Slavskoye
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Slavskoje / Kreuzburg
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Slawskoje ( Russian Славское , German Creuzburg i. Ostpr. (1931-1946 Kreuzburg (Ostpr.) ), Lithuanian Kryžbarkas , Polish Krzyżbork ), is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the rural community of Dolgorukovskoye in Bagrationovsk Raion .
location
The village is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about 14 km north of Preußisch Eylau ( Bagrationowsk ), 25 km south of Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ) and 45 km northeast of Braunsberg ( Braniewo ).
history
In 1240 the Knights of built Teutonic Order in their province Natangen location German Order Castle Kreuzburg at the site of an ancient fortress of the Prussians . This castle fell into ruin in the late Middle Ages, but its stylized image was retained in the city's coat of arms.
Between the Ordensburg in the south and the Pasmar River in the north, the town complex, which is secured with its own walls and gates and around a rectangular market square in the center, was settled on a flood-protected hill with the town church in the south.
Already in 1315 Kreuzburg received by the then religious Marshal Heinrich von Plötzke the town charter by the Chelmno Tangible .
The accompanying historical illustration shows the city from the north with a mill by the Pasmar Bridge as well as the already dilapidated city wall and the town hall on the market square and the city church.
Due to the scenic and harsh climatic conditions and the relative proximity to the city of Königsberg , its own urban development was hampered; Kreuzburg was a modest arable town that hardly ever housed more than 2000 inhabitants within its borders. The city was also a post office in the Kingdom of Prussia. The immediate vicinity of the city remained only sparsely populated, around 20 hamlet-like settlements and goods used the city as a supply center.
In addition to a few grinding mills and a sawmill, the town had a Protestant church, a district court, a dairy, a brick factory, a prison and a school around 1900. The northern arterial road led in the direction of Königsberg, an eastern junction to Tharau . In a southerly direction this main road continued to Preussisch Eylau.
The Prussian Eastern Railway was built past Kreuzburg. It was not until 1908 that the city received a connection through the Tharau – Kreuzburg small railway to Tharau on the Königsberg-Rastenburg state railway. With the construction of the Reichsautobahn (today the Russian trunk road R 516 ) from Königsberg to Elbing, Kreuzburg also got a freeway entrance about 5 km away at the village of Sollnicken . Until the early 1930s, the city was written in the form of Creuzburg in East Prussia . Due to the low economic growth, the very regular layout of the city was completely preserved until 1945.
The city of Kreuzburg was in the administrative district of Königsberg , district of Preußisch Eylau .
World War II and after
In February 1945, the Heiligenbeil Kessel Battle had almost completely destroyed the city. Only the stump of the tower remained of the town church. The nave with the pulpit and council stalls created by a Riga master in the 16th century burned out completely. Today only two houses on Kirchenstrasse from the pre-war period have survived.
After the Second World War, Kreuzburg was in the southern part of the restricted area around the now Soviet port city of Kaliningrad. A reconstruction of the city did not take place, the place was renamed Slavskoje and lost its town charter .
Today the urban area, today classified as a "settlement" (Russian: possjolok), belongs to the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad , Rajon Bagrationovsk . The former and unspecified residential area in the north of the city and across the river Pasmar (Russian: Maiskaja) is now a separate settlement called Sadowoje , which is now not - like Slavskoje - part of the rural community Dolgorukowo (Domtau) , but to Niwenskoje selskoje posselenije (Rural community Niwenskoje (Wittenberg) ) belongs.
Population development until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | 1,018 | without the garrison (three companies of infantry ) |
| 1802 | 1,511 | |
| 1810 | 1,154 | |
| 1816 | 1,303 | thereof 1,289 Evangelicals and 14 Catholics (no Jews) |
| 1821 | 1,351 | |
| 1858 | 1.932 | 1,892 Protestants, six Catholics, 21 other Christians, four Mennonites and nine Jews |
| 1875 | 2,004 | |
| 1980 | 2.002 | |
| 1885 | 1,976 | 17 Catholics and 11 Jews |
| 1905 | 1,848 | |
| 1910 | 1,726 | |
| 1833 | 1,802 | |
| 1939 | 2.005 |
church
The church dates from the 14th century. It was damaged in the war, today only the tower ruins remain.
Parish
Kreuzburg was an old church village and already existed in the pre-Reformation period. The Reformation found its way very early. For a long time the place was subordinated to the inspection of the court preacher in Königsberg (today Russian: Kaliningrad), so it was finally assigned to the church district Preussisch Eylau (Bagrationowsk) within the church province of East Prussia of the church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 .
Today there is no longer a Protestant congregation in Slavskoje. The place is now in the catchment area of the village parish in Gwardeiskoje (Mühlhausen) , a branch of the Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) . It belongs to the Kaliningrad provost in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia (ELCER).
Parish locations (until 1945)
The extensive parish of Kreuzburg included until 1945:
| Name (until 1946) | Russian name |
|---|---|
| Arnsberg | Pobeda |
| Nod | Woinowo |
| Globuhnen | Medovoye |
| Heyde | Kalmykowo |
| Caverns | Pervomaiskoye |
| Kilgis |
Krasnoarmeiskoje , until 1992: Zarechye |
| Kissitten near Kreuzburg |
Pobereschje , until 1992: Grigorjewo |
| Small lab tendons | Sosnovka |
| crutches | Kamenka |
| Nod |
Zarechnoye , until 1992: Ostrovnoye |
| Moritten | Oktyabrskoye |
| Porschkeim |
Pobereschje , until 1992: Sidoworo |
| No sniff | Pobereschje |
| Sollau | Krasnoarmeiskoje |
| Nod | Medovoye |
| Struwe | Pobeda |
| Tiefenthal | Vysokoye |
| Tykri tendons | Medovoye |
Pastor (until 1945)
From the Reformation to the end of the Second World War, there were two parishes in Kreuzburg. The following officiated as evangelical clergy:
- NN., 1528
- Michael Spillmann, 1559
- Johann Gansewind, until 1565
- NN., 1567
- Hermann Eifler, 1573–1583
- Johann Haas, until 1584
- Johann Rudolph
- NN., Until 1589
- Nicolaus Praetorius, 1592–1602
- Michael N., until 1602
- Johann Stobäus, 1602–1619
- Heinrich Haltermann
- Heinrich Frischeintz, 1619–1621
- Michael Wegner, 1620-1645
- Jacob Christison, 1621-1624
- Gustav Coggius, 1624–1668
- Nicolaus Rittershusius, 1645–1672
- Christoph Hülner, 1668–1693
- Abraham Klein, 1672-1721
- Johann Klopcke, 1693-1718
- Christoph Stephani, 1719–1723
- Josua Schusterus, 1721–1729
- Christoph Stephani, 1719–1723
- Johann Jacob Milo, 1723-1733
- Johann Friedrich Straube, 1729–1768
- Johann H. Daniel Moldenhawer, 1733-1737
- Johann Grünenberg, 1738–1782
- Paul Thomas Anderson, 1768-1793
- Johann Salomo Grünenberg, 1783–1805
- Johann Jacob Feggler, 1792–1800
- Johann Philipp Schröder, 1793–1828
- Friedrich Wilhelm Fischer, 1801–1807
- Johann Immanuel Schiemann, 1808–1813
- Georg Friedrich Sande, 1814–1831
- August Wilhelm Schulze, 1829–1864
- Julius Lilienthal, 1831-1854
- Alexander OH Stoboy, 1842-1882
- Emil Kleist, 1864–1886
- Max Schliepe, 1885–1887
- Georg Schmidt, 1886–1908
- (Ernst Gotthard) Paul Neumann, 1888–1896
- Erdmund Johannes Höhne, 1897–1899
- Johann Theodor W. Sterner, 1899–1910
- Gottfried Wilhelm Steckel, 1909–1915
- Franz Georgesohn, 1910–1915
- Paul Friedrich Ferdinand Hafke, 1916–1931
- Hans Hermenau, 1919–1920
- Walter Becker, 1921–1925
- Arno Gronert, 1925-1945
- Lothar Guhl, 1931-1934
- Friedrich Schumacher, 1935–1942
- Arno Stritzel, 1942–1945
Sons of the city
- Franz Boy (1870–1945), Vice President of the Higher Regional Court in Königsberg
- Hermann von Boyen (1771–1848), Field Marshal General
- Michael Kongehl , baroque poet
- Wilhelm Reichermann (1845–1920), local poet
- Wilhelm Sahm (1873–1944), local history researcher
- Alfred Otto Dietrich (* May 2, 1882 Frauenburg, † April 23, 1942 Kreuzburg), local poet
See also
literature
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 173-175.
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, point 3).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 518, no.119.
- Wilhelm Sahm : History of the city of Creuzburg Ostpr. Thomas & Oppermann, 1901.
Web links
- City of Kreuzburg (Ostpr.) (Rolf Jehke, 2005)
- Slavskoye bankgorodov.ru
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 648, point 2).
- ^ Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme TK25 - sheet 1588 Kreuzburg in Ostpr. , Berlin 1910
- ^ Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme TK25 - sheet 1488 Mahnsfeld , Berlin 1908
- ↑ Alexander von Normann, Heinrich Lange: Nördliches Ostpreussen. Presence and memory of a cultural landscape. Pp. 233-235
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 16, point 3).
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 314–315, item 339.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p 54, item 153 ..
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. preylau.html # ew33preykreuzb. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ District community Preussisch Eylau
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg 1968, pp. 28–29
- ↑ a b Emil Kleist (1821–1886) and Paul Neumann (1857–1896) were members of the Corps Masovia .
