Gościszewo
| Gościszewo | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Sztum | ||
| Gmina : | Sztum | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 59 ′ N , 19 ° 0 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 580 (2006) | ||
| Postal code : | 82-416 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 55 | ||
| License plate : | GSZ | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Toruń – Malbork | ||
Gościszewo (German: Braunswalde ) is a village in the Sztum municipality , Stuhm / Powiat Sztumski district in Poland. It is located near the Nogat between the towns of Sztum ( Stuhm ) and Malbork ( Marienburg ) in the Pomeranian / Pomeranian Voivodeship .
history
Braunswalde was first mentioned in a document in 1284. Gerhard, the Schulze of "Brunswalde", was named as a witness on December 18, 1284 in the hand festival for Konradswalde. The village had kulmischen right and counted a total of 53 hooves , of which 6 Schulzen and 4 parish hooves. At the end of the 14th century, 14 Scot interest had to be paid for every farmer's hoof on Martini . The community also owned two Hufen on the Nogat , for which two marks and a pound of saffron had to be paid at Pentecost . At the beginning of the 15th century, two jugs are mentioned in Braunswalde in addition to the gardeners "Jorge and Herman". One pitcher paid 2 marks 2 scot interest, the second 2.5 marks. The Kruger "Pomerel der kreczmer" and "Czipezer" are mentioned. In 1407 the Braunswald Krüger were called Heynrich Scholcze and Kuncze Girlach.
Between 1466 and 1772
In 1565 there were 18 farmers on 43 Hufen in “Brunswald”. In addition to a jug, a church is also mentioned for the first time. In 1615, however, the number of farmers in Braunswalde had dropped to 6. Two years earlier, eight Hufen had been prescribed to the Mayor of Marienburg, Abraham Werner, for 60 years free of duties and services. In 1624 7 farmers cultivated 14 Hufen land in Braunswalde. In addition, two gardeners and two Kruger lived in the village. 21 hooves were not cultivated. The “brick church” mentioned in 1624 was destroyed in the Polish-Swedish war in 1626 - as was the entire village. In 1647 the village and the church no longer existed. In 1664 it is still said that there have been no buildings in Braunswalde since the Swedish-Polish War (1626–1629) . The repopulation of the village apparently did not begin until the late 1660s. In 1669 the desolate Schulzenhufen were rewritten to Hans Hintz. In 1681 Braunswalde was incorporated into the parish of Stuhm.
In the Kingdom of Prussia 1772–1918
In 1772 Braunswalde fell to the Kingdom of Prussia with the first partition of Poland . The Prussian land survey of 1772/73 allows for the first time more precise insights into the social structure of the village. At that time Braunswalde had 260 residents, including two Schulzen, 13 farmers, a Kruger, two leaseholders, ten owners, a blacksmith, two shoemakers and two shepherds. By 1820 the population of Braunswald had grown to 368. This made it one of the largest villages in the Stuhm district, founded in 1818, in the Marienwerder administrative district . In the 19th century Braunswalde profited from the expansion of the traffic routes in West Prussia . The Marienburg-Stuhm-Marienwerder road was built between 1844 and 1847. It also led through Braunswalde; There was a toll collection point in the village. The Weichselstädtebahn from Marienburg to Thorn , which was opened in 1883 , also ran over the area of the community of Braunswalde, which thus received its own train station. In 1874 an Iron Age burial ground with 3,000 graves was discovered in the northwest of Braunswalde on the border to the neighboring village of Willenberg. After the place of discovery, the archaeological culture was named Braunswalde-Willenberg culture until 1945 .
In 1905 Braunswaldes population had increased to 900, of which 633 were Catholics (70%) and 257 Protestants (28%). 605 inhabitants (67%) stated German as their mother tongue, 290 Polish (32%).
Between 1918 and 2013
In 1920 Braunswalde was part of the Marienwerder voting district , in which the population was to decide in a plebiscite about the state affiliation of the region. In Braunswalde, of the 579 votes cast, 500 (86%) were in East Prussia (Germany) and 79 (14%) in Poland. This left the village as well as most of the Marienwerder voting district with the German Reich. In autumn 1920 Braunswalde became known nationwide due to a railway accident. On November 22nd, a passenger train coming from Stuhm hit a stationary freight train near Braunswalde. The accident claimed more than 20 lives. Braunswalde received a Catholic church again in the twenties. The wooden church building was still a branch church of the Catholic parish of Stuhm. The NSDAP local branch in Braunswalde was founded at the end of the 1920s . It had 23 members in 1930 and 91 members in 1934/35. The population of Braunswald rose from 977 people (1925) to 999 (1933) to 1,000 (1939) and 1,122 (1943).
In 1945 Braunswalde was occupied by the Soviet army and partially destroyed. The German residents were expelled in the post-war period unless they had fled beforehand. Braunswalde was given the new name Gościszewo. In 2013 the village is part of the gmina Sztum.
literature
- The Stuhm district. A West Prussian homeland book. Edited by the district committee of the Stuhm home district. Bad Pyrmont 1975
- Schmitt, FWF: History of the Stuhmer Circle. Thorn 1868
- Semrau, Arthur: The places and corridors in the former area of Stuhm and Forest Office Bönhof (Commandery Marienburg) (= communications of the Coppernicus Association for Science and Art in Thorn, 36th issue). Thorn 1928
- Wiśniewski, Jan: Średniowieczne synody pomezańskie. Deanery Sztumski (1601–1821). Elbląg 1998
Individual evidence
- ↑ Semrau, Arthur: The places and corridors in the former area of Stuhm and forest office Bönhof (Commandery Marienburg) (= communications of the Coppernicus Association for Science and Art in Thorn, 36th issue). Thorn 1928, p. 45; The interest book of the House of Marienburg. Edited by Walther Ziesemer. Marienburg 1910, p. 44; The Marienburger Konventsbuch 1399-1412. Edited by Walther Ziesemer. Danzig 1913, pp. 47, 98 and 181.
- ↑ Lustracja województwa pomorskiego 1565. Ed. By Stanisław Hoszowski. Gdańsk: GTN 1961, p. 102f; Lustracja województw Prus Królewskich 1624. Z fragmentami lustracji 1615 r. Edited by Stanisław Hoszowski. Gdańsk: GTN 1967, pp. 75, 294; Wiśniewski, Jan: Średniowieczne synody pomezańskie. Deanery Sztumski (1601–1821). Elbląg 1998, p. 96; Schmitt, FWF: History of the Stuhmer Circle. Thorn 1868, p. 199.
- ↑ Herder Institute Marburg, copy of the contribution register of the West Prussian land survey 1772/73 for Braunswalde. Overview of the components and directory of all localities in the Marienwerder administrative district. Marienwerder [1820]. Unchanged reprint (= special publications of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia eV No. 77). Hamburg 1994, p. 125; The Stuhm district. A West Prussian homeland book. Edited by the district committee of the Stuhm home district. Bad Pyrmont 1975
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of West Prussia. Based on the materials from the census of December 1, 1905 and other official sources, edited by the Royal Prussian State Statistical Office. In: Königliches Prussisches Statistisches Landesamt (Hrsg.): Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Book II, 1908, DNB 365941689 , ZDB -ID 1046036-6 , p. 134 f . ( Digitized copy - pp. 142–143 of the digitized version).
- ↑ The Stuhm district. A West Prussian homeland book. Edited by the district committee of the Stuhm home district. Bad Pyrmont 1975, pp. 97, 138f., 291, 296; Home book of the Stuhm district 4./5. Born in 1934/35. Edited by the district committee of the Stuhm district, p. 105.
