Marienburg district (West Prussia)

The Marienburg district (West Prussia) was a Prussian district that existed in various forms from 1772 to 1945. The district originally belonging to the province of West Prussia was divided after the First World War in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles ; its western half fell to the Free City of Danzig , while its eastern half came to the province of East Prussia and remained in the German Reich until 1945 . The district town was Marienburg . The former district area is now part of the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

The Marienburg district from 1772 to 1818

The Marienburg district from 1818 to 1920

West Prussia Province in 1919

Gdansk administrative district

Marienwerder administrative district

The administrative district of West Prussia as of August 31, 1939

history

Before the conquest, Christianization and colonization by the Teutonic Order in the Middle Ages, the district area belonged to the settlement area of ​​the Baltic tribe of the Pruzzen . After the reign of the Teutonic Order fell in 1466, it was under Polish rule until 1772. With the first partition of Poland , the area came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 and belonged there to the province of West Prussia , which was divided into six large districts, including the district of Marienburg . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the province of West Prussia. As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Gdansk administrative district, the old Marienburg district was significantly reduced in size on April 1, 1818. It now included the cities of Marienburg and Neuteich with their surrounding area, including in particular the Great Marienburger Werder . The district office was in Marienburg.

From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .

The municipality of Tiegenhof was elevated to a town in 1880.

With the entry into force of the Versailles Treaty on January 10, 1920 and the associated dissolution of the Province of West Prussia, the district of Marienburg was divided. The parts to the west of the Nogat came to the Free City of Danzig , while the area east of the Nogat remained with the German Empire and was provisionally subordinate to the Upper President in Königsberg . At this time the spelling Marienburg (Western Pr.) Became common.

To prepare for the referendum on the final membership of the district, the district area was soon subordinated to the “Inter-Allied Commission for Government and Referendum” in Marienwerder. After the clear result of the referendum on July 1, 1920, the district remained with Germany. On July 1, 1922, the Marienburg district was formally incorporated into the province of East Prussia. The administrative district "Marienwerder" was renamed the administrative district "West Prussia" for reasons of tradition. The seat of the district president remained in Marienwerder .

On September 1, 1924, the rural communities of Tessensdorf and Willenberg from the Stuhm district were incorporated into the town of Marienburg in the Marienburg district. This should compensate for the loss of territory that the city had suffered through the establishment of the Free City of Danzig. From January 10, 1920, Marienburg had to do without its districts west of the Nogat.

On September 30, 1929, in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in the Marienburg district in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On January 1, 1939, the district of Marienburg was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On November 26, 1939, the district of Marienburg became part of the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia, later Danzig-West Prussia . The administrative district now used the previous name "Marienwerder" again.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945 the district was placed under Polish administration in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . As far as the German population had not fled, she was largely in the aftermath of the circle area sold .

population

The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:

year	1821	1831	1852	1861	1871	1890	1900	1910		1925	1933	1939
Residents	43,807	44,721	55,337	56,131	58,666	58,552	60.902	62,999		32,884	36,805	37,711
Evangelical Catholics Jews Others	21,930 15,965 233 5,679		28,650 20,800 268 5,619		30,325 22,310 541 5,490	32,157 20,858 441 5,096	34,057 21,437 323 5,085	35,215 22,517 297 4,970		22,271 10,312 195 50	24,440 12,075 137 1	24,336 12,366 34 215
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking		44,468 - 253	50,598 4,625 114	55,174 - 957		56,569 400 1,545	59,171 459 1,239	61,050 426 1,498

The rather large group of the rest of the denominations was formed almost exclusively by Mennonites . The decline in their number was due to strong emigration.

politics

District administrators

• 1772–1776 00Johann Carl von Grabowski
• 1776– 000000Peter von Twardowski
• 1787–1789 00Dietrich von Ahlefeldt
• 1789–1802 00August von Kalckstein
• 1802– 000000Anton von Donimirski
• 1807–1839 00Ernst Friedrich Hüllmann
• 1839-1851 00Robert Plehn
• 1851–1855 00Bernhard Otto Curt von Beneckendorff and von Hindenburg
• 1855–1861 00by Schleusing
• 1861–1870 Karl Parey00
• 1871–1877 Gustav Gottfried Keil00
• 1877–1890 Adolf Döhring00
• 1890–1895 00Friedrich von Zander
• 1895–1901 Ernst Reinhold Gerhard von Glasenapp00
• 1901–1910 Arnold Senfft from Pilsach00
• 1910–1918 Gottfried Hagemann00
• 1918–1920 00von Rönne ( acting )
• 1920 0000000Lietz-Schönwiese
• 1920–1934 00Georg Rebehn
• 1934–1935 00Heinz Schwendowius
• 1935–1939 Erich Post00
• 1939–1945 00Walter Neufeldt

elections

In the German Empire, the Marienburg district together with the city and district of Elbing formed the Reichstag constituency of Danzig 1 . Almost all of the constituency was won by conservative candidates.

Local constitution

The district of Marienburg i. Western pr. was divided into the cities of Marienburg, Neuteich and Tiegenhof , into rural communities and - until they ceased to exist in 1929 - into manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . All municipalities in the district with the exception of the district town were grouped together in administrative districts . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

cities and communes

Cities and municipalities ceded to the Free City of Danzig in 1920

The following cities and municipalities belonged to the district west of the Nogat, which had to be ceded to the Free City of Danzig in 1920: They moved to the district of Großes Werder of the Free City.

Old Munsterberg Old Vistula Altebabke Altenau Altendorf Baarenhof Barendt Bärwalde Beiershorst Biesterfelde Blumstein Bread sack Bröske Brunau Damerau Dammfelde Eichwalde Fürstenwerder, today Żuławki Gnojau Great reading joke Groß Lichtenau, today Lichnowy Groß Montau, today Mątowy Wielkie Halbstadt Herrenhagen Hay stalls Spar Mistake Jankendorf Cold hostel

Chimney Klein Lesewitz Klein Lichtenau Klein Montau, today Mątowy Małe Küchwerder Kunzendorf Charging coupler Leske Liessau Lindenau Marienau, today Marynowy Mielenz, today Miłoradz Mierau New Munsterberg Neukirch Nine lifts Neuteich, city, today Nowy Staw Neuteicher Hinterfeld Neuticherwalde Neuteichsdorf Niedau Orloff Orlofferfelde Palschau Parschau Petershagen Pieckel Pietzkendorf Platenhof

Pletzendorf Pordenau Prangenau Rehwalde Reimerswalde Pure land Back Schadwalde Scharpau Schönau Schöneberg, today Ostaszewo Schönhorst Schönsee Simonsdorf, today Szymankowo Stadtfelde Stobbendorf II Tannsee Trough Tiegenhagen Tiegenhof, town, today Nowy Dwór Gdański Tiegenort Tragheim Tralau Trampenau Trappenfelde Fourteen strokes Bailiwick Warnau Wernersdorf, today Pogorzała Wieś Wiedau

Cities and municipalities 1945

At the end of its existence in 1945, the district comprised the city of Marienburg and 36 other communities:

Alt Rosengart Altfelde Augustwalde Baalau Eschenhorst Fischau Grunau , Flecken Hohenwalde Jonasdorf Kampenau

Cat nose Klettendorf Königsdorf Crown Nest Linden forest Marienburg (Western Pr.) , City Markushof Notzendorf Parwark Prussian Königsdorf

Prussian rose garden Pruppendorf Reichfelde Reichhorst Rosenort Pale blue Schönwiese Schwansdorf Sommerau (Nogat) Place of concern

Stables Thiensdorf Thiergart Thiergartsfelde Thörichthof Wengeln Wengelwalde

Communities dissolved before 1945

• Hoppenbruch, 1915 to Marienburg
• Klakendorf, 1936 to Notzendorf
• Cuckoo, 1935 in Thiensdorf
• Rothebude, in 1938 in Sommerau
• Sandhof, 1912 to Marienburg
• Kalthof Castle, 1912 in Warnau
• Siebenhuben, 1900 to Küchwerder
• Vogelsang, 1912 to Marienburg

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 40-42, item 3.
• Prussian Ministry of Finance: Results of the property and trade tax assessment in the administrative district of Danzig . Danzig 1867. See: 6. Marienburg District , pp. 1–35.
• Hermann Eckerdt: History of the Marienburg district . Bretschneider, Marienburg 1868 ( e-copy, 257 pages ).

Web links

• Marienburg district (Westpr.) Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 11, 2013.
• District communities in 1910 with population figures

Individual evidence

1. ^ August von Haxthausen: The rural constitution in the individual provinces of the Prussian monarchy . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1839, p. 153 ( digitized version ).
2. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 14th ff . ( Digitized version ).
3. ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 353 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 98
5. ^ ^{A b} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Marienburg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
7. ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ^ Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the Elbing-Marienburg constituency
9. ↑ Cities, municipalities and manor districts 1910