Wehlau district
The district of Wehlau was a Prussian district in the province of East Prussia , which existed from 1818 to 1945. On January 1, 1945, the district included the three cities of Allenburg , Tapiau and Wehlau as well as 112 other communities with fewer than 2000 inhabitants and three manor districts (forests).
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia
With the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the district of Wehlau in the administrative district of Königsberg in the province of East Prussia was created on February 1, 1818 .
This included the parishes:
- Creams ,
- Goldbach ,
- Groß Engelau ,
- Grünhayn ,
- Paterswalde ,
- Petersdorf ,
- Plibischken ,
- Starkenberg ,
- Tapiau ,
- Wehlau .
The district office was in Wehlau.
On April 1, 1819, the Allenburg parish was incorporated from the Friedland district into the Wehlau district. Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr.
North German Confederation and German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Wehlau district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.
On January 9, 1884, the Michelau estate - an enclave in the Wehlau district - was ceded by the Labiau district to the Wehlau district.
On December 10, 1895, Heinrichshof , which had previously been mistakenly counted as part of the Friedland district, was transferred from the Friedland district to the Wehlau district.
On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Wehlau district in line with the development in the rest of Prussia, in which almost all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. At the same time, the Elisenau-Frisching estate, Forst from the Bartenstein district to the Wehlau district. In 1933, the Wehlau district covered an area of 1063 square kilometers, with 47,704 inhabitants.
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and then came under Soviet administration. The resident German population, if they had not already fled, was subsequently expelled . Today the former district area belongs to the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast .
Local constitution
The district of Wehlau was initially divided into town communities, rural communities and - until they were almost completely eliminated - in independent manor districts.
With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipalities Allenburg, Tapiau and Wehlau now carried the name city .
With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .
The community of Schenken was incorporated into the community of Leipen in 1939.
A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .
District administrators
- 1818–1824: von Wiersbitzki
- 1824 : by Cziesielski
- 1824–1842: Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Schwerin (1791–1856)
- 1842-1858: Pfeiffer
- 1858–1874: Fritze
- 1874–1879: Federath
- 1879–1884: Paul Bienko (1845–1909)
- 1884–1897: Albert Lömpcke (1853–1939)
- 1897–1908: Stephan von Gröning (1861–1944)
- 1908–1917: Ernst Weber
- 1917–1925: Julius Wrede
- 1925–1933: Franz Hoffmann
- 1933–1937: Albrecht von Perbandt
- 1937– : Horst-Hildebrandt von Einsiedel (1904–1945)
Districts (1874–1945)
Between 1874 and 1945, the district of Wehlau - in addition to the three cities of Allenburg , Tapiau and Wehlau - was subdivided into administrative districts, to which the individual rural communities and manor districts were assigned:
Name (until 1945) | Today's name | Name (until 1945) | Today's name |
---|---|---|---|
Bieberswalde | Rutschji | Koppershagen | |
Bonslack | Cremates | Losovoye | |
Bürgersdorf | Gordoje | Kuglacken | Kudrjawzewo |
Drusken | Neumühl | Kostromino | |
Ice wagon | Bely Jar | Partners | Krasny Jar |
Friedrichsdorf | Paterswalde | Bolshaya Polyana | |
Gauleden (forest) | Tumanowka |
Plauen (until 1874: Leißienen ( Rodniki )) |
Fedotovo |
Genslack | Prudy | Plibischken | Glushkovo |
Goldbach | Slavinsk | Pomauden | Luschki |
Grauden (until 1938: Papu rails ) |
Pomedia | Pruschaly | |
Great Allendorf | Kostromino | Pregelswalde | Zarechye |
Groß Engelau | Demyanovka | Rockelkeim | |
Groß Fritschienen until 1928 also: Greib (forest) |
Ostrikovo | Sandits | Lunino |
Big Schirrau | Dalneje |
Starkenberg , until 1928 also: Kapkeim |
Krasny Bor , Vishnevoe |
Grünhayn | Krasnaya Gorka | Taplacken | Talpaki |
Green linden tree | Yershovo | Trimmau | Novoye |
Imten (forest) | Weidlacken | Jelniki | |
Kleinhof | Weissensee | Bolshie Gorky | |
Klein Nuhr | Suchodolye |
Place names
In 1938, extensive changes to old Prussian place names took place in the Wehlau district. Since mostly "not German enough", these were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions, for example:
- Alt Köbkojen: Altlepkau,
- Aszlacken: 1936: Aschlacken, 1938: Aßlacken,
- Augstupöhnen : Uderhöhe,
- Groß Balzerischken : Balzershof,
- Groß Uderballen : Großudertal,
- Kekorischken : Auerbach (Wehlau district),
- Kerulaten : Kerlaten,
- Klein Uderballen: Kleinudertal,
- Lapishken: fox hill,
- Muplacken : Moptau,
- Nagurren: Freudenfeld,
- New Löbkojen : Neulepkau,
- Obszerninken : 1936: Obscherninken, 1938: Dachsrode,
- Papu rails: Grauden,
- Szorkeninken: 1936: Schorkeninken, 1938: Schorkenicken.
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 10, point 3.
- Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, according to official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, pp. 221–233.
- Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative region : Berlin 1966, Wehlau district, pp. 1–43.
- Werner Lippke (Hrsg.): Home book of the district Wehlau - Alle-Pregel-Deime area . Leer 1975. (Complete PDF version)
- Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: East Prussia Province. Berlin 1833, pp. 296-361.
Web links
- District community Wehlau e. V. (with maps and photos and the home book)
- History on Demand: Wehlau district (with a list of the municipalities)
- Wehlau district administrative history and district council list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 16, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Big Brockhaus . 15th edition, 20th volume, Leipzig 1935, p. 101.
- ↑ Acta Borussica Volume 8 / II (1890–1900), p. 494 (PDF; 2.19 MB)
- ↑ Rolf Jehke: Cities and administrative districts in the district of Wehlau