Circle of Stuhm

The Stuhm district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1945

Province of West Prussia with both administrative districts

Gdansk administrative district

Marienwerder administrative district

The administrative district of West Prussia as of August 31, 1939

The Stuhm district , from 1939 to 1945 the Stuhm district , was a district that existed in Prussia between 1818 and 1945 . It belonged to the part of West Prussia that remained in the German Empire after the First World War and since then has belonged to the province of East Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

The area of ​​the Stuhm district came to Prussia through the first division of Poland in 1772 and belonged to the Marienburg district until 1818 . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Marienwerder administrative district of the province of West Prussia . As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Marienwerder administrative district, the new Stuhm district was formed on April 1, 1818 from the southern part of the Marienburg district. It included the cities of Christburg and Stuhm , the Intendantur Stuhm, the domain office of Christburg and 63 noble estates. The town of Schwetz became the seat of the district office of the new district. The district office was initially in Christburg, but was moved to Stuhm in 1822.

From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .

With the entry into force of the Versailles Treaty on January 10, 1920 and the associated dissolution of the Province of West Prussia, the Stuhm district was initially given to the Upper President in Königsberg i. Subordinate to Pr . In preparation for the referendum on the future membership of the district, the 42 percent Polish-speaking district area (1910) was soon subordinated to the Inter-Allied Commission for Government and Referendum in Marienwerder . In the referendum on July 1, 1920 , 80 percent of the participants decided that the district would remain in the German Reich . This ended on August 16, 1920 the subordination of the Stuhm district to the Inter-Allied Commission. On July 1, 1922, the Stuhm district was incorporated into the East Prussia Province. The administrative district "Marienwerder" was given the name "West Prussia" for reasons of tradition. The seat of the district president remained in Marienwerder.

On September 1, 1924, the rural communities of Tessensdorf and Willenberg from the Stuhm district were incorporated into the town of Marienburg in the district of the same name. On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Stuhm district in line with developments in the rest of Prussia, in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On January 1, 1939, the Stuhm district was given the name Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation .

On October 26, 1939, the Stuhm district became part of the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia, later Gdansk-West Prussia and the new Marienwerder administrative district . In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power . Most of the district's population was displaced in the period that followed .

The sponsorship for the former Stuhm district was taken over by the Bremervörde district in Lower Saxony after the war , after the municipal reform and the resulting merger with the neighboring Rotenburg (Wümme) district , the latter took over the sponsorship.

population

The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:

year	1821	1831	1852	1861	1871	1890	1900	1910	1925	1933	1939
Residents	22,989	27,125	36,446	38,751	40,261	36,085	36,381	36,527	36,682	38,301	40,222
Evangelical Catholics Jews	7,733 14,156 373	8,920 16,977 414	12 897 21 938 600	13,627 23,764 604	13,598 25,356 528	12,243 22,859 340	12,193 23,360 261	11,843 23,878 188	15,265 21,116 149	15,836 22,218 143	16,926 22,706 11
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking		21,700 - 5,425	20,731 - 15,715	22,475 - 16,276		20,792 1,471 13,819	22,157 954 13,253	20,923 23 15,560

politics

District administrators

• 1818–1827 00Xaver von Lyskowski
• 1827–1850 Heinrich Georg Eduard Graf von Rittberg00
• 1851–1858 Hermann von Wallenrodt00
• 1858–1867 Heinrich von Rittberg00
• 1867–1873 Ludwig von Geldern00
• 1873–1874 00Karl Gustav Hoppe
• 1874–1880 Eugen Steinmann00
• 1880-1892 Max Wessel00
• 1893–1899 Kurt von Schmeling00
• 1900–1904 00Klaus von der Osten
• 1904–1922 Walter Gottfried von Auwers00
• 1923–1928 Josef Fischenich00
• 1928–1933 Alois Zimmer00
• 1933–1945 00Artur Franz

Local constitution

The district of Stuhm was divided into the cities of Christburg and Stuhm, into rural communities and - until their dissolution in 1929 - into manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . All municipalities with the exception of the two cities were grouped together in administrative districts . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

elections

In the German Empire, the Stuhm district together with the Marienwerder district formed the Marienwerder 1 Reichstag constituency . The constituency was won by national liberal or conservative candidates in all Reichstag elections .

cities and communes

Cities and municipalities 1945

At the end of its existence in 1945, the district comprised two cities and 65 other municipalities:

Altendorf Altmark Anchorage Baalau Baumgarth Blonaks Boenhof Braunswalde fracture Budisch Christburg , city German Damerau Dietrichsdorf Georgensdorf Groß Brodsende Großwaplitz Grünhagen

Güldenfelde Heinrode Hohendorf Honigfelde Hedgehogs Jordansdorf Kalsen Kalwe Kammerau Kiesling Klein Brodsende Konradswalde Laabe Laase Fields of light Losendorf Mahlau

Menth Foreboding Montauerweide Moraines Neudorf Neuhöferfelde Neumark Nine lifts Niklaskirchen Pestlin Peterswalde Pirklitz Polixen Port size Posilge Prussian Damerau Ramten

Rehhof Rudnerweide Sadlacken Schönwiese Schroop Stangenberg Stuhm , city Teschendorf Deep lake Tragheimerweide Potion joke Troop Usnitz Calf germ Wargels Weissenberg

Communities dissolved before 1945

• Bruch's lowland, broken in 1928
• Czewskawolla, broke in 1928
• Groß Schardau, 1928 to Montauerweide
• Groß Usznitz, 1912 to Usnitz
• Hospital village, 1928 in Hohendorf
• Klein Baalau, 1928 to Baalau
• Klein Schardau, 1938 to Rudnerweide
• Klein Usznitz, 1912 in Usnitz
• Neuhof, moved to Neuhöferfelde in 1927
• Parpahren, 1928 to Usnitz
• Pulkowitz, 1928 to Watkowitz
• Rosenkranz, 1928 in Weißenberg
• Schulzenweide, to Bönhof in 1928
• Pig pit, 1928 at Tragheimerweide
• Stuhm Castle, 1909 to Stuhm
• Stuhmsdorf, 1913 on Stuhm
• Tessensdorf, 1924 to Marienburg
• Willenberg, 1924 to Marienburg
• Zwanzigerweide, 1928 to Tragheimerweide

Place names

In some cases, place names were considered "not German" enough in the 1930s and were given a phonetic alignment or translation:

• Barlewitz → Wargels
• Czewskawolla → Petersbruch
• Jordanken → Jordansdorf
• Kollosomp → Kalsen
• Kommerau → Kammerau
• Mlecewo → Heinrode
• Nikolaiken → Niklaskirchen
• Sadluken → Sadlacken
• Straszewo → Dietrichsdorf
• Watkowitz → Wadkeim

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 47-48, item 1.
• Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Schmitt : History of the Stuhmer circle . Thorn 1868 ( e-copy ).
• E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the administrative district Marienwerder . Danzig 1868, pp. 196-203 .
• ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 606-607.
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Kreis Stuhm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District of Stuhm (Rolf Jehke, 2006)
• Current pictures from Stuhm in the former East Prussia
• Municipalities in 1910 with population figures

Individual evidence

1. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 14th ff . ( Digitized version ).
2. ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 355 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 114
4. ^ ^{A b} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Stuhm district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
5. ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the Marienwerder – Stuhm constituency