Gwardeiskoje (Kaliningrad)
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Gwardeiskoje
Mühlhausen, Kr. Preußisch Eylau Гвардейское
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Gwardeiskoje ( Russian Гвардейское , German Mühlhausen, Preußisch Eylau district ) is a village in the southwest of the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in the Bagrationovsk district . It belongs to the municipal self-government unit of the Bagrationovsk district .
Geographical location
Gwardeiskoje is located 30 kilometers south of Kaliningrad and ten kilometers north of Bagrationovsk ( Prussian Eylau ). The Russian trunk road A 195 (former German Reichsstrasse 128 ) runs through the place, which connects the oblast capital with the district town and continues into what is now the Polish national territory as state road 51 to Bartoszyce ( Bartenstein ) and Olsztyn ( Allenstein ).
The nearest railway station from Gwardeiskoje is Moskowskoje ( Schrombehnen ), four kilometers to the northwest, on the Russian state railway line from Kaliningrad with a final stop in Bagrationovsk (former railway line Königsberg (Prussia) - Rastenburg (now Polish: Kętrzyn) - Lyck (Ełk) - Prostken (Prostki) the East Prussian Southern Railway ).
Place name
The place name Mühlhausen occurs frequently in Germany and several times in the former East Prussia . It is the same with the Russian place name Gwardeiskoje .
history
The place called Mühlhausen before 1945 was founded in the first half of the 14th century, making it one of the oldest settlements in Natangen . In 1414 it was already referred to as a "small town".
From 1468 Mühlhausen was in the possession of the von Kunheim family after the order had transferred the knight and order district judge Daniel von Kunheim († 1507) from Lorraine for services rendered during the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466). His grandson Georg Wilhelm von Kuenheim was married to Margarete Luther , a daughter of Martin Luther (the reformer is said to have composed the Christmas carol “ From heaven high, there I come here ” in her cradle in 1534).
In 1645 the Mühlhausen estate passed to the von Kalckstein families .
On May 7, 1874, from the rural community of Mulhouse and the Gutsbezirk Knauten the District formed Knauten. In May 1930, the rural community of Vierzighuben was added to this district . When the Knauten community was incorporated into the Mühlhausen community on June 1, 1936, the Knauten district was renamed the Mühlhausen district. Until 1945, the two communities Mühlhausen and Vierzighuben formed this district.
In 1910 Mühlhausen had 585 inhabitants. The number rose to 1933 on 968 and was 1939, 941. By 1945 Muehlhausen belonged to the district Preußisch Eylau in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia .
When the Soviet administration took over the town in 1947, it was named Gwardeiskoje and at the same time became the seat of a village soviet. From 2008 to 2016 Gwardeiskoje was the seat of a rural community.
Gwardeiski selski Sowet / okrug 1947–2008
The village soviet Gwardeiski selski Sowet (ru. Гвардейский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Gwardeiski selski okrug (ru. Гвардейский сельский округ). In 2008, the remaining nine places in the village district were taken over into the newly formed rural community Gwardeiskoje selskoje posselenije.
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Bruski (Бруски) | Louisenthal | The place was renamed in 1950 and probably lost its independence before 1975. |
| Gwardeiskoje (Гвардейское) | Mulhouse | Administrative headquarters |
| Lyubimowo (Любимово) | Stretching | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Moskovskoye (Московское) | Good Schrombhnen | The place initially belonged to Strelnja and was renamed Moskovskoye before 1975. |
| Nekrasowo (Некрасово) | Moddien and word germ | The place was renamed in 1947 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Nevskoje (Невское) | Fabiansfelde and Groß Lauth | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Ossinowka (Осиновка) | Conitts | The place was renamed in 1947, initially belonged to the village soviet Tishinsky and was abandoned before 1975. |
| Prudki (Прудки) | Knauten | The place was renamed in 1947 and initially belonged to the village soviet Tishinsky. |
| Sergejewo (Сергеево) | Klein Lauth | The place was renamed in 1950 and initially belonged to the village soviet Vladimirovsky in Kaliningrad Raion . |
| Slavyanovka (Славяновка) | Romitten | The place was renamed in 1947 and initially belonged to the village soviet Tishinsky. |
| Soldatskoje (Солдатское) | Lewitten, Pilgrim and Schwellienen | The places were renamed in 1947. |
| Starosselje (Староселье) | Location presumably near Strelnja | |
| Strelnja (Стрельня) | Good scrom stretches, scrub stretches and school tits | The place was renamed in 1947. The former Schrombehnen estate (again) became independent as Moskowskoje before 1975. |
| Tambovskoye (Тамбовское) | Karlshof and Vierzighuben | The place was renamed in 1947. |
Gwardeiskoye selskoye posseleniye 2008-2016
The rural community Gwardeiskoje selskoje posselenije (ru. Гвардейское сельское поселение) was established in 2008. It was assigned 31 localities, each classified as a “settlement” (Russian: possjolok). They previously belonged to the village districts of Gwardeiski selski okrug, Nadeschdinski selski okrug , Orechowski selski okrug and Chekhowski selski okrug . In 2017 the municipality was incorporated into the newly created urban district of Bagrationovsk .
| Place name | German name | Place name | German name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Beryosovka (Берёзовка) |
Groß Sausgarten , Naunienen , Pieskeim as well as Genditten , Kniepitten , Perkuiken , Sossehnen and Tolkeim |
Ossokino (Осокино) |
Great Waldeck | |
|
Bolshakovskoye (Большаковское) |
Germ of suffering |
Pessochnoe (Песочное) |
Gallitten and Palpasch |
|
|
Bolschoje Osjornoje (Большое Озёрное) |
Small Sausgarten |
Prudki (Прудки) |
Knauten | |
|
Borowoje (Боровое) |
Bekarten , Melonkeim and tube mill |
Ryabinovka (Рябиновка) |
Schmoditten | |
|
Dubki (Дубки) |
Neucken |
Sagorodnoye (Загородное) |
Sledge | |
|
Gwardeiskoje (Гвардейское) |
Mulhouse |
Sergejewo (Сергеево) |
Klein Lauth | |
|
Ilyushino (Ильюшино) |
Bönkeim and Johannisberg |
Slavyanovka (Славяновка) |
Romitten | |
|
Kurskoje (Курское) |
Althof (living space) |
Znamenskoye (Знаменское) |
Carriages | |
|
Maloje Osjornoje (Малое Озёрное) |
Unfold |
Soldatskoje (Солдатское) |
Lewitten , Pilgrim and Schwellienen |
|
|
Marijskoje (Марийское) |
Weissenstein |
Solnetschnoje (Солнечное) |
Thomsdorf | |
|
Minino (Минино) |
Sheets |
Starosselje (Староселье) |
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Moskovskoye (Московское) |
Schrombhnen |
Strelnja (Стрельня) |
School boobs | |
|
Nadeschdino (Надеждино) |
Lampasch |
Tambovskoye (Тамбовское) |
Karlshof and Vierzighuben |
|
|
Nevskoje (Невское) |
Fabiansfelde and Groß Lauth |
Tischino (Тишино) |
Swerving | |
|
Novosjolki (Новосёлки) |
Klein Waldeck |
Chekhovo (Чехово) |
Uderwangen | |
|
Orechowo (Орехово) |
Althof , district of Prussian Eylau |
church
( Church and list of pastors see main article in the village church Gwardeiskoje )
Church building
Before 1945, the church in Mühlhausen was considered to be the most beautiful country church in East Prussia , because its fittings were made from one piece between 1693 and 1698 by the wood sculptor Isaak Riga and the painter Gottfried Hinz .
The first church, dating from the early 14th century, was replaced by a new one by Daniel von Kunheim towards the end of the 15th century. In 1945, the year of the war, the building was hardly damaged. After that, however, the art treasures such as the pictures of the church patrons and several paintings by Lucas Cranach showing members of the Luther family were stolen. The church was then used as a warehouse. A mill was set up in the sacristy to produce compound feed. A truck entrance was broken out in the south wall and the windows were bricked up. The condition of the building was characterized in 1992 as "in severe decline".
In 1993 the church was handed over to the newly created Evangelical Lutheran provost of Kaliningrad . With strong help from Germany, the building was prepared in such a way that services can be held again since 1999. The 29 meter high tower received a radio-controlled tower clock in the summer of 2010. The only remainder of the former rich interior is part of the wooden barrel ceiling from 1695. This has since been renovated like a mural with the title "The Last Judgment" from the 15th century.
In the church is the grave of Margarete von Kunheims (* December 17, 1534 in Wittenberg ; † 1570), the daughter of Martin Luther .
Parish
While before 1945 the numerically few Catholic church members were looked after by the parish in Preussisch Eylau (today in Russian: Bagrationowsk), Mühlhausen, with its predominantly Protestant inhabitants since the Reformation, was the parish village for a vast parish . Until 1945 it belonged to the church district Preußisch Eylau in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Due to the flight and displacement of the local population, church life came to a standstill after 1945. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990/91, however, some Germans from Russia came to the village now called Gwardeiskoje, and a Protestant community emerged again, which then took possession of the former church. Gwardeiskoje is now a subsidiary of the parish of the Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad and belongs to the Kaliningrad provost within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Parish locations (until 1945)
Before 1945, the parish of Mühlhausen included, in addition to Mühlhausen itself:
| Name (until 1946) | Russian name | Name (until 1946) | Russian name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karlshof | Tambovskoye | Romitten | Slavyanovka | |
| Knauten | Prudki | School boobs | Strelnja | |
| Louisenthal | Storkeim | Gromowo | ||
| Perkuiken | Beryosovka | Fourteen hats | Tambovskoye |
Personalities of the place
- Johann Friedrich Schultz (1739–1805) Protestant theologian, mathematician and philosopher.
Connected to the place
- Caspar Henneberger (1529–1600), cartographer and chronicler , was pastor in Mühlhausen from 1560 to 1589 before moving to Königsberg.
- Margarete von Kunheim (1534–1570), daughter of the reformer Martin Luther , lived in Mühlhausen as a landlady from 1555 until her death and was buried in a later family crypt in front of the church's altar.
- Samuel Traugott Milsch (1780–1846), worked as a teacher and pastor (1807–1846) in Mühlhausen.
literature
- Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968.
- FWF von Rekowski: Mühlhausen in Prussia . In: newspaper for the German nobility . Volume 5, 1844, pp. 91-92.
- In memory of Pastor Milsch in Mühlhausen near Pr. Eylau . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 2, Königsberg 1846, pp. 307-312.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ By the Закон Калининградской области от 30 июня 2008 г. № 253 «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования" Багратионовский городской округ "» (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast of 30 June 2008, Nr. 253: On the organization of local self-government in the field of municipal formation "city circle Bagrationowsk")
- ^ FWF von Rekowski: Mühlhausen in Prussia . In: newspaper for the German nobility . Volume 5, 1844, pp. 91-92.
- ↑ a b Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung of October 9, 2010
- ^ Lettau: Some news about the church in Mühlhausen; Especially the observation of the historical peculiarity that Dr. Martin Luther's daughter Margarethe, married v. Kunheim, is buried here . In: Prussian provincial sheets . Volume 5, Königsberg 1831, pp. 49-62.
- ↑ Gäbler Genealogy