Komsomolsk (Kaliningrad)
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Komsomolsk
Löwenhagen Комсомольск
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Komsomolsk ( Russian Комсомольск , German Löwenhagen ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Gvardeysk in Gvardeysky District .
Komsomolsk also includes the former Groß Hohenhagen , in Russian initially Kaschtanowka.
Geographical location
Komsomolsk is located on the regional road 27A-025 (ex R508 ), 18 kilometers southeast of the oblast capital Kaliningrad (Königsberg) and 20 kilometers southwest of the Gwardeisk district (Tapiau) . The place is a train station ("Komsomolsk-Sapadny") on the Kaliningrad – Chernyshevskoje railway line (Königsberg – Eydtkuhnen / Eydtkau) - a section of the former Prussian Eastern Railway - for onward travel to Lithuania and the Russian heartland. Until 1945, the station ran through the railway line from Königsberg (Prussia) via Gerdauen (now Russian: Schelesnodoroschny) to Angerburg (now Polish: Węgorzewo) , which was decommissioned in 1945.
history
Löwenhagen was first mentioned in a document as Leuenhäun in 1379. At that time, Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode transferred 31 Hufen Land to Tiele Hartmann .
In 1613 Friedrich von Waldburg took over the estates of Löwenhagen, Reichenhagen (Russian: Schelesdoroschnoje, no longer existent) and Friedrichstein (Kamenka). In 1662 almost all of the property went from the von Waldburg family to Friedrich Graf von Dönhoff . He operated very successfully and expanded the property considerably.
Löwenhagen came to the newly established Friedrichstein district in 1874 (today in Russian: Kamenka). Until 1930 he belonged to the district of Königsberg (Prussia) in the administrative district of Königsberg in the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910 Löwenhagen had 454 inhabitants.
On June 3, 1930, the Friedrichstein district was renamed and Löwenhagen became the seat and eponymous place. At that time the district was divided into seven municipalities. It existed until 1945 and joined the newly formed Samland district in 1939 . The number of residents in Löwenhagen rose to 868 by 1933 and was already 908 in 1939.
In World War II Löwenhagen was on 25 January 1945 by the Red Army occupied and came to the northern East Prussia to the Soviet Union . In 1947 the place was given the Russian name "Komsomolsk" and was assigned at the same time to the village soviet Semjonowski selski Sowet in Kaliningrad Rajon . Later the place came to the Osjorski selski Sowet in Gwardeisk Raion . Around 1980 the place Kaschtanowka (Groß Hohenhagen) was attached to Komsomolsk. From 2005 to 2014 Komsomolsk belonged to the rural municipality Oserkowskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Gwardeisk.
Löwenhagen district (1930–1945)
In 1930 there were seven places in the renamed Löwenhagen district:
| Surname | Russian name |
|---|---|
| Birch forest | |
| Friedrichstein | Kamenka |
| horst | |
| Little Barthen | |
| Löwenhagen | Komsomolsk |
| Reichenhagen | Zheleznodorozhnye |
| Lake meadows |
Due to incorporation and restructuring, only the four communities Birkenwalde, Friedrichstein, Horst and Löwenhagen belonged to the Löwenhagen district on January 1, 1945. Only two of these four villages still exist today.
church
→ Main article : Löwenhagen Church (East Prussia)
Church building
During the Reformation , the first church made of wood and without a tower was built in Löwenhagen in 1542. The client was Hans Conrad Baar, who in 1533 took over Löwenhagen from Margrave Albrecht of Brandenburg as a pledge. When Friedrich Freiherr von Waldburg took over Löwenhagen in 1607, the construction of a new, massive church began in 1609, which was bricked up and plastered in 1613. A tower was added from 1623 onwards. In 1692, thanks to the support of the imperial count von Dönhoff , the church was enlarged and renovated inside and out. During the last battles of the Second World War , the church with the Dönhoff crypt was only slightly damaged. Today the building no longer exists.
Parish
The church village Löwenhagen was a branch of the Borchersdorf church (today Russian: Selenopolje ) until the end of the 16th century . After that, the Löwenhagen church became independent and received its own pastorate. The parish comprising twelve places belonged to the parish of Königsberg-Land I in the church province of East Prussia of the Protestant Church of the Old Prussian Union until 1945 and in 1925 had 1,500 parishioners.
Today Komsomolsk is in the catchment area of the Evangelical-Lutheran Resurrection Church community in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) , which was newly established in the 1990s . It is the main church of the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Today the old parsonage across from the church still reminds of the church life in Löwenhagen at that time. It survived as today's cultural center. Many of the old trees still stand on the site of the cemetery at the church, which was laid out in 1697.
school
Today there is no trace of the former three-class village school in Löwenhagen.
Message bunker
Around 1942/43 a bunker was built on the outskirts of Löwenhagen, which still exists today, but without doors. Like another bunker on the slope of the crowd, it was supposed to house the military intelligence service and was connected by telephone cables to the Reich government and the Fuehrer's headquarters . The remains of this bunker were uncovered in Soviet times.
Personalities of the place
Sons and daughters of the place
- Willy Steinkopf (born March 3, 1885 in Löwenhagen, † 1953), German politician, SPD
- Gerhard Winkler (born September 25, 1898 in Löwenhagen; † 1975), German architect
Connected to the place
- Johann Schultz (1739–1805), German Protestant theologian, mathematician and philosopher, was pastor in Löwenhagen from 1769 to 1775
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ a b c story of Löwenhagen at ostpreussen.net
- ^ D. Lange, Geographical Location Register East Prussia (2005): Löwenhagen
- ^ A b Rolf Jehke, Friedrichstein / Löwenhagen district
- ↑ Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district of Königsberg
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ↑ The results from the Административно-территориальное деление Калининградской области 1975 (The administrative-territorial division of the Kaliningrad 1975 published by Soviet the Kaliningrad) on http://www.soldat.ru/ (rar file) and the Административно -территориальное деление Калининградской области 1989 (The administrative-territorial division of Kaliningrad Oblast 1989 (as of 1988), published by the Soviet of Kaliningrad Oblast) on http://www.soldat.ru/ (rar-file).
- ^ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church of East Prussia , Volume III: Documents , Göttingen, 1968, page 462
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
