Oberreifenberg
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Oberreifenberg
commune Schmitten
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| Height : | 605 (523-683) m |
| Area : | 3.83 km² |
| Residents : | 1922 (2006) |
| Population density : | 502 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 1971 |
| Incorporated into: | Reifenberg |
| Postal code : | 61389 |
| Area code : | 06082 |
With over 1900 inhabitants, Oberreifenberg is the largest district of the Schmitten community in the Hochtaunus district in southern Hesse and the ancestral seat of the Reifenberg family .
Geographical location
With an average of 640 meters in the local area, Oberreifenberg in the eastern Hintertaunus is the highest village in the Taunus and one of the highest villages in Hesse. It is located on a foothills of the Great Feldberg, which is about 1.5 kilometers away and 879 meters high, facing northwest . The district has an area of 383 hectares. The highest point of the district is to be found in the southeast, where the boundary in the Stölker forest district follows the Upper German-Raetian Limes over a length of 350 meters . Here, where the Nordbahn piste leading down from the Feldberg summit crosses the Limes, the area reaches a height of 770 m. In contrast, in the north of the district, the lowest point in the Weiltal is at the upper Bärenfichtenweiher below the remains of Hattstein Castle at 460 m.
Reifenberg Castle in the north-west of the village is characteristic of the site . Other interesting historical buildings are the Bassenheimer Palais and the St. Gertrudis Chapel.
history
Oberreifenberg was founded in 1849 when the village of Reifenberg divided into Ober- and Niederreifenberg . There is speculation about the origin of Reifenberg.
In 1156 the "Walsdorf founding document" names a "Guntramus de Hazechenstein". That Guntram had his castle - better known in 1986 under the name "Hattstein" - probably from the Limburg lord of the castle, Count Emmerich von Leiningen, as a fief .
The sex of those from " Hazechenstein " was closely related to the sex of those from " Riffinberg ", if not identical. The entire knightly family may originally have come from the western forest area north of the Lahn or from the area around Limburg.
Until the 1950s, the local history literature held the theory that the Reifenberg Castle dates back to the 9th century AD - which is what the "1000 year celebration" in 1950 in Oberreifenberg referred to. Hattstein was then built by a Reifenberger son. In fact, in an ancestral test in 1609, Hans Heinrich von Reifenberg named a gentleman "Engelhardt" as the overseer and director of the knight tournaments common at the time, "in the second tournament after Christ born in 942". But this only proves the existence of the family, not their place of residence. And as early as the 1930s, the local researcher Karl Beuth, who had made a great contribution to Reifenberg, had doubts about the theory he still represented. Because on May 3, 1938, Dr. Otto Renkhoff, State Archives Councilor in Wiesbaden wrote: “The von Reifenberg family and the von Hattstein family are of one tribe. It used to be assumed that the von Hattstein were a tribe of the von Reifenberg. According to recent research, one has to assume the other way round: Hattstein Castle seems to be the older castle and Reifenberg seems to have been founded from Hattstein ... ”- presumably because the Hattstein family castle on the narrow cliff was too small for the family.
In an essay from 1963, Helmut Gensicke suspects the construction of Reifenberg Castle before 1215 .
In 1226 a Conrad zu Hattstein dies, whom Gensicke takes to be the brother of Cuno von Hattstein, who in turn is said to have been identical to the "Cuno von Reifenberg" mentioned again in 1234.
In 1331 we find the first documented mention of Reifenberg Castle. In the first half of the 13th century, the Reifenberger clan split into two lines: the Wetterau (remaining on the Reifenberg family castle) and the Weller line, which settled in the Westerwald.
The last knight of Reiffenberg, Philipp Ludwig died in 1686. Philipp Ludwig's brother-in-law, Count Johann Lothar Waldbott von Bassenheim inherited the Reiffenberg Castle.
With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, the Bassenheim rule Reifenberg Nassau-Usingen was added. The opposing process before the Imperial Court of Justice ends with the end of the Old Kingdom in 1806 and Reifenberg belonged to Nassau-Usingen or the Duchy of Nassau as the office of Reifenberg . Waldbott bass home but kept as a nobleman continued rights to Oberreifenberg (z. B. the court of Lord).
From 1768 to 1770 a new manorial building, today's Bassenheimer Palais, was built for Count Waldbott von Bassenheim by the master builder Johann Friedrich Sckell (* 1725) instead of the castle . The room on the first floor of the palace was painted with frescoes by the Swiss painter Christian Stöcklin (1741 to 1795), who worked in Frankfurt am Main , showing perspectives of Venice and which were only exposed in 2014 under plaster and whitewash.
In 1823, Oberreifenberg became the seat of the newly formed, noble Oberförsterei Reifenberg.
Oberreifenberg was independent until the regional reform in Hesse . Kurt Bernecke (SPD) was the last mayor of the independent community. From December 31, 1971 to August 1, 1972, there was a brief peculiarity that the municipalities of Niederreifenberg and Oberreifenberg (then part of the Main-Taunus district ) had voluntarily merged to form the municipality of Reifenberg in order to anticipate the merger with Schmitten. The municipality of Reifenberg only existed for a few months. With the regional reform on August 1, 1972, it lost its independence and Ober- and Niederreifenberg have been districts of the Schmitten community ever since .
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on November 21, 1969 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior.
Blazon : "In silver, three red diagonal bars, topped with a three-legged blue tournament collar ."
The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Heinz Ritt . It corresponds to the family coat of arms of those of Reifenberg .
Culture and sights
societies
There are a number of associations in the village that are united in the Vereinsring Reifenberg (association ring for Ober- and Niederreifenberg). A selection of these clubs:
- Kanoniergesellschaft Oberreifenberg
- Fishing club Oberreifenberg
- Reifenberg Castle Association
- Freundeskreis Reifenberg
- Reifenberg running club
- MGV 1871 Oberreifenberg (choral society)
- Reifenberg Ski Club
- Sports community Oberreifenberg
- Reifenberg tennis club
- Club ring Reifenberg
Buildings
For the listed buildings see the list of cultural monuments in Oberreifenberg .
Reifenberg castle ruins
→ Main article: Reifenberg Castle (Oberreifenberg)
The keep (substructure, about 33 meters) and the residential tower of the castle have been preserved and tower above Oberreifenberg and the Weiltal.
Limes and Roman fort
The old border of the Roman Empire runs above Nieder- and Oberreifenberg over the northern slope of the Großer Feldberg . Above Oberreifenberg there is also the Kleiner Feldberg Roman fort , of which unfortunately only the foundation walls can be seen today.
St. Gertrudis Chapel
In the Gertrudiskapelle, also popularly known as the "Bassenheimer Grabkapelle" and picturesquely located above the Oberreifenberg district, the last of the Reifenberg knights is laid to rest - knight Philipp Ludwig von Reiffenberg was born there on January 22, 1730, i.e. 44 Buried years after his death.
The chapel goes back to a vow of the Oberreifenberg Johann Georg Müller. He suffered from one-sided paralysis and vowed that he would build a Holy Cross Chapel in Oberreifenberg when he was healed. He was healed and convinced Count Casimir Waldbott von Bassenheim , Philipp Ludwig von Reiffenberg's uncle, to have the chapel built. The chapel was built according to plans by Benedikt Burtscher , who also designed the Bassenheimer Palais, and consecrated in 1711. In addition to Philipp Ludwig, Count Casimir Waldbott von Bassenheim is also buried in the chapel.
It has been called Gertrudiskapelle since 1934. In 1926, lightning struck the chapel and severely damaged it. The doctor Heinrich Burkard financed the renovation in 1934. The chapel of Saint Gertrude was consecrated in memory of Gertrude Burkard, Heinrich Burkard's mother .
The inscriptions on the side walls of the chapel are quotations from the work Confessiones by the church father Augustine .
Every year on Christmas Eve there is a nativity scene in the Gertrudiskapelle in the afternoon. This goes back to a legend: At Christmas 1862, two men from Reifenberg are said to have been drinking and playing cards in the Burgschänke on Christmas Eve. A stranger joined them to play. When a map fell to the ground, the men saw that the stranger had a horse's foot. Realizing that they had played with the devil, they fled outside through the snow to the Gertrudis Chapel to pray there.
St. George Church
After ten years of construction, the church was completed in 1855. However, the consecration took place only in May 1862 by the then Bishop of Limburg Peter Josef Blum . In 1895 the church tower received three bells. The church was designed by the Diez architect Heinrich Velde . The organ comes from the organ builder Christian Friedrich Voigt from Wiesbaden and cost 2,110 guilders when the church was built . Originally, a small organ with 14 registers at a price of 1200 guilders was planned. A larger organ with 24 registers was purchased on the basis of a report by the state government's expert on organ building, the Usingen seminar music teacher Karl Markus Feye. The largest wooden pipe is 4.8 meters long, the smallest 7.5 centimeters. The tin pipes are between 2.74 meters and 16 centimeters in length. The organ can produce notes between the Contra C and the 5-bowed A. The tin pipes are visually visible under a gable decorated with acroters and Romanesque arcades. The wooden pipes are not visible.
Sports
Winter sports
The tobogganing slope of Oberreifenberg am Pechberg is a main attraction in winter for families from all over the Rhine-Main area. The offer is supplemented by two ski lifts (the one at the former Posterholungsheim is particularly suitable for beginners, called: "Heimlichen Wiese") as well as cross-country ski trails. There is an ice stock sport facility at the Pechberg car park .
In 1954 a natural toboggan run was built in Oberreifenberg. It lay on the northern slope of the Feldberg and ended in Oberreifenberg on the site of today's tennis courts. The track was a natural ice rink. It could only be operated in frosty conditions and was prepared with water that was brought up the mountain in barrels. The German championships were held on the track on February 26, 1956 (after the date had to be postponed three times due to thaw). In 1954 there were only two comparable railways in the Federal Republic of Germany: In Winterberg and Garmisch-Partenkirchen .
The construction was carried out with the support of the US Army. The up to six meter high banked curves were lined with hollow blocks. The railway had a gradient of nine percent.
The railway was only used for three years until 1957. The German junior championship in two-man bobsleigh, the NATO championships and the Hessian championships in two-man and four-man bobsleigh in the Taunus ice canal also took place on it.
Ski jumping hills were built on the Pechberg and the “Heimlichen Wiese” until 1911. Later they jumped on the Großer Feldberg and Weilsberg .
Motorsport
The Feldberg race was an automobile and motorcycle race that was held between 1920 and 1954 on various courses in the area of the Großer Feldberg in the Hochtaunus .
Economy and Infrastructure
Economic structure
While today the inhabitants mostly commute to work in the Rhine-Main area , Oberreifenberg was in the past an important location for the production of pearl wreaths in a branch of the economy that has largely been forgotten today. In Oberreifenberg there were 2 companies that were of considerable importance for the local economy. In addition to 40 permanent employees, around 125 home workers, including 30 to 40 children, were employed by 1912.
In 1957, production in Oberreifenberg was given up and devices and remaining stocks were sold to the last rival company from Walldürn. The former "pearl factory" in Oberreifenberg, built in 1907, is now privately owned and used as a residential building.
tourism
The place is a state-approved resort . Until the early 1980s, tourism was an important industry in Oberreifenberg. Today tourism has moved away from overnight guests to day visitors. With the Burgfried House, the Reifenberg House, the Waldhotel, the Nature Park Hotel Weilquelle (the former poster sanctuary) and the youth hostel, there are still a variety of overnight accommodations that are used intensively, especially during Frankfurt trade fairs. A range of sporting activities is available for locals and guests. The Reifenberg tennis club offers tennis courts , a climbing garden has been set up next to the youth hostel , and a climbing hall is now located in a former road maintenance hall . A sports facility for ball sports and athletics has been set up at the Pechberg car park. The Taunusklub has marked a large number of hiking trails. The Reifenberger meadows are located below the village .
youth hostel
The Fritz Emmel Youth Hostel is located on the edge of Oberreifenberg, one of three youth hostels in the Hochtaunus district. Named after an important donor from the German Youth Hostel Association , the youth hostel , which consists of three individual buildings, was inaugurated in 1974. Originally designed for 288 beds, today there are 222 beds in four to eight-bed rooms.
Nature Park Hotel Weilquelle
At the beginning of the 1930s, the Deutsche Reichspost built the poster recovery home above Oberreifenberg for its employees . During the National Socialist era , the poster recovery home was enlarged and named after the NSDAP Gauleiter of Hesse and Nassau, Jakob Sprenger -Heim. From 1944 to 1945 the home was used to accommodate the students from the Goethe-Gymnasium in Frankfurt, who were evacuated from Frankfurt as part of the Kinderland deportation . The school camp of the Goethe-Gymnasium, which has existed in Oberreifenberg since 1921, served as the classroom. After the war, the poster recovery home was used by the Deutsche Bundespost . At the beginning of November 1988 the Posterholungsheim was sold for 1.7 million DM (in today's purchasing power 3 million euros) to a Frankfurt businessman who wanted to use it as an emigrant home for 120 people. It was sold again in the 1990s. Since 1998 the building has served as the Hotel Weilquelle nature park.
Public facilities
The old town hall of the formerly independent community now offers club rooms and a youth room. The Oberreifenberg volunteer fire brigade built its fire station as an extension to the town hall.
The Millennium Hall, the community center of the district, was built in 1967 and is currently used by sports clubs and for social purposes.
The village has a kindergarten and the Montessori EcoSchool , a full-day educational institution that specializes in Montessori, nature and environmental education. Here children between the ages of one and 12 are looked after all day and accompanied in their development.
traffic
The bus has three stops in Oberreifenberg, and a shuttle bus also drives to a total of 14 parking spaces around the Feldberg on weekends and public holidays.
Personalities
Honorary citizen (of the independent municipality of Oberreifenberg)
- Joseph Wagenbach (1900–1980), Member of the State Parliament (1950)
People who have worked here
The author and journalist Susanne Fröhlich (* 1962) lives in Oberreifenberg . The writer Gerhard Zwerenz (1925–2015) lived here until his death in 2015 .
literature
- Gottlieb Schnapper-Arndt: Five village communities on the Hohe Taunus: a social statistical study on small-scale farming, domestic industry and popular life , Leipzig 1883 (on Uni Frankfurt.de: online PDF file 38 MB )
- Wolfgang Meister: The parish church of St. Georg zu Oberreifenberg, parish council of the parish of St. Georg, 1977
- Heinrich Burkard: The art of glass painting. At the same time, an interpretation of the glass windows in the St. Gertrudis Chapel near Oberreifenberg iT, 1936
- Mean height of Oberreifenberg: TK Kompass - Eastern Taunus 840 - 1: 50,000
- Literature about Oberreifenberg in the Hessian Bibliography
Web links
- Reifenberg district on the Schmitten community's website.
- Oberreifenberg, Hochtaunuskreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 28, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Municipality of Schmitten: districts ( Memento from May 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Geodata online and topographic map 1: 25,000
- ↑ Béatrice porter: Chronica Reifenbergensis , in: Norbert Marx: Treffen der Reifenberg from all over the world , 1986, pp. 59–75
- ↑ With a view of the Venetian St. Mark's Square in FAZ of February 21, 2014, page 52
- ^ Ordinance sheet of the Duchy of Nassau, Volume 15, pages 90–91, November 19, 1823, online
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 370 .
- ↑ Gerstenmeier, K.-H. (1977): Hessen. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation. Melsungen. P. 272
- ^ Approval of a coat of arms of the municipality of Oberreifenberg, Main-Taunus-Kreis, administrative district Darmstadt from November 21, 1969 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1969 No. 49 , p. 2009 , point 1641 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.7 MB ]).
- ↑ Home calendar for the Main-Taunus-Kreis 1952, pages 33–36
- ↑ Birgit Schweitzer: "Reifenberg and nevermore Reifenberg!"; in: Usingen Anzeiger of December 22, 2011
- ↑ Frank Salt Berger: "It is time for a restoration"; in: Taunuszeitung from July 30, 2011, page 15
- ↑ Video of the championship run (from minute 7:46)
- ↑ Evelyn Kreutz: Ski eagles are drawn to the Feldberg . In: Taunuszeitung of December 28, 2017, p. 20.
- ↑ 77th meeting of the specialist committee for health resorts, recreation places and healing wells in Hesse on November 17, 2011 . In: State pointer for the state of Hesse . No. 7 , 2012, ISSN 0724-7885 , p. 221 .
- ↑ Gudrun Schirrmann: Our Youth Hostels , in: Ingrid Berg: Heimat Hochtaunus , Frankfurt 1988, ISBN 3-7829-0375-7 , page 488
- ↑ Angelika Baeumerth: Chronicle 1972–2000 Hochtaunuskreis, 2001, page 165
- ^ Herbert Alsheimer: Refuge Oberreifenberg ; in: Yearbook of the Hochtaunuskreis 2005 , ISBN 3-7973-0914-7 , pages 213-220
- ↑ taunus.info ( memento of December 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on May 1, 2017
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