Johann Friedrich Schultz

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Johann Friedrich Schultz ( silhouette )

Johann Friedrich Schultz (also: Johann Schulz, Schulze ; born June 11, 1739 in Mülhausen ; † June 27, 1805 in Königsberg ) was a German Protestant theologian , mathematician and philosopher .

Life

After attending the Collegium Fridericianum in Königsberg, Schultz enrolled at the University of Königsberg on September 24, 1756 to study theological and philosophical sciences. He was particularly interested in the mathematics lectures. He then found a job as a private tutor, became pastor in Starkenberg in 1766 and pastor in Löwenhagen in 1769 . In 1775 he returned to Königsberg as a deacon at the Altroßgärter Church , on July 6th, 1775, he acquired the academic degree of a master's degree in philosophy and on August 2nd, 1775, he completed his habilitation at the University of Königsberg with a treatise on acoustics.

In 1776 he became second court preacher at the Königsberg Castle Church and on August 11, 1786, he was appointed as the successor to Friedrich Johann Buck as Professor of Mathematics at the Königsberg University. He began this task on January 15, 1787 with a speech about acoustics and gave lectures on applied mathematics, arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, algebra, finite and infinite analysis, astronomy, mechanics and optics. Schultz also appeared as a poet and with theological writings in the period that followed.

As a friend of Immanuel Kant , Johann Gottlieb Fichte became his pupil. In addition, he was an ardent proponent of Kant's religious-philosophical views and interpreted this, that only those teachings are useful, which serve to improve the moral mood. He rejected teachings such as divinity or the sacrificial death of Christ . In addition, Schultz also participated in the organizational tasks of the university and was rector of the Alma Mater in the summer semester of 1802 .

Works

  • Reflections on Empty Space. Koenigsberg, 1758
  • De geometria acustica seu solius auditus ope exercenda. Koenigsberg, 1775
  • De geometria acustica nec non de ratione 0: 0 seu basi calculi differentialis. Koenigsberg, 1787
  • Elementa theologiae popularis theoreticae. 1787
  • Attempting an exact theory of infinity. Koenigsberg, 1788
  • The beginnings of pure mathesis. Koenigsberg, 1790
  • Elementa theologiae practicae. 1791
  • Defense of the critical letters to Herr Emanuel Kant on his Critique of Pure Reason, especially against the Bornean attacks. Göttingen, 1792
  • Short teaching term in mathematics. Königsberg, 1797, 1805, 1806
    • 1. Vol. Brief teaching term for arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry and land measurement.
    • 2. Vol. Brief teaching term of the mechanical and optical sciences.
    • 3rd Vol. Popular Beginnings of Astronomy.
  • Very easy and brief development of some of the most important mathematical theories. Koenigsberg, 1803
  • The foundations of pure mechanics, which are at the same time the foundations of pure natural science. Koenigsberg, 1804

literature

  • Gert Schubring : Approaches to the establishment of theoretical terms in mathematics The theory of the infinite in Johann Schultz (1739-1805) , Historia Mathematica, Volume 9, 1982, pp. 441-484
  • Otto Liebmann:  Schultz, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 32, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 716 f.

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ See Karl Vorländer in: Immanuel Kant, Kleinere Schriften zur Geschichtsphilosophie, Ethik und Politik , Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg 1973, ISBN 3-7873-0109-7 , introduction by the editor Karl Vorländer p. XLVII.
personal data
SURNAME Schultz, Johann Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schulz, Johann; Schulze, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theological educator, mathematician and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH June 11, 1739
PLACE OF BIRTH Mulhouse , East Prussia
DATE OF DEATH June 27, 1805
Place of death Koenigsberg , East Prussia