Dźwierzuty

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Dźwierzuty
Dzwierzuty coat of arms
Dźwierzuty (Poland)
Dźwierzuty
Dźwierzuty
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Szczytno
Geographic location : 53 ° 42 '  N , 20 ° 58'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 42 '19 "  N , 20 ° 57' 38"  E
Residents : 1686 (2011)
Postal code : 12-120
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NSZ
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 57 : Bartoszyce - Biskupiec ↔ Szczytno - Chorzele - Maków Mazowiecki - Kleszewo (- Pułtusk )
Pasym / DK 53 - Grzegrzólki ↔ Targowo - Orzyny / ext . 600
Jabłonka - Olszewki → Dźwierzuty
Rumy - Laurentowo → Dźwierzuty
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Rural community
Gmina structure: 44 villages
19 school authorities
Surface: 263.35 km²
Residents: 6508
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 25 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2817022
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor : Tadeusz Edward Frączek
Address: ul. Niepodległości 6
12-120 Dzwierzuty
Website : www.ug-dzwierzuty.pl



Dźwierzuty [ d͡ʑvjɛˈʐutɨ ] ( German  Mensguth ) is a village in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , which belongs to the Powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ). It is the seat of the rural community of the same name. It includes several small villages in the vicinity.

Commercial building in Dźwierzuty
Street in Dźwierzuty

Geographical location

Dźwierzuty is located in the southern center of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , 16 kilometers north of the district town of Szczytno ( German  Ortelsburg ).

The village of Dźwierzuty (Mensguth)

history

Place name

In 1438 there was a land prescription for the Swersutten estate . Its name was changed to Mentzelsgut at the beginning of the 15th century . It was named after the Swersutten landowner, Mentzel von Wildenau . The spelling of the name Mensgut can be found around 1871 .

Local history

The place was founded in the 14th century, probably in 1374; however, it was first mentioned 25 years later, in 1399. In other sources, the foundation is dated to an earlier point in time, as a pastor is said to have been attested as early as 1349. This fact would indicate the existence of a church as well as a smaller community.

In 1438 Heinrich Reuss von Plauen , Commander of Elbing ( Elbląg in Polish ) signed a prescription for the Swersutten estate. In 1483 the landlord exchanged his land for a large property near Mohrungen ( Morąg in Polish ). Part of the land of Mensguth fell away for the order . Thereupon he founded an interest village and allowed the construction of a mill; hence the mill in the coat of arms of the municipality.

The community reached a low point in the middle of the 17th century, which was probably caused by the devastation during the Tatar invasion . Large areas of cultivated land subsequently lay fallow, and it took almost half a century before it could be used again for agriculture, especially during the time of Frederick the Great .

In the 19th century, Mensguth developed into a location for industry and craft. In addition to the two mills, there was a sawmill, a dairy, a cooperative and at times up to 42 craft businesses and a distillery.

On July 16, 1875 Mensguth office Village was and thus its name to an administrative district in the county Ortelsburg in Administrative district Königsberg (1905 and 1945 was: administrative district Allenstein ) in the Prussian province of East Prussia . It existed until 1945.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Mensguth belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Mensguth (village and Vorwerk), 969 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, while Poland had 14 votes.

In 1945 the whole of southern East Prussia was transferred to Poland as a result of the war . The village of Mensguth was also affected. It received the Polish name form "Dźwierzuty" and is now a district with the seat of a Schulzenamt (Polish Sołectwo ) within the rural municipality of the same name in the powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ), until 1998 of the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then it has belonged to the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship .

Population numbers

year number
1910 1,126
1933 1,377
1939 1,390
2011 1,686

Mensguth District (1874–1945)

When it was established in 1874, the Mensguth district consisted of five villages, in the end there were six:

German name Polish name Explanations
Anhaltsberg Łysa Góra Originally part of the Korpellen district
Geislingen Gisiel
Mensguth village Dźwierzuty
Mensguth Vorwerk Dźwierzutki
Sczepanken
1938–1945 Stauchwitz		 Szczepankowo
Heraldic village Łupowo

church

Protestant church
Catholic Church

Evangelical

The church in Dźwierzuty, which has been Protestant since the Reformation, was built in the mid-1690s using the foundations of a church that burned down in 1691 (1693). It is a late Gothic building with a brick tower and a nave with plastered field stone . The church was until 1945 the parish church of the same parish in the ecclesiastical province of East Prussia the Prussian Union of churches and is now branch church of the parish Pasym (Passenheim) in the Diocese Mazury the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

The neo-Gothic Church of the Holy Trinity was built between 1880 and 1884. The tower of the brick building is crowned with a pointed helmet. From 1860 to 1871 Mensguth was parish in Bischofsburg . Only since 1871 has there been a separate Catholic parish in Mensguth, which only used a small house of prayer until the church was built.

school

A school was mentioned in Mensguth as early as 1531. In 1927/28 it received a modern new building with eight classrooms, shower and bath tubs, workrooms for the vocational school and an apartment for the caretaker. In the same years a teacher's house for four families was built.

traffic

Streets

Dźwierzuty is located on the major north-south traffic axis of the state road 57 (between Bartoszyce and Chorzele route of the German state road 128 ), which runs through the entire Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and ends in the north of the Masovian Voivodeship . Several regional side roads connect the village with the surrounding area.

rail

Former station building

Dźwierzuty no longer has a rail link. In 1909 Mensguth became a train station on the Rothfließ – Ortelsburg railway via Bischofsburg . This route was used for passenger traffic until 1992 and freight traffic until 2002, but then closed. In 2015, the demolition work began on the railway systems.

air

The nearest international airport is Gdansk Airport .

Personalities

Native of the place

  • Emil Kaschub (born April 3, 1919 in Mensguth), surgeon of the German Wehrmacht in Auschwitz concentration camp († 1977)
  • Ulrich Bernsdorff (born October 21, 1929 in Mensguth), German actor and voice actor († 2005)

Gmina Dźwierzuty

Municipal area

Map of the municipality

The Gmina Dźwierzuty area covers an area of ​​263.35 km². Its area makes up 13.62% of the area of ​​the entire Powiat Szczycieński ( Ortelsburg district ). 57% of the community area is used for agriculture, 25% for forestry.

On June 30, 2019, 6508 inhabitants were registered, which is 9.4% of the total population of the Szczycieński powiat.

Community structure

The rural municipality of Dźwierzuty includes 44 localities (German names officially until 1945):

With a Schulzenamt :

Other localities in the municipality are:

Neighboring communities

Gmina Dźwierzuty is surrounded by eight neighboring municipalities:

population

As of June 30, 2019, Gmina Dźwierzuty had 6,508 residents. The number corresponds to about 9% of the total population of the powiat Szczycieński .

The age structure of the population can be seen from the statistics from 2014: Piramida wieku Gmina Dzwierzuty.png

traffic

Street

Landesstraße 57 runs through the entire municipality in a north-south direction (on the route of the former German Reichsstraße 128 ). The eastern part is crossed by Voivodship Road 600 , which connects the district towns of Mrągowo (Sensburg) and Szczytno (Ortelsburg) . Most of the rest of the road network is oriented towards the center of Dźwierzuty or links the municipalities with one another.

rail

The area of ​​the Dźwierzuty commune has no rail links. Passenger and freight trains operated on the Czerwonka – Szczytno ( Rothfließ – Ortelsburg ) railway until 1992 and 2002, respectively . The railway systems have been dismantled since 2015. On the railway line were six belonging to the Gmina places with station: Grodziska (Grodzisken / Castle Garden) , Targowska Wola (Theerwischwolla / Theerwischwalde) , Dźwierzuty (Mensguth) , Olszewki Mazurskie (Olschöwken / Kornau) , Jabłonka (Jablonken / Wildenau) and Nowe Kiejkuty (New Keykuth) .

Web links

Commons : Dźwierzuty  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Gmina Dźwierzuty  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Wieś Dźwierzuty w liczbach. 2011, Retrieved May 7, 2017 (Polish).
  2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 244
  3. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  4. ↑ A distinction must be made between “Mensguth Dorf” (Dźwierzuty) and “Mensguth Vorwerk” (Dźwierzutki)
  5. ↑ Dietrich Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Mensguth Dorf
  6. ↑ a b Dźwierzuty - Mensguth at ostpreussen.net
  7. ^ A b Rolf Jehke, Mensguth District
  8. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : "Self-determination for East Germany - A Documentation on the 50th Anniversary of the East and West Prussian Referendum on July 11, 1920"; Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 96
  9. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Ortelsburg district
  10. ↑ a b Michael Rademacher, local book, Ortelsburg district
  11. ↑ Landgemeinde Mensguth Dorf near the Ortelsburg district community
  12. ↑ railway Czerwonka-Szczytno at Bazakolejowa
  13. ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory
  14. ↑ Sołectwa Gminy Dźwierzuty
  15. ↑ Kobiety = women, Mężczyźni = men