Braunsberg district
coat of arms | Germany map |
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Basic data (status approx. 1945) | |
Existing period: | 1818 - 1945 |
Country : | Free State of Prussia |
Province : | East Prussia |
Administrative region : | Koenigsberg |
Administrative headquarters : | Braunsberg |
Surface: | 946.86 km² |
Residents : | 62,317 (May 17, 1939) |
Population density : | 65.8 inhabitants per km² |
License plate : | IC 1953 planned: BBG |
Circle structure: | 96 municipalities 1 manor district in 20 administrative districts |
Location of the circle | |
The Braunsberg district was a district in the former East Prussia , which existed between 1818 and 1945.
geography
The Braunsberg district encompassed northern Warmia and bordered on the north-west of the fresh lagoon . The river Passarge , which flows into the fresh lagoon within the district area, formed the southwestern boundary of the district of Prussian Holland .
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia
By the Prussian administrative reforms which originated with the February 1, 1818 Circle Braunsberg in Administrative district Königsberg . This included the parishes : Bludau, Braunsberg, Frauenburg, Frauendorf, Groß Rautenberg, Heinrikau, Langwalde, Layß, Lichtenau, Mehlsack, Migehnen, Peterswalde bei Mehlsack, Plaßwich, Plauten, Schalmey, Tolksdorf, Wusen.
The district office was located in Braunsberg .
As early as April 1, 1819, the following changes were made to the district boundaries:
- Incorporation of the Frauendorf parish from the Braunsberg district into the Heilsberg district ,
- Incorporation of the parish of Wormditt from the Heilsberg district into the Braunsberg district.
Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr.
North German Confederation and German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Braunsberg district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.
On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Braunsberg district, as in the rest of Prussia, in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved except for their share in the Frischen Haff and assigned to neighboring rural communities.
Because it belonged to the Diocese of Warmia , the district had a predominantly Catholic population; the Center Party won an absolute majority in the elections up to 1933 .
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The Polish name Braniewo was introduced for the district . Today's powiat Braniewski ( Braunsberger Kreis ) with the district town of Braniewo is not identical to the former Braunsberg district, as Wormditt ( Orneta ) and its surroundings were spun off into the powiat Lidzbarski ( Heilsberger Kreis ), while the southern part of the former Heiligenbeil district was incorporated has been. Unless the German residents of the district had fled, most of them were expelled by the local Polish administrative authorities after the end of the war .
Local constitution
The Braunsberg district was divided into town communities, rural communities and - until their complete elimination - in independent manor districts.
With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipalities Braunsberg (Ostpr.), Frauenburg, Mehlsack and Wormditt now carried the name city .
With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .
A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .
District administrators
- 1812: by Willich
- 1812: from Lingk
- 1818: Ferdinand von Schau (1768–1840)
- 1840: Dietrich Christoph von Groß called von Schwarzhoff (1810–1896)
- 1855: Achatius von Auerswald (1818–1883)
- 1865: Theodor Dillenburger (1838–1881)
- 1869: Wilhelm Eduard August Kleemann
- 1878: Albrecht Oberg
- 1892: Friedrich Karl Gramsch (1860–1923)
- 1900: Carl zu Dohna-Schlobitten (1857–1942)
- 1905: Young
- 1910: Heinrich von Bieler
- 1920: Karl Stankewitz (1875–1967)
- 1933: Bernhard Nienaber (* 1885)
- 1942: Wolfgang Born (* 1903)
- 1943 Haeszner ( representatively )
- 1944: Kolhoff
cities and communes
Administrative structure 1945
On January 1, 1945, the Braunsberg district consisted of 96 municipalities, including the towns of Braunsberg (Ostpr.) , Frauenburg , Mehlsack and Wormditt as well as a manor district (share of Frisches Haff):
Districts and municipalities | Population (1939) |
City of Braunsberg (East Pr.) | |
1. Braunsberg (Ostpr.), City | 21,142 |
City of Frauenburg | |
1. Frauenburg, city | 2,981 |
City flour sack | |
1. Flour sack, city | 4,394 |
City of Wormditt | |
1. Wormditt, city | 7,817 |
Basien District | |
1. Basien | 973 |
2. Stegmannsdorf | 209 |
3. Wusen | 831 |
Betkendorf district | |
1. Betkendorf | 217 |
2. Drewsdorf | 93 |
3. Kreutzdorf | 168 |
4. Schafsberg | 102 |
District of Frisches Haff | |
1. Fresh lagoon, part of the district of Braunsberg (Ostpr.) | 0 |
Heinrikau district | |
1. Heinrikau | 798 |
2. Kleefeld | 250 |
3. Comaines | 161 |
4. Neuhof | 282 |
Karben District | |
1. Karben | 122 |
2. Open | 695 |
3. Thalbach | 390 |
Klenau district | |
1. Huntenberg | 107 |
2. Klenau | 177 |
3. New Passarge | 429 |
4. Stangendorf | 162 |
5. Willenberg | 148 |
Langwalde district | |
1. Thoughts | 173 |
2. Klingenberg | 294 |
3. Langwalde | 588 |
4. Packhausen | 318 |
5. Podlechen | 172 |
6. Rawusen | 132 |
7. Clouds | 71 |
Less administrative district | |
1. Layß | 500 |
2. Rosengarth | 324 |
3. Sonnwalde | 545 |
Lichtenau district | |
1. Eschenau | 193 |
2. Lichtenau | 588 |
3. Liebenthal | 180 |
4. Lotterbach | 209 |
Migehnen District | |
1. Bürgerwalde | 315 |
2. Cashews | 323 |
3. Migraines | 891 |
4. Millenberg | 292 |
Peterswalde district | |
1. Engelswalde | 205 |
2. Gauden | 75 |
3. Cherry rails | 182 |
4. Lilienthal | 275 |
5. Peterswalde | 399 |
6. Rosenwalde | 116 |
Plaßwich District | |
1. Deed | 128 |
2. Liebenau | 150 |
3. Pilgram village | 124 |
4. Plaßwich | 670 |
5. Straubendorf | 117 |
Plauten district | |
1. Glanden | 88 |
2. Lotterfeld | 222 |
3. Paulen | 227 |
4. Chatting | 310 |
5. Schönsee | 190 |
6. Seefeld | 198 |
7. Ibexes | 100 |
8. Wobble | 197 |
Rautenberg district | |
1. Alt Munsterberg | 150 |
2. Bludau | 381 |
3. Gross Rautenberg | 490 |
4. Heinrichsdorf | 199 |
5. Karschau | 210 |
6. Klein-Rautenberg | 117 |
7. Kurau | 392 |
8. Forty hats | 259 |
Schalmey district | |
1. Grunenberg | 97 |
2. Mertensdorf | 212 |
3. Schalmey | 362 |
4. Schondamerau | 598 |
5. Schwillgarben | 143 |
District of Schillgehnen | |
1. Regitten | 435 |
2. Schillgehnen | 330 |
3. Zagern | 156 |
Tiedmannsdorf district | |
1. Fehlau | 71 |
2. Parlack | 149 |
3. Pettelkau | 488 |
4. Tiedmannsdorf | 795 |
Tolksdorf district | |
1. Blumberg | 121 |
2. Gayl | 164 |
3. Hogendorf | 274 |
4. Schönau | 117 |
5. Tolksdorf | 474 |
Tüngen district | |
1. Krickhausen | 285 |
2. Dyeing | 423 |
3. Dare | 341 |
Woynitt District | |
1. Agstein | 92 |
2. Boring | 272 |
3. Borwalde | 71 |
4. Heister | 235 |
5. Light forest | 149 |
6. Sun field | 140 |
7. Sugnienes | 256 |
8. Woynitt | 141 |
Population development
- 1871: 52.456
- 1885: 53.469
- 1933: 56.493
- 1939: 62.342
Personalities
- Hartmut Bagger , General and Inspector General of the Bundeswehr
- Rainer Barzel , politician ( CDU )
- Ernst Josef Fittkau (1927–2012), zoologist and entomologist
- Stanislaus Hosius Prince-Bishop of Warmia
- Bernhard Poschmann (1878–1955), Catholic priest and university professor
- Regina Protmann , Catholic saint
- Jochen Schmauch (1924–1984), German educator, development worker and non-fiction author
- Karl Weierstraß ( worked as a teacher in Braunsberg )
- Anton Fehlau (* 1923 in Pilgramsdorf , † 2019 in Kaufbeuren ), combatant and author
literature
- Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, according to official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p 39-47.
- Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative region : Berlin 1966, Braunsberg district, pp. 1–35.
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 19-20, item 15.
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, pp. 801-802.
- Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. braunsberg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
Web links
- Braunsberg district (Ostpr.) Administrative history and the district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of October 26, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ R. Zilch, B. Holtz (edit.): The protocols of the Prussian State Ministry 1817–1934 / 38. Vol. 12 / II. In: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): Acta Borussica . New episode. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim 2003, p. 705. ( Online ; PDF 2.2 MB)
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia, Volume 1: Province of East Prussia, Berlin 1931
- ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941
- ^ Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941
- ↑ Allgäuer Zeitung: "A restless march was my life". March 9, 2019, accessed April 14, 2019 .