Waldbott from Bassenheim

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Coat of arms of the Waldbott von Bassenheim
Coat of arms of the Walpoden von Waltmannshausen
Waldmannshausen Castle

Waldbott von Bassenheim is the name of a Rhenish noble family that was first mentioned in a document in 1136 with the brothers Siegfriedus Gebhardus and Fridericus de Waltmaneshusen , after the village of Waldmannshausen (today a district of the Elbe valley ) near Hadamar . Branches of the family still exist today. The count's line of the family belongs to the high nobility .

history

Origins

A Walpode or Waldbott, in today's German a messenger of violence, was an official in the Middle Ages who acted in the name of a sovereign and, among other things, exercised police power. Most ministerials were entrusted with this office. For the Walpoden von Waltmannshausen, who initially named themselves after their ancestral seat, Waldmannshausen Castle near Hadamar , the official designation became part of their name. More Walpot or Waldbott lines descend from them.

An important, early representative of the family was Heinrich Walpot , first Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1198 to 1200 . A Siegfried Walpot von Bassenheim was later Komtur and supreme Spittler in the Baltic order . From 1267 the family owned the Walpodenamt of the Counts of Diez . Later members of the sex were after fiefs of the Counts of Isenburg .

Development until the end of the Old Kingdom

Bassenheim Castle

Through inheritance and purchase, this branch was able to considerably expand its manorial rule over time . The rule of Bassenheim near Koblenz fell to the family before 1300 through the marriage of Siegfried Walpod († 1333) to Helena von Bachem, heir to the knight Heinrich von Bachem, who subsequently changed its name to Waldbott von Bassenheim.

In 1477 the rule of Olbrück was added, through the marriage of Otto Walpott von Bassenheim († 1498) with Apollonia, heir to the burgrave Gotthard von Drachenfels ; However, disputes over inheritance and ownership continued until 1555. From the Drachenfels inheritance, the Gudenau Castle came to the Waldbott in 1512 .

When the family was divided into the lines of Bassenheim, Gudenau and Bornheim in 1554, the rule of Bassenheim remained with the oldest branch. The glory Bornheim came to the family in 1629. Between 1728 and 1732 Johann Conrad Schlaun converted the medieval fortified castle into today's Bornheim Castle in the style of a “maison de plaisance”.

Already since about 1600 the rule of Königsfeld belonged to the Waldbott, who started a witch hunt in the Drachenfelser Ländchen from July 1630 at the instigation of the landlord, Ferdinand Waldbott von Bassenheim . In 1642 Baron Ferdinand Waldbott von Bassenheim zu Gudenau received the rule of Drachenfels . The fiefdom remained in this line until it died out and in 1735 came to the Waldbott von Bassenheim zu Bornheim, who sold it to the barons von der Vorst in 1777.

Johann Lothar Waldbott to and from Bassenheim († 1677) acquired in 1652 half domination Pyrmont in the Eifel and became the basis of this property in 1654 Empire Barons collected. In 1654 he also bought the office of Kransberg, which was devastated in the Thirty Years' War and is based at Kransberg Castle . His son Franz Emmerich Wilhelm Waldbott von Bassenheim was from Emperor Karl VI. on May 23, 1720 - also for Pyrmont, the other half of which he had acquired in 1710 - raised to the rank of imperial count .

In 1686, after the Reifenbergs died out , the Waldbott inherited their rule of Reifenberg ; however, this had been in Kurmainzer pledge since 1681 and remained there until around 1725.

In 1729 the rule of Bassenheim (became a fiefdom of Kurköln due to the decline of the County of Sayn ) became part of the empire and was directly subordinate to the emperor. With the baron Klemens August, the line to Gudenau expired in 1735, his sister brought the property to the barons of Vorst-Lombeck zu Lüftelberg , who later also bought the Drachenfels rule from the Bornheim line. In 1735, the Waldbott family dissolved the Olbrück inheritance and divided the rule between the remaining lines of Bassenheim and Bornheim.

At the end of the 18th century, the counts were Waldbott bass Hein for possession of domination Reifenberg (next Reifenberg Arnoldshain and Schmitten ) and Crans Mountain (next Kranenberg Friedrichstal - now a district of the municipality Wehrheim - Pfaffenwiesbach and Wernborn ) for Reichsritterschaft in Ritter Canton Middle Rhine of Rhenish knight circle .

Johann Maria Rudolf Waldbott von Bassenheim (1731–1805) was admitted to the Westphalian Count's College in 1788 because of Olbrück and Pyrmont and thus became an imperial estate . In 1764, the General Chapter of the Teutonic Order granted him and the respective eldest ancestor of the family the title of emperor of the order with the authority to carry the commander's cross .

Since the 19th century

Heggbach Abbey

However, through the Peace of Lunéville in 1801 he lost his imperial rule on the left bank of the Rhine . For this he received generous compensation in Swabia : According to § 24 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803, because of the lost dominions Pyrmont and Olbrück, the Abbey of Heggbach was transferred to him (but without Mietingen , Sulmingen and the tithe of Baltringen ). As further compensation, Count Johann Waldbott von Bassenheim received a permanent cash pension of 1300 guilders, which was based on the income of the Buxheim Charterhouse , to be paid by its new owner, Count von Ostein .

After the occupation of the areas on the left bank of the Rhine by France and expropriation according to the laws of the French Revolution, Napoleon returned the manor Bassenheim to Count Waldbott von Bassenheim in 1805 as the only large landowner in the Rhineland on the left bank of the Rhine. In 1806 the son and heir of Count Johann Maria Rudolf Waldbott von Bassenheim , who died in 1805 , Count Friedrich Waldbott von Bassenheim (1779-1830), was mediatized in the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Kingdom of Württemberg . In 1829 the head of the family was given the title of exaltation by a resolution of the German Federal Assembly . This noble line had a hereditary seat for its respective head in the former chamber of the Imperial Councils of the Kingdom of Bavaria .

Buxheim Monastery

The former Buxheim monastery came into the possession of Count Friedrich Waldbott von Bassenheim after the death of Johann Friedrich Reichsgraf von Ostein (1735–1809). In 1818 he also bought Pyrmont Castle back - albeit as a looted ruin.

Count Friedrich's son, Hugo Philipp Count Waldbott von Bassenheim (1820–1895), had a lavish lifestyle and squandered the fortunes of his ancestors. In 1852 and 1853 he sold the Kransberg and Reifenberg estates to a middle-class landowner. Burg and Gut Bassenheim and Pyrmont Castle were compulsorily auctioned off in 1862. In 1875 he sold the Heggbach monastery. In 1880 it was threatened with complete ruin. In 1887 the count sold the inventory and furniture of the library of the Buxheim monastery. As early as 1883, the art-historically famous Buxheim choir stalls were auctioned off to England on behalf of the Count. (In 1979 the Buxheim monastery church was bought back by the public sector.) In 1916 the family sold the monastery church with the cloister and the library building to the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1925, Count Waldbott sold the archive, the parament, the liturgical equipment and the extensive collection of paintings from the Charterhouse to the Ottobeuren monastery .

In addition to the noble, counts line of Bassenheim, there is still the baronial line ( belonging to the lower nobility ), which was based at Bornheim Castle, but sold it in 1826. They were also hereditary bailiffs of Waldorf . In 1830 this line acquired Bergerhausen Castle through marriage , but sold it in 1894 when they moved to Tolcsva Castle in Hungary. In 1955 she inherited the Austrian Halbturn Castle , on the maternal side, from Archduke Albrecht II of Austria-Teschen , the brother of Maria Alice Baroness Waldbott von Bassenheim, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen .

Descendants of the Counts and Barons Waldbott von Bassenheim now live in Berlin, Munich, Augsburg, Regensburg, Saarbrücken as well as in Canada, Argentina and Halbturn on Lake Neusiedl.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Waldbott von Bassenheim
Coat of arms of the barons of Waldbott-Bassenheim von Bornheim
Coat of arms of the barons of Waldbott-Bassenheim

Even Richard Walpod of elms, Lord of the Lower Castle to elms, led a coat of arms in 1331 a twelvefold died changed sign when Helmzier a red hull with man departing hair and broad red hat. Friedrich Walpod von Ulmen, wore the same shield in 1348, a bearded man's torso in a red and silver split dress and red hat as a helmet ornament. In the Armorial Bellenville , around 1380, the coat of arms of the "Waelpot", the raised shield, the man's torso of the helmet ornament is beardless, clothing and hat are labeled like the shield.

The coat of arms of the Waldbott von Bassenheim is set twelve times in silver and red. On the helmet is a growing silver swan with raised wings, each of which is covered with a staggered label. The helmet cover is red-silver.

“Such a change of position has a deeper meaning, that of the forest culture, an interesting meaning for the country team [Masovia], in whose traditions and songs the beautiful oak and beech forests of the homeland play such an outstanding role. - Like all old families who held Reichsforstlehen, the forest messengers from Bassenheim also have an equally arranged coat of arms. "

- Ludwig Clericus

When shield holders are depicted, there are two silver swans , which comes from the helmet ornament.

The red and silver coat of arms of the family can still be seen today in many Rhineland-Palatinate city ​​and municipal coats of arms .

Dominions, possessions and fiefs

In the course of time, the Waldbott family managed to come into the possession of many different lords through marriage, inheritance, purchase, litigation or violence. These included:

Significant namesake

Count Friedrich Waldbott von Bassenheim (1779–1830)

Heads of family:

literature

Web links

Commons : Waldbott von Bassenheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bernhard Peter, Die Walpoden und die Waldbott von Bassenheim (accessed on January 30, 2015)
  2. ^ Thomas P. Becker: witch hunt in Bonn and the surrounding area
  3. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Volume Fü II, CA Starke-Verlag, Glücksburg 1955, p. 162.
  4. ^ Genealogy. Manual. Volume FAV, CA Starke-Verlag, Limburg 1963, p. 453 ff.