Górowo Iławeckie
| Górowo Iławeckie | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Bartoszyce | ||
| Area : | 3.32 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 16 ′ N , 20 ° 29 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 3951 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 11-220 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NBA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ext. 511 : Toprzyny↔ Lidzbark Warmiński | ||
| Ext. 512 : Szczurkowo - Bartoszyce ↔ Pieniężno | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Kaliningrad | |||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | City municipality (with seat of a rural municipality) | ||
| Surface: | 3.32 km² | ||
| Residents: | 3951 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 1190 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2801021 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Jacek Kostka | ||
| Address: | pl. Ratuszowy 18 11-220 Górowo Iławeckie |
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| Website : | gorowoilaweckie.pl | ||
Górowo Iławeckie [ guˈrɔvɔ iwaˈvɛtskʲɛ ] (German Landsberg (East Prussia) ) is a town with 3951 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019) in Natangen . She belongs to the Powiat Bartoszycki of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
Górowo Iławeckie is located in historic East Prussia , about 20 kilometers west of Bartoszyce (Bartenstein) and 50 kilometers south of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) .
history
The city of Landsberg (East Prussia) was founded on February 5, 1335 as planned by the Teutonic Order and had a square floor plan. She was granted Kulmer law . The city was destroyed both in 1414 and in the war of estates in 1456, again in a major city fire in 1655. In 1440 Landsberg was one of the founding cities of the Prussian Confederation , which rebelled against the suzerainty of the Teutonic Order, but remained after the Second Peace of Thor from 1466 under the rule of the order. In 1482 he pledged the city to Nikolaus von Taubenheim. The noble feudal rule was only dissolved in the course of the Prussian reforms in 1809.
The great plague in 1710 fell victim to 767 out of around 1,000 inhabitants.
The city was affected in February 1807 as part of the Battle of Prussian Eylau by troops passing through and smaller skirmishes (near Hoofe / Dwórzno, French Bataille de Hoff). Napoleon Bonaparte stayed on 16./17. February 1807 in the city; numerous wounded and prisoners had to be cared for by the residents. As a result of these events, 400 inhabitants died of hunger and disease in the Landsberg parish in February and March 1807 alone, and around half of the city's population died in 1807 as a whole. In 1809 Landsberg still had 1,126 inhabitants.
In 1811 parts of the Grande Armée moved through the Landsberg region, around 40,000 French soldiers and allied soldiers camped in the vicinity of the city.
In 1818 the city became part of the Prussian Eylau district . In 1898 it was connected to the railway network, in 1908 a municipal gas works was put into operation, today accessible as a technical museum.
At the beginning of the First World War , the city suffered severe damage. On August 28, 1914, Russian troops occupied the city and were shelled by retreating German soldiers. As a result, the post office as well as a residential building and various barns were set on fire, and seven civilians were shot. After the Battle of Tannenberg , the Russian troops withdrew, and on September 2, 1914, Germans entered the city without a fight.
Even at the end of the Second World War in 1945, Landsberg was hotly contested. On February 2, 1945, the Red Army occupied the city. Soon afterwards, Landsberg was placed under Polish administration together with the southern half of East Prussia . Then the influx of Polish civilians began. Landsberg received the Polish place name Górowo Iławeckie . As far as the people had not fled, they were in the period that followed largely driven .
Until 1960 Górowo Iławeckie was the center of a Polish district .
As part of the Vistula campaign against the Ukrainian population in southern Poland in 1947, a large part of the local population was expelled and settled in the Górowo Iławeckie area. The Ukrainian minority maintains a native language school in Górowo Iławeckie, a cultural center for this minority.
The border to the newly created Kaliningrad Oblast took the city's northern hinterland with the old district town Prussian Eylau , to which the Polish name affix Iławeckie refers. Therefore, border trade is important today. A partnership is maintained with the city and / or the district of Verden in Lower Saxony , resulting from the sponsorship with the former district of Preussisch Eylau .
Population numbers
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | nearly 1,200 | |
| 1831 | 1,335 | |
| 1875 | 2,746 | |
| 1880 | 2,751 | |
| 1890 | 2,455 | 128 Catholics and 67 Jews |
| 1933 | 2,740 | |
| 1939 | 3.117 | |
| 2008 | 4,406 | |
| 2012 | 4,381 |
Attractions
Despite heavy destruction and the unfavorable border location, a lot of the old city has been preserved. The planned city layout with the large market square is still clearly visible. Particularly noteworthy are:
- Old church , Protestant until 1945, Ukrainian union since 1980
- Catholic Church of St. Agatha, neo-Gothic , in a dominant position over the city
- Heiliggeist-Hospital, building mostly from the 18th century
- Town hall, Gothic core, rebuilt several times
- Mill with partly medieval buildings
- Houses from the 19th century and from the time of reconstruction after the First World War
Gmina Górowo Iławeckie
The Górowo Iławeckie is the seat of the rural municipality of the same name , to which the city does not belong.
mayor
- around 1450 Bartolmäus Vrome
- around 1600 Martin Gödecke
- around 1641 Martin Härtlein
- around 1750 Otto Albrecht Kalow
- around 1750 Johann Köster
(...)
- 1804–1812 Carl Jutrzenka (a Silesian)
- 1812–1819 Carl Torno (businessman, honorary)
- 1819–1829 Daniel Kischke
- since 1829 Engelbrecht
- Buchhorn since 1852
- 1870–1885 Heinrich Paape
- 1885–1904 Lemprecht
- 1904–1910 Wilhelm Schuhmacher
- from Winterfeld since 1910 (provisional)
- 1910–1915 Paul Klaunig
- 1917–1920 leader
- 1920–1921 Hartwich (acting)
- 1921–1933 Besler
- 1933–1934 Dr. Albrecht
- 1934– Fritz Margenfeld
Sons of the city
- Christoph Wilhelm Busolt (1771–1831), born in Buchholz, Pestalozzi educator in Königsberg
- Karl Ludwig Gervien (1799–1858), Prussian major general
- Julius von Pastau (1813–1889), doctor in Königsberg, Berlin and Breslau
Twin cities
The cities and districts form a German-Polish-Russian partnership:
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, No. 7.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 512, no.107.
- Albrecht Wolf: 650 years ago: City of Landsberg founded. Eventful history in the Natanger district of Preußisch Eylau. In: Das Ostpreußenblatt , September 21, 1985, volume 38, p. 12 ( PDF )
Web links
- City website (German, Polish)
- http://www.gegner-suenkler.de/Ostpreussen/landsberg.htm
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ The city's website, Kierownictwo Urzędu , accessed on February 3, 2015
- ^ Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler : German city rights of the Middle Ages - partly recorded, partly communicated in full or in sample excerpts . New edition, Nuremberg 1866, p. 572.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, No. 7.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 512, no.107.
- ^ A b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. East Prussia: District Preussisch Eylau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of December 31, 2008. ( Memento from June 3, 2009 on WebCite ) Główny Urząd Statystyczny (CIS) (PDF).
- ↑ Size and Structure of Population and Vital Statistics in Poland by Territorial Division in 2012. As of December 31. ( Memento of June 8, 2013 on WebCite ) Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF).
- ↑ verden.de , accessed on February 2, 2015.