Jabłonka (Dźwierzuty)

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Jabłonka
Jabłonka does not have a coat of arms
Jabłonka (Poland)
Jabłonka
Jabłonka
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Szczytno
Gmina : Dźwierzuty
Geographic location : 53 ° 40 '  N , 20 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 39 '34 "  N , 20 ° 1' 17"  E
Residents : 204 (2011)
Postal code : 12-120
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NSZ
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 600 : Mrągowo / DK 16 u. DK 59 - Rybno - Rańsk - Orzyny ↔ Romany Szczytno / DK 53 , DK 57 u. DK 58
Dźwierzuty / DK 57 - Olszewki → Jabłonka
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Jabłonka ( German  Jablonken , 1938 to 1945 Wildenau (Ostpr.)) Is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . It belongs to the Gmina Dźwierzuty (rural community Mensguth ) in the Powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ).

Geographical location

Jabłonka is located in the southern center of the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship , eleven kilometers north of the district town of Szczytno ( German  Ortelsburg ).

Gut Jablonken - 19th century lithograph in the Duncker collection

Web links

history

Local history

The time when Jablonken was founded is not known, but it is before 1438. The lands originally belonged to Philipps von Wildenau , one of the largest regional landowners. The land then went to the Teutonic Order , which awarded it to Nikolaus Witkop von Theergewisch . In 1438 the lands fell back to the order and in 1495/96 two new estates were created. Both were given to Christoph Roch in 1506 by Grand Master of the Order Friedrich von Sachsen . In 1707 it was taken over by Friedrich Wilhelm von Kolrepp and from 1748 by the von Fabeck family . They stayed here until the settlement in the 1920s.

On July 16, 1874 Jablonken became an official village and its name to an administrative district , the - 9183 renamed "District Wildenau" - to 1945 and county Ortelsburg in Administrative district Königsberg (1905: Administrative district Allenstein ) in the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged.

In 1913 the manor was 1116.8 hectares in size. To him belonged the Vorwerk Schäferei, Probeberg ( Polish: Stankowo ) and Damerau (Dąbrowo), a distillery, dairy, sawmill and cement factory - at the time owned by Karl von der Osten-Fabeck .

In 1910 Jablonken had 244 inhabitants.

On the basis of the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Jablonken belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether it would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Jablonken, 148 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not receive any votes.

In 1927 the previous manor district became a rural community . It consisted of the remainder of the settlement (owned by the Jantz family ) and the village. In 1933 there were 442 inhabitants registered in Jablonken, in 1939 - the place was renamed "Wildenau (Ostpr.)" In 1938 for political and ideological reasons - there were 479.

When the whole of southern East Prussia fell to Poland in 1945 as a result of the war , Jablonken resp. Wildenau was affected and received the Polish form of the name "Jabłonka". Today the village is the seat of a Schulzenamt (Polish Sołectwo ) and as such a place in the network of the rural community Dźwierzuty (Mensguth) in the powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ), until 1998 of the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then it belongs to the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship . The population was 204 in 2011.

Jablonken / Wildenau district (1874–1945)

The Jablonken district included seven places when it was established. In the end there were five:

German name Polish name Remarks
Damerau Dąbrowa 1928 incorporated into Damerauwolka
Damerauwolka 1928 renamed to "Damerau"
Jablonken
1938–1945 Wildenau (Ostpr.) 		Jabłonka
Olschöwken
1938–1945 Kornau (Ostpr.)		 Olszewki
Theerwisch , village Targowo
Theerwisch, good 1928 partly incorporated into Jablonken, Theerwisch (village) and Theerwischwolla
Theerwischwolla
1933–1945 Theerwischwalde		 Targowska Wola

On January 1, 1945, Damerau, Kornau, Theerwisch, Theerwischwalde and Wildenau formed the now renamed Wildenau district.

church

Jablonken was already a church village in the pre-Reformation period. In 1405 it was incorporated into the parish Theerwisch ( Targowo in Polish ).

Evangelical

In 1531, following the introduction of the Reformation , the region was reorganized when the parishes of Ortelsburg ( Szczytno in Polish ) and Schöndamerau (Trelkowo) as well as Mensguth (Dźwierzuty) and Theerwisch (Targowo) were merged. In this context, the parish Rheinswein (Polish Rańsk ) was divided and the new parish Jablonken was founded. Christoph Roch was named as the builder of the church.

In 1686 Jablonken was mentioned as a branch church of Schöndamerau.

The Theerwisch church was demolished in 1825 and the one in Jablonken was found to be in disrepair. Carl von Fabeck , landowner of Jablonken and Theerwisch and patron of both churches, made the decision to unite both places into one parish. In Theerwisch he wanted to build a church and to form a branch congregation of Schondamerau from the united parishes. A new church in Jablonken was no longer planned - after the church building there was also demolished. Karl Friedrich Schinkel had already recorded the design for the church in Jablonken in drawings in 1830 with a floor plan, side and front view.

In fact, Theerwisch and Jablonken were unified parishes from 1900 with a parish seat in Theerwisch until 1945, most recently within the superintendent district of Passenheim (Polish: Pasym ) in the parish of Ortelsburg in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . A church building in Jablonken was planned again, and even the financial means were provided when the outbreak of war in 1914 unexpectedly interrupted this project. A church was in Jablonken resp. Wildenau (Ostpr.) No longer built. Theerwisch and Jablonken remained together under one parish office, even if in 1925 only 360 parishioners lived in the - smaller - parish Jablonken (with Jablonken, the Vorwerk Schäferei and Forst Kulk (Polish: Kulka )).

Today Jabłonka lies between three Protestant churches: in Szczytno (Ortelsburg) , Rańsk (Rheinswein) and Dźwierzuty (Mensguth) , all of which belong to the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

Until 1945 Jablonken resp. Wildenau parish to Ortelsburg in what was then the Diocese of Warmia . Today the next parish church for Jabłonka is Targowo and belongs to the present Archdiocese of Warmia .

Culture and sights

Buildings

The foundations of the Jablonken manor house built in 1858 have been preserved. The brick school building with two classrooms and a living area for a teacher was built in 1928 and still exists today as a residential building.

Parks

The old landscape park , the Johann Larass designed in 1865, overlooks the village of Jablonka. A fragment of the fence with a historic entrance gate is a local attraction.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Streets

Jabłonka is conveniently located on Voivodship Road 600 , which connects the two district towns of Mrągowo (Sensburg) with Szczytno (Ortelsburg) and their respective regions. In addition, from the Polish state road 57 , the former German Reichsstraße 128 , a side road leads directly into the village.

rails

Jabłonka no longer has a rail link. From 1909 to 1992 or 2002, the place was a train station on the Czerwonka – Szczytno ( German  Rothfließ – Ortelsburg ) railway line, which was last used only for goods traffic .

education

school

There was already a school in Jablonken at the beginning of the 18th century. It was founded by the landowner Friedrich Wilhelm von Kolrepp . In 1928 a new school building was built, in which lessons were held in two classes until 1945.

Community College

There was a community college in Jablonken . She was housed in the manor house. It is considered one of the sretn adult education centers in Germany.

Personalities

Native of the place

  • Christoph Hartknoch (* 1644 in Jablonken), Prussian historian, cartographer and engraver († 1687)
  • Carl von Fabeck (born January 16, 1788 in Jablonken), Prussian lieutenant general, landowner on Jablonken and Theerwisch († 1870)

Connected to the place

  • Ludwig von Aulack (1706–1763), Prussian lieutenant colonel, spent the first years of his life at Gut Jablonken

Trivia

Carl von Fabeck (1788-1870), landowner on Jablonken, once caused social excitement when he - not entirely unselfishly - stood up for his future wife. Amalie (Amelie) born von Massenbach (1786-1832) was widowed in her first marriage ( von Knobloch ). She was to be married to the unloved district administrator Friedrich Leopold von Stechow on March 10, 1810 . The wedding reception was planned for the von Redecker family at Eichmedien Castle ( Nakomiady in Polish ). With the help of her sister Friederike von Redecker , Amalie von Knobloch , disguised as an ensign , jumped out of a window into the snow-covered park, where Carl von Fabeck was waiting with a carriage nearby. On March 11, 1810, the couple was married by a pastor friend in Königsberg (Prussia) . It was the beginning of a happy marriage. Eight children were born from it.

Erminia von Olfers-Batocki has created a ballad from the material .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wieś Jabłonka w liczbach
  2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 360
  3. ↑ a b c d e Wildenau (Jablonken) at the Ortelsburg district community
  4. ^ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Register of Places East Prussia (2005): Wildenau
  5. ↑ a b Jabłonka - Jablonken / Wildenau (Ostpr.) At ostpreussen.net
  6. ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Jablonken / Wildenau district
  7. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Ortelsburg district
  8. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 95
  9. ^ Michael Rademacher, local book, Ortelsburg district
  10. ↑ a b c Walther Hubatsch , History of the Evangelical Church of East Prussia , Volume 3 Documents , Göttingen 1968, p. 497
  11. ↑ a b c d Agaton Harnoch, in: Chronicle and Statistics of the Protestant Churches in the Provinces of East and West Prussia , Neidenburg 1890
  12. ↑ a b Walther Hubatsch, History of the Evangelical Church of East Prussia , Volume 1, Göttingen 1968, pp. 45 and 372
  13. ↑ Schinkel's draft of the new Jablonken church, 1830
  14. ↑ Jabłonka - Jablonken / Wildenau (Ostpr.) At ostpreussen.net
  15. ↑ Hans von Fabeck, in: Ostpreußische Familie von Ruth Geede, Ostpreußenblatt No. 12/2011 (March 26), p. 14