Niwenskoye
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Niwenskoje
Wittenberg and Friederikenthal Нивенское
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Niwenskoje ( Russian: Нивенское , German Wittenberg, Kreis Preußisch Eylau and Friederikenthal , Lithuanian Nivenskojė ) is a settlement in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in the Bagrationovsk district . The place Niwenskoje belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Bagrationovsk district .
Geographical location
Niwenskoje is located southeast of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and north of Bagrationowsk (Preussisch Eylau) on the Russian trunk road A 195 (former German Reichsstrasse 128 ). In town, two side streets, coming from Lugowoje (Gutenfeld) and Slawskoje (Kreuzburg (East Prussia)) , meet the A 195 and connect the town with the surrounding area.
The next train station is in the local area of Niwenskoje, but bears the name of the neighboring village Vladimirovo (Tharau) . It is a stop on the railway line from Kaliningrad to Bagrationowsk, a section of the former East Prussian Southern Railway , which continued into what is now Poland before 1945 . In addition, this was the exit station for the Tharau – Kreuzburg (Russian: Wladimirowo– Sławsko ) railway .
history
Until 1945
Niwenskoje / Friederikenthal
Gutsdorf, once known as Friederikenthal , is located one kilometer southeast of the neighboring town, formerly known as Wittenberg . It is 18 kilometers to Kaliningrad (Koenigsberg) and Bagrationowsk (Prussian Eylau) is 22 kilometers away. On January 1, 1883, the village was named as a place within the district of Jesau (today in Russian: Juschny) and was therefore in the district of Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia .
On December 1, 1910, the Friederikenthal manor district had 39 inhabitants.
On September 30, 1928, Friederikenthal lost its independence and was incorporated into the rural community of Wittenberg (Niwenskoje) together with the neighboring village of Braxeinswalde (Russian: Otwaschnoje, now defunct) and thus came to the newly named Wittenberg district in 1930.
In 1945 Friederikenthal came to the Soviet Union with all of northern East Prussia and in 1946 received the Russian name "Niwenskoje" together with the neighboring town of Wittenberg.
Personalities of the place
- Alexander Grau (born January 1, 1878 in Friederikenthal; † 1938), German professional officer, film company manager and long-time UFA board member
Niwenskoje / Wittenberg
The rural community formerly called Wittenberg (Preußisch Eylau district) is 17 kilometers from Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and 23 kilometers from Bagrationowsk (Preußisch Eylau) . Between 1874 and 1930 Wittenberg belonged to the district of Jesau (today Russian: Juschny) in the district of Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . On December 1, 1910, the place had 494 inhabitants.
On April 1, 1912, the Dorotheenhof establishment, which was only about 82 hectares in size, was incorporated into the rural community of Wittenberg . On September 30, 1928, the two estate districts of Friederikenthal (Niwenskoje) and Braxeinswalde (Otwaschnoje) came to Wittenberg. The increase in area and population made itself felt in the population: in 1933 it was 808, in 1939 it was 896.
On May 28, 1930, the Jesau district was renamed: Wittenberg became the district village and the eponymous place of the "Wittenberg district", which existed until 1945.
As a result of the war, Wittenberg came to the Soviet Union with northern East Prussia in 1945 and, together with the neighboring village of Friederikenthal, received the Russian name "Niwenskoje" in 1946.
District Wittenberg (1930–1945)
On 28 May 1930, the District Wittenberg in renaming the former administrative district was Jesau (now Russian: Youzhny) created, which continues until 1945 and for district Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged. In 1930 the administrative district included the four rural communities Jesau (Juschny), Lichtenfelde (Swobodnoje, no longer existent), Thomsdorf (Solnetschnoje) and Wittenberg (Niwenskoje). On April 1, 1937, the Thomsdorf community was reclassified to the Uderwangen (Chekhovo) district, so that on January 1, 1945 only the three communities Jesau, Lichtenfelde and Wittenberg were integrated into the district.
Since 1945
In July 1947 Wittenberg was renamed Niwenskoje and at the same time the seat of the newly established Kaliningrad Rajon and the seat of a village soviet. After the dissolution of the Kaliningrad Raion , the place became part of the Bagrationovsk Raion . From 2008 to 2016 the place was the seat of a rural community.
Niwenski selski Sowet 1947–2008
The village soviet Niwenski selski Sowet (ru.Nивенскй сельский Совет) was established in July 1947. It was initially in the Kaliningrad Raion . After the dissolution of Kaliningrad Raion , the village soviet came to Bagrationovsk Raion . After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Niwenski selski okrug (ru. Нивенскй сельский округ). In 2008, as part of local self-government, the remaining six places in the village district were incorporated into the newly formed rural community Niwenskoje selskoje posselenije ( Maloje Otwaschnoje and Otwaschnoje not until 2010).
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Yamskoye (Ямское) | Katharinenhof | The place was renamed in 1950 and connected to Juschny before 1975. |
| Yuzhny (Южный) | Jesau and Marienhöh | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Maloje Otvaschnoje (Малое Отважное) | ( to Wickbold) | The place name was based on the place name Otwaschnoje . |
| Niwenskoje (Нивенское) | Wittenberg | Administrative headquarters |
| Otvaschnoje (Отважное) | Wickbold and Braxeinswalde | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially included in the village soviet Selenopolski . |
| Partisanskoye (Партизанское) | Schönmohr | The place was renamed in 1947 and was initially included in the village Soviet Marijski . |
| Severny (Северный) | A place between Niwenskoje and Yuzhny, which emerged from the Yuzhny sovkhos. | |
| Swobodnoye (Свободное) | Lichtenfelde | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
Niwenskoye selskoye posselenie 2008-2016
The rural municipality of Niwenskoje selskoje posselenije (ru.Nивенское сельское поселение) was established in 2008. It was assigned 13 localities, each classified as a "settlement" (Russian: possjolok). They previously belonged to the village districts of Niwenski selski okrug and Wladimirowski selski okrug . In 2017 the municipality was incorporated into the newly created urban district of Bagrationovsk .
| Place name | Name (until 1947/1950) |
|---|---|
| Yuzhny (Южныӣ) | Jesau and Katharinenhof |
| Kalmykowo (Калмыково) | Heyde |
| Lineinoje (Линейное) | Arweiden and arches |
| Maiskoje (Майское) | Groß Bajohren (1938–1945 Baiersfelde ) and Packerau |
| Maloje Otvaschnoje (Малое Отважное) * | Little Wickbold |
| Niwenskoje (Нивенское) | Wittenberg and Friederikenthal |
| Otvaschnoje (Отважное) * | Wickbold and Braxeinswalde |
| Partisanskoye (Партизанское) | Schönmohr |
| Pobeda (Победа) | Arnsberg and Struwe |
| Sadowoje (Садовое) | (unnamed residential space in the city of Kreuzburg (Ostpr.)) |
| Zarechnoye (Заречное) | Ramsen , Dopsattel and Liepnicken |
| Severny (Северный) | Marienhof , Prussian Eylau district |
| Vladimirovo (Владимирово) | Tharau and Ernsthof |
(The settlements marked with * came to the Niwenskoje selskoje posselenije in 2010 and belonged to the Novomoskowskoje selskoje posselenije from 2008 to 2010 ).
church
Until 1945
Before 1945 the inhabitants of Friederikenthal and Wittenberg (with Dorotheenhof) were almost without exception Protestant . While Friederikenthal and Dorotheenhof were parish in the parish of Jesau (today in Russian: Juschny), Wittenberg belonged to the parish of Tharau (Wladimirowo). Both parish districts were in the church district Preußisch Eylau (Bagrationowsk) within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Since 1946
During the time of the Soviet Union , church life was not possible due to state orders. It was not until the 1990s that new Evangelical Lutheran congregations formed in the Kaliningrad Oblast . The closest to Niwenskoye are the Resurrection Parish in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and its branch church, the village parish in Gwardeiskoje (Mühlhausen) . Both belong to the Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELKER).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ Location information - picture archive East Prussia: Friederikenthal
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Jesau / Wittenberg district
- ↑ Uli Schubert, community directory, Prussian Eylau district
- ^ Location information - picture archive East Prussia: Wittenberg
- ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Jesau / Wittenberg district (as above)
- ↑ Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district Preußisch Eylau (as above)
- ↑ Location information-picture archive East Prussia: Dorotheenhof
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District Preussisch Eylau (Russian Bagrationowsk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 25 июля 1947 г. "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of July 25, 1947: Establishment of the Oblast-Kaliningrad)
- ↑ By the Закон Калининградской области от 30 июня 2008 г. № 253 «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования" Багратионовский городской округ "» (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 30 June 2008, Nr. 253: On the organization of local self-government in the field of municipal formation "city circle Bagrationowsk")
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
