passenheim in addition to the Protestant community. Previously, the Catholic church members had been cared for from Groß Purden ( Purda ). A curator took over the service in Passenheim, although the masses were initially held in a prayer room set up as an oratorium . The parish that was established after the church was built was part of the Masurian Deanery I in the Diocese of Warmia .

Today Pasym is no longer just a parish, but also the seat of the deanery named after him . The parishes are incorporated : Dźwierzuty (Mensguth) , Giławy (Gillau) , Grom (Grammen) , Jedwabno (Jedwabno , Gedwangen 1938 to 1945 ) , Nowy Dwór (Neuhof) , Targowo (Theerwisch) and Pasym. The deanery belongs to the Archdiocese of Warmia within the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .

Attractions

  • The Evangelical Church from the 15th century and the Roman Catholic Church from the 19th century

politics

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Pasym

Blazon : "Standing in silver under a red decorative arch, the crowned Mother of God in blue robe with the child on her left arm, holding a golden scepter in her right hand."

The depiction of S. CIVITATIS BASSENHEIM, documented in 1441, corresponds entirely to the graceful forms of this time, while a SIG. CIVIT. PASSENHEIM AO 1656 looks quite sober because both the portal and the crown of the Queen of Heaven have been removed.

Partnerships

local community

The town itself and 14 villages with school boards belong to the town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Pasym with an area of ​​149.4 km².

traffic

Station building Pasym

Street

Pasym is located on the busy national road 53 , which connects the voivodeship capital Olsztyn (Allenstein) with the district town Szczytno (Ortelsburg) and continues to Myszyniec and Ostrołęka . Several side streets connect the city with the surrounding area.

rail

Since November 1, 1883, the city with a station Passenheim , from October 25, 1945 Pasym on today between Olsztyn and Ełk (Lyck) busy railway line connected. The train station is three kilometers south of the city center.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

  • Johann Wilhelm Ebel (born March 4, 1784 in Passenheim), Lutheran theologian and Pietist († 1861)
  • Marie Luise Gothein , b. Schroeter (born September 12, 1863 in Passenheim), art historian († 1931)
  • Fritz Morzik (born December 10, 1891 in Passenheim), German pilot, major general in the Air Force, bearer of the Knight's Cross († 1985)
  • Ernst Burdach (born June 20, 1905 in Passenheim), Protestant pastor, member of the Confessing Church and peace activist († 1976)
  • Fritz Klimmek (born September 26, 1905 in Passenheim), German teacher, teacher and naturalist. According to him Klimmeks blackberry named († 1963)
  • Hans Rama (November 29, 1906 in Passenheim), German photographer († 1967)
  • Bernhard Wosien (born September 19, 1908 in Passenheim), choreographer and professor for expression education and dance († 1986).

Connected to the city

  • Andreas Samuel (died 1549), Polish Dominican monk, converted to the Lutheran faith, was pastor at the Protestant church in Passenheim from 1547 to 1549
  • Christoph Hartknoch (1644–1687), Protestant theologian, Prussian historian and cartographer
Clericus' proposal for a new coat of arms for the Corps Masovia
  • Ludwig Clericus (1827-1892), with reference to the Masurian "Bassenheim" and the coat of arms of the Waldbotts , Ludwig Clericus, one of the leading heraldists in the 19th century, wanted to change the coat of arms of the Corps Masovia . Despite repeated attempts, it did not get through.

literature

  • Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 28, no. 5).
  • August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 458–459, no. 72.
  • Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have been admitted to the Lutheran Churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 455-458.
  • Erich M. Klemer: 550 years of Passenheim: August 4, 1936. Harich Verlag, Allenstein 1936.
  • Alfred Kluge: Passenheim in Masuria: A guide through Passenheim and its surroundings . Ortelsburger Zeitung, Ortelsburg 1927.
  • Alfred Kluge: The devil in Passenheim. Ortelsburger Zeitung, Ortelsburg 1928.
  • Dominika Kobylinska. The beginnings of the city of Passenheim, its economic and social development up to 1945 and the current situation in Passenheim. [Master's thesis], Uniwersytet Warminsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Wydzial Humanistycny Katedra Filologii Germanskiej. Olsztyn 2005.
  • Max Meyhöfer: Passenheim. Manuscript copy in the Herder Institute in Marburg, (around 1960).
  • Georg Michels: On the economic development of Passenheim in the Ordensland and Duchy of Prussia to 1619. Verlag Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk, Lüneburg 1988, ISBN 3-922296-44-0 .
  • Georg Michels: Passenheim - Times of a City. Rautenberg Verlag, Leer 1992, ISBN 3-7921-0499-7 .
  • Walter Probol: Half a millennium order church in Passenheim. Harich Verlag, Allenstein 1933.
  • Zofia Stopa; Marian Stopa: Pasym i okolice. Pojezierze, Olsztyn 1970.
  • Martin Jend, Bernhard Maxin, Wolfgang Olk: No. 5 of the writings of the Genealogical Working Group Neidenburg and Ortelsburg (GeAGNO): “Parish Passenheim, Part 2: Alphabetical register and baptismal register Passenheim Stadt und Land 1741-1814”, self-published, Seeheim Malchen 1997.
  • Michael Bulitta, Martin Jend, Marc Patrik Plessa: No. 12 of the writings of the Genealogical Working Group Neidenburg and Ortelsburg. (GeAGNO): "Parish Passenheim (Ortelsburg district) in the period 1878 to 1945 according to certificates from the registry offices Passenheim-Stadt and Passenheim-Land, baptisms, marriages and deaths", self-published, Seeheim Malchen 2005.
  • Marc Patrik Plessa, Michael Bulitta, Martin Jend: No. 31 of the writings of the Genealogical Working Group Neidenburg and Ortelsburg. (GeAGNO): The parish Passenheim in the Ortelsburg district. Koblenz and Bornheim, self-published, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Pasym  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Passenheim in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013 , p. 905 (Polish)
  2. ↑ Geographical location of Pasym (Osada)
  3. ^ Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief Church History of the Kingdom of Prussia . Königsberg 1769, p. 182.
  4. ↑ a b August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 458–459, no. 72.
  5. ↑ Passenheim
  6. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 28, no. 5).
  7. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 354–355, item 523.
  8. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 456.
  9. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 15, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 484
  10. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Ortelsburg district
  11. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. ortelsburg.html # ew33ortl passth. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ Pasym w liczbach
  13. ↑ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2, Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen 1968, p. 131, Fig. 617–623
  14. ^ Evangelical Church in Passenheim at ostpreussen.net
  15. ↑ Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church of East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 497
  16. ↑ Public buildings in Pass home at ostpreussen.net
  17. ^ Catholic parish Passenheim at GenWiki
  18. ↑ Prof. Dr. Erich Keyser : Deutsches Städtebuch - Handbook of urban history Volume I Northeast Germany Page 92/93. W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 1939.
  19. ^ Prof. Otto Hupp : German coat of arms . Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft , Bremen 1925.