Yuzhny (Kaliningrad)

settlement Juschny Jesau, Marienhof and Katharinenhof Южный Federal district Northwest Russia Oblast Kaliningrad Rajon Bagrationovsk Earlier names Jesau (until 1950), Katharinenhof (until 1950) population 2772 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Time zone UTC + 2 Telephone code (+7) 40156 Post Code 238436 License Plate 39, 91 OKATO 27 203 813 006 Geographical location Coordinates 54 ° 35 ′  N , 20 ° 36 ′  E Coordinates: 54 ° 35 ′ 0 ″  N , 20 ° 36 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Kaliningrad Oblast

Juschny ( Russian Южный , German Jesau , Marienhöh and Katharinenhof ) is a place in the northeast of the Russian Bagrationovsk district within the Kaliningrad Oblast and belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Bagrationovsk district . However, the former Marienhöh branch became deserted , presumably in connection with the expansion of the air force base there .

Geographical location

Juschny is located southeast of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and north of Bagrationowsk (Prussian Eylau) on the Russian trunk road A 195 (former German Reichsstrasse 128 ) on the east bank of the Frisching (Russian: Prochladnaja). The nearest train station is the Vladimirovo (Tharau) station on the Kaliningrad – Bagrationovsk railway line , which is, however, located in Niwenskoye .

history

Jesau

The place Jesau was first mentioned in 1287. Old spellings were Jesaw and Gesaw . The church was the center of a parish for several neighboring places. In 1533 the first Protestant pastor was named. The church burned down after a lightning strike in 1701 and was rebuilt in 1726.

Jesau was from 1874 to 1930 Amtsdorf in the district of Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910 there were 209 people living in the Jesau estate. In 1928 the manor districts of Arweiden , Bögen and Marienhöh were incorporated into Jesau, now converted into a rural community . The population consequently rose to 433 by 1933 and was already 1,980 in 1939.

In the years 1935/36 an air base near Jesau was built, which was made the location of an air force garrison. Among other things, the staff, the I. and III. Group of the Kampfgeschwader 28 is based. The I./KG 28 was renamed here in early 1940 to III./Kampfgeschwader 26 . When the attack on Poland began , I./Lehrgeschwader 1 flew its attacks from here. In June 1941, at the beginning of the German-Soviet War , I./Kampfgeschwader 77 was based here.

In Jesau there was also an external labor camp for women from the Stutthof ( Polish: Sztutowo ) concentration camp in 1944 and 1945 , which was closed at the end of January 1945 with the evacuation to Palmnicken (today Russian: Jantarny) and the cruel massacre of Palmnicken .

The Second World War ended for the residents of Jesau with flight and expulsion, in the village only fewer than six houses survived.

Jesau District (1874–1930)

On May 7, 1874, the district of Jesau was established, which consisted of three rural parishes and four manor districts :

Name (until 1947/1950)	Russian name	Remarks
Rural communities :
Lichtenfelde	Svobodnoye
Thomsdorf	Solnechnoye
Wittenberg	Niwenskoye
Manor districts :
Arweiden	Lineinoje	1928 incorporated into the rural community of Jesau
Carhaben, from 1906: Groß Karimmern		In the rural community of 1,928 Lawdt incorporated
Jesau	Yuzhny	Converted to a rural community in 1928
Lichtenfelde	Svobodny	1928 incorporated into the rural community of Lichtenfelde

Soon after the establishment of the Jesau administrative district, the Katharinenhof estate was added, and in 1876 the Marienhöh estate (became part of the rural community of Jesau in 1928) and Friederikenthal (was integrated into the rural community of Wittenberg in 1928 ) were included in the administrative district.

The district of Jesau was renamed on May 28, 1930 in "District Wittenberg ". The four communities Jesau, Lichtenfelde, Thomsdorf and Wittenberg belonged to it until 1945.

Marienhöh

The small estate village with the former name Marienhöh . was founded around 1840. It belonged to the district of Jesau in the district of Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910 there were 48 inhabitants in Marienhöh

On September 30, 1928, Marienhöh gave up its independence and merged with the estate districts of Arweiden (now in Russian: Lineinoje), Bögen (now in Russian: Lineinoje) and Jesau to form the new rural community of Jesau.

Katharinenhof (Jamskoje)

One kilometer northeast of Juschny / Jesau is the Gutsdorf formerly known as Katharinenhof . It came in 1874 for District Jesau in district Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910 47 people lived here.

In 1928 Katharinenhof lost its independence and was incorporated into Lichtenfelde (which no longer exists today). In 1930 the place finally came to the Wittenberg district .

When northern East Prussia became part of the Soviet Union in 1945 , this also applied to Katharinenhof. In 1950, Katharinenhof was renamed Jamskoje. At the same time, the place was included in the village Soviet Niwenski selski Sowet in Kaliningrad Raion .

Yuzhny

Jesau and Marienhöh, located two kilometers to the north, came to the Soviet Union with northern East Prussia in 1945 and were jointly renamed Juschny in 1950 . At the same time Juschny was classified in the village soviet Niwenski selski Sowet in Kaliningrad Raion . In 1952, the 689th Fighter Regiment was stationed there on the air force base known as the "Niwenskoje" (Аэродром "Нивенское") air force base. In 1959 the place came to Bagrationovsk Raion . Before 1975 Jamskoje was attached to Juschny. In 1978 the 288th helicopter regiment was also stationed.

In 2004 the military base was closed after the regiments withdrew to Chkalovsk . From 2008 to 2016 Yuzhny belonged to the rural municipality of Niwenskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Bagrationovsk.

religion

Yuzhny belongs to the diocese of Kaliningrad and Baltijsk of the Russian Orthodox Church .

Remnants of the walls are still preserved from the former German Protestant church from 1726. The next Protestant parish is today in Gwardejskoje (Mühlhausen).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Location information - picture archive East Prussia: Jesau
3. ↑ Jesau at ostpreussen.net
4. ↑ ^{a b} Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district of Preußisch Eylau
5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Preussisch Eylau (Russian Bagrationowsk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Jehke, Jesau / Wittenberg district
7. ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Marienhöh
8. ^ Rolf Jehke, Jesau / Wittenberg district
9. ↑ Uli Schubert, community directory, Prussian Eylau district
10. ^ Location information - picture archive East Prussia: Katharinenhof
11. ↑ ^{a b} The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 5 июля 1950 г., №745 / 3, "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Regulation 745/3 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "About renaming of places Oblast Kaliningrad "from July 5, 1950)
12. ↑ According to the Административно-территориальное деление Калининградской области 1975 (The administrative-territorial division of the Kaliningrad 1975 published by Soviet the Kaliningrad) on http://www.soldat.ru/ (rar file)
13. ↑ Historical views
14. ↑ View 2009
15. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )