Stanislaus Hosius

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Baroque painting of Cardinal Hosisus by Marcello Bacciarelli (1781)
Stanislaus Hosius

Stanislaus Hosius (born May 5, 1504 in Cracow , † August 5, 1579 in Capranica near Rome ) stood up as a Catholic theologian for the preservation of the exempt status of the Principality of Warmia and the preservation or recovery of Catholicism in Warmia and Poland . He founded the Lyceum Hosianum in Braunsberg , which still exists today .

Life

Stanislaus Hosius was the son of Ulrich Hosse from Pforzheim in Baden and his wife Anna. His father was the mint master of Sigismund I in Krakow and later mayor of Vilnius in Lithuania. As a child, Stanislaus Hosius learned German and Polish from an early age, and later Latin . At the age of fifteen he entered the university in Cracow and graduated in 1520 with a degree in arts. The talented young man found a patron in Peter Tomicki, the Bishop of Cracow , who was also Vice Chancellor of Poland. With this he worked as private secretary until a few years later the bishop made it possible for him to study theology and law at the universities of Padua and Bologna . In 1534 he finished his studies there as a doctor of canon and civil law and returned to Krakow.

In Cracow, Stanislaus Hosius accepted a position in the royal chancellery. After the death of his mentor in 1535, he kept his position under his successor, Bishop Choinski von Płock , the new vice chancellor. The Bishop of Płock died in 1538 and Hosius was subsequently appointed royal secretary. His administrative talent won the favor of King Sigismund, which he rewarded with various ecclesiastical offices.

In 1543 he was ordained a priest . When the bishopric in Kulm was to be reassigned in 1549 , the king's choice fell on Stanislaus Hosius. A year later, Pope Paul IV commissioned him to fight against Protestantism , which was on the rise. It seems as if he had succeeded, because in 1551 he was promoted to the more important diocese, Warmia .

In 1552 he defended the special position of the principality of Warmia as exemt. At the Synod of Locwicz in 1556 he confirmed the exemption of Warmia. Even after the Council of Trent in 1563 demanded that exemte dioceses recognize the closest archbishoprics (in this case Gnesen) as metropolitans , it refused to participate in provincial synods in Gnesen .

The following seven years in Warmia were marked by the struggle against Protestantism. In a multitude of polemical writings, Hosius attacked the teachings of the reformers and defended the Catholic position. In 1558 he was called to Rome by Pope Paul IV, where he soon had some influence in the Curia .

Paul IV died in 1559 and his successor Pius IV sent Stanislaus Hosius as a legate to the Imperial Court in Vienna . He was commissioned to negotiate with Emperor Ferdinand I about the reopening of the Council of Trent (1545–1563). Trento was part of the empire and the supreme prince-bishop's seat was located there . In recognition of the successful completion of this mission, Hosius was elevated to cardinal priest on February 26, 1561 , received the titular church of San Lorenzo in Panisperna and took part in the council as one of the papal legates. With numerous changes of his title churches he was u. a. Cardinal priest of Santa Sabina in 1565 and of San Clemente in 1570 .

In 1563 Stanislaus Hosius returned to Warmia. During his absence, Protestantism had spread, and so he took steps to improve the training of Catholic priests and preachers. He also founded the Lyceum Hosianum in Braunsberg and handed over the management to the Jesuits . In 1566 the Pope appointed Hosius as papal legate for Poland. In 1569 Pope Pius IV died and Pius V succeeded him. In 1569, Hosius appointed his friend Martin Cromer as co-adjutant and gave him the administration of Warmia so that he could move to Rome as a representative of Poland, where he represented Poland's interests towards the church for the next ten years until his death. King Sigismund II also valued Hosius. He was a participant in the conclave of 1572 , from which Gregory XIII. emerged as Pope. In the same year the newly elected Pope declared Hosius a member of the new Congregatio Germanica . On January 8, 1574 he became a major cardinal penitentiary and held this influential office until his death.

In 1577, the Archdiocese of Riga no longer existed, as evangelical doctrine had spread everywhere. In August 1577, Stefan Bathory asked Hosius to renounce the privilege of exemption, since Warmia was part of the crown of Poland. Hosius' co-adjutant Martin Cromer rejected these constitutional arguments.

In 1578 he received from Pope Gregory XIII. first assigned to San Pietro in Vincoli , then the titular church of Santa Maria in Trastevere .

Stanislaus Hosius was buried in the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome .

Hosius and Cromer were among the most important representatives and restorers of Catholicism. Hipler described their sermons in The German Sermons and Catechesis of the Warmia Bishops Hosius and Cromer . Hosius was also friends with Petrus Canisius .

Remembrance day

  • Catholic Memorial Day: August 5th
  • Farmer's rule: "When St. Stanislaus approaches / roll out the potatoes."

Works

literature

Web links

Commons : Stanisław Hozjusz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ AFA: The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Wilna. A chronicle written for the celebration of the three hundredth anniversary . Publisher by Joseph Zawadzki, Wilna 1855, pp. 10–11 ( digitized version of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek).
predecessor Office successor
Tiedemann Giese Bishop of Kulm
1530–1538
Johann Lubodziecki
Tiedemann Giese Bishop of Warmia
1551–1579
Martin Cromer