District of Prussian Eylau

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The Preußisch Eylau district was a Prussian district in East Prussia that existed under different names from 1818 to 1945.

On January 1, 1945, the Preussisch Eylau district comprised the three cities

and 112 other communities with fewer than 2000 inhabitants and two manor districts (forests, military training area).

After the end of World War II , the southern part of the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The northern half is now in the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad , the southern half is in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

The Lower Saxony district of Verden took over a sponsorship for the district of Preussisch Eylau in 1955 . From this a partnership developed in 1993 with the successor municipalities of the district in the Russian Rajon Bagrationowsk and in the Polish powiat Bartoszycki .

Population development

  • 1871: 50.269
  • 1885: 55.828
  • 1933: 49.316
  • 1939: 56.388

Religions

Denomination structure of the Preußisch-Eylau district in 1939:

Evangelical: 92.7%
Catholic: 4.9%
"Believing in God" : 0.6%
Unbelieving: 0.0%
Other: 1.8%

About 20 people were of Jewish faith.

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

The Prussian administrative reforms which originated with the February 1, 1818 Circle Cross Castle in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the province of East Prussia .

This included the parishes:

The district office was in Kreuzburg .

As early as April 1, 1819, the following changes were made to the district boundaries:

  • Integration of the parishes of Albrechtsdorf, Borken, Buchholz, Canditten, Eichhorn, Gutenfeld, Landsberg, Peisten, Petershagen and Reddenau from the district of Zinten into the district of Kreuzburg ,
  • Incorporation of the parish of Almenhausen / Abschwangen from the Friedland district into the Kreuzburg district ,
  • Integration of the parishes of Brandenburg and Pörschken from the Kreuzburg district into the Zinten district,
  • Incorporation of the parishes of Lichtenhagen and Mahnsfeld from the Kreuzburg district into the Königsberg i. Pr. .

At the same time the district name changed to Prussian Eylau . The district office also moved to Prussian Eylau.

From April 13, 1824, the district belonged to the new province of Prussia through the merger of the two Prussian provinces (Realunion from December 3, 1829).

North German Confederation and German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the province of Prussia was divided into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the district of Preussisch Eylau became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.

On February 16, 1878, the previously communal- free Vorwerk Banditten from the Preussisch Eylau district was incorporated into the Heiligenbeil district.

On October 23, 1886, the Dichtenwalde estate was transferred from the Königsberg district to the Preussisch Eylau district.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Preußisch Eylau district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which almost all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On the occasion of this general clean-up, the district boundary was changed slightly on November 1, 1928: On this day, the manor districts Bonschen, Glommen, Karolinenhof and Keegels moved from the Bartenstein district to the Preussisch Eylau district . Around 1933 the Preussisch-Eylau district had around 48,400 inhabitants with a total area of ​​1233 square kilometers.

During the East Prussian Operation (1945) the district was occupied by the Red Army and then largely came under Soviet administration. The German population remaining in the Polish-administered sub-area after the end of the war was subsequently expelled by the local Polish administrative authorities .

District administrators

Local constitution

The Preußisch Eylau district was divided into town communities, rural communities and - until they were almost completely eliminated - in independent manor districts.

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipalities of Kreuzburg (Ostpr.) (Russian: Slawskoje (Славское)), Landsberg (Ostpr.) (Polish: Górowo Iławiecki) and Prussian Eylau (Russian: Bagrationowsk (Багратионовск)) now used the name city .

With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .

On April 1, 1938, the new Stablack manor district was created. This included the military training area of ​​the same name for the Wehrmacht. Since January 1, 1939, it also formed an administrative district.

A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

Districts

The 112 rural communities and two manor districts in the Preußisch Eylau district were distributed over 35 administrative districts until 1945 (in the following with the current name in association with the Bagrationovsk Rajon ( Preußisch Eylau district ) in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad and the Powiat Bartoszycki ( Bartenstein district ) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship ):

  • Bagrationovsk Raion :
  1. Swinging down = Tischino (Тишино)
  2. Althof = Orechowo (Орехово)
  3. Arnsberg = Pobeda (Победа)
  4. Blankenau = Jerschowo (Ершово)
  5. Dexen = Nagornoje (Нагорное)
  6. Kilgis = Krasnoarmeiskoje (Красноармейское)
  7. Delete = Lavrowo (Лаврово)
  8. Moritten = Oktjabrskoje (Октябрьское)
  9. Mühlhausen = Gwardeiskoje (Гвардейское)
  10. Naunien = Berjosowka (Берёзовка)
  11. Rositten = Bogatowo (Богатово)
  12. Schrombhnen = Moskowskoje (Московское)
  13. Nod = Medowoje (Медовое)
  14. Stablack = Dolgorukowo (Долгоруково)
  15. Tharau = Vladimirovo (Владимирово)
  16. Uderwangen = Chekhovo (Чехово)
  17. Wackern = Jelanowka (Елановка)
  18. Wittenberg = Niwenskoje (Нивенское) (until 1930: Jesau = Juschny (Южный))
  19. Wogau = Lermontowo (Лермонтово)
  • Powiat Bartoszycki :
  1. Albrechtsdorf = Wojciechy
  2. Alt Steegen = Stary Stegny
  3. Beisleiden = Bezledy
  4. Buchholz = Bukowiec
  5. Oak = dęby
  6. Eichhorn = Wiewiórki
  7. Glandau = Glądy
  8. Groß Peisten = Piasty Wielkie
  9. Nerfken = Nerwiki
  10. Perscheln = Piersele
  11. Reddenau = Rodnowo
  12. Tolks = Tolko
  13. Topprienen = Toprzyny
  14. Wildenhoff = Dzikowo Iławieckie
  15. Worienen = Woryny

Place names

Lawdt was renamed Groß Lauth in 1934.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Kreis Preußisch Eylau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, 15th volume, Leipzig 1933, p. 114.
  2. ↑ http://www.territorial.de/