Czerwonka (Biskupiec)

Czerwonka
	Czerwonka
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Olsztyn
Gmina :	Biskupiec
Geographic location :	53 ° 55 '  N , 20 ° 54'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 54 '33 "  N , 20 ° 54' 29"  E
Height :	144 m npm
Residents :	917 (March 31, 2011)
Postal code :	11-300
Telephone code :	(+48) 89
License plate :	NOL
Economy and Transport
Street :	: Bartoszyce - Bisztynek ↔ Biskupiec - Szczytno - Chorzele - Kleszewo / DK 61 (- Pułtusk )
Rail route :	Toruń – Olsztyn – Korsze
	Czerwonka – Ełk (freight traffic to Mrągowo)
Next international airport :	Danzig

Czerwonka ( German  Rothfließ ) is a village in the Gmina Biskupiec ( town and country municipality Bischofsburg ) in the powiat Olsztyński ( Allenstein district ) of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

Daddai Lake

The village is located in historic East Prussia on the banks of Lake Daddai ( Jezioro Dadaj in Polish ), about six kilometers northwest of Bischofsburg ( Biskupiec ). It is 22 km to the northeast to the former district town of Rößel ( Reszel in Polish ), today's district metropolis of Olsztyn (Allenstein) is 32 km to the southwest.

history

The village of Rothfließ (still Rothflies after 1820 ) was founded in 1365; On September 20 of that year, Bishop Johann II. Stryprock awarded his loyal Junker Tilo , son of Tilo von Böhmen , 40 Hufen forest between Bößau (now Biesowo in Polish ) and the Zehnhuben in the field - called Kunzen at Daddaisee - as a reward for loyal service . as a rider's fief to Kulmer law . This became Rothfliess.

Between 1874 and 1945 the village was incorporated into the district of Bößau (seat in Groß Bößau , in Polish Biesowo ). He belonged to the district of Rößel in the administrative district of Königsberg (from 1905 administrative district of Allenstein ) in the Prussian province of East Prussia . During the same period, Rothfließ was included in the Bößau registry office .

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Rothfließ belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Rothfließ, 580 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not receive any votes.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region with the village in the spring of 1945 . Soon after, Rothfließ was placed under Polish administration together with the southern half of East Prussia . The village was given the Polish place name Czerwonka . Unless the German natives had fled, they were largely expelled after 1945 or later resettled and replaced by Poles .

Today Czerwonka is part of the urban and rural community Biskupiec (Bishop's Castle) in the Olsztyński powiat ( Olsztyn district ), until 1998 of the Olsztyn Voivodeship , since then it has belonged to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Population development

The number of inhabitants of Rothfließ increased from 218 in 1820 to 597 in 1895 or 580 in 1905. On December 1, 1910, 836 people lived here. In 1933 there were 974 inhabitants and in 1939 the number rose to 983. According to a census in 2010, Czerwonka had 953 inhabitants.

Religions

Evangelical

Until 1945, Rothfließ belonged to the Evangelical Church in Bischofsburg (now Biskupiec in Polish ) in the church province of East Prussia of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union . To better care for the Protestant church members in the Diaspora region Rößel, small chapels were built in various places, including one in Rothfließ. It was inaugurated on October 27, 1895.

Even today the church in Biskupiec is the place of worship for the evangelical inhabitants of Czerwonka. It is a branch church of the parish Sorkwity ( German  Sorquitten ) in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

The parish church of the Roman Catholic church members from Roth flow was before 1945 in the United Bößau in the diocese of Warmia . But there was also a chapel in Rothfließ.

Today the Catholics continue to relate to Biesowo , which now has a parish within the Archdiocese of Warmia of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .

Attractions

In Czerwonka there is still an undamaged memorial for those who died in World War I in the form of a small red brick chapel , built in 1920.

Sons and daughters of the place

• Alfred Preuss (1887–1947), politician of the NSDAP

traffic

Street

Czerwonka is located on the verkehrspoltisch major north-south axis of the Polish National Road 57 (former German national route 128 ) that in Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) to the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast aufnimnmt traffic coming and - the Warmia and Mazury crossing - in the Masovian near the town of Pułtusk .

rail

Railway station of the place

On January 1, 1872, a train station was set up in Czerwonken with the construction of the Thorn – Insterburg railway line . A private horse-drawn bus line ran to the nearby Bischofsburg . With the construction and opening of a branch line from Königsberg (Prussia) (today Russian: Kaliningrad ) via Zinten (Russian: Kornewo) via Landsberg (now Polish: Górowo Iławeckie ) to Lower Lake (Polish: Ruciane-Nida ) in Masuria on September 1, 1898, today a section of the Czerwonka – Ełk railway line, Czerwonken gained additional importance as a railway junction.

Today only the section Toruń – Korsze ( German  Thorn – Korschen ) is used in regular operation.

literature

• Artur Becker describes in his novel Uncle Jimmy, the Indians and I his return to Czerwonka ( reading sample ).
• After a trip through Masuria, the poet Gerald Zschorsch wrote a poem in several parts called Czerwonka .
• Alexander Issajewitsch Solzhenitsyn describes the battle for the Rothfließ train station in his novel August Vierzehn .

Web links

• Historical photos
• Memorial plaque on the chapel

Individual evidence

1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on May 28, 2017
2. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 183
3. ↑ Dietrich Lange: Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Rothfließ
4. ^ Rolf Jehke: District Bößau
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Rothfließ (Rößel district) at GenWiki
6. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 109
7. ^ Uli Schubert: Community directory, Rößel district
8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rößel district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
9. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny: Portret miejscowości statystycznych w gminie Biskupiec (powiat olsztyński, województwo warmińsko-mazurskie) w 2010 r. Online query
10. ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 3 documents. Göttingen 1968, pp. 489-490.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Czerwonka - Rothfließ
12. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.