Elk circle

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Seal of the Lyck District (1933)

The Lyck district was a Prussian district in East Prussia that existed from 1818 to 1945.

Parts

The district of Lyck included the city of Lyck on January 1, 1945 , 157 municipalities and an estate district (forest). Only the border town of Prostken had more than 2,000 inhabitants.

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

With the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the Lyck district in the Gumbinnen administrative district , East Prussia province , was created on February 1, 1818 .

This included the parishes:

The district office was in Lyck.

Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr.

North German Confederation and German Empire

District honorary monument near Thalussen

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the division of the province of Prussia into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Lyck district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878. On November 1, 1905, the Lyck district joined the newly formed Allenstein district .

On July 1, 1909, the rural community of Groß Czymochen and the manor district of Czymochen from the Lyck district were incorporated into the Oletzko district. After the end of the First World War , the population voted in the referendums in East and West Prussia on July 11, 1920 about whether the district should remain in East Prussia or join Poland . In the Lyck district there were 36,534 votes to remain in East Prussia and 44 to join Poland.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Lyck district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and then placed under Polish administration. On April 6, 1945, the Polish flag was hoisted on the district office in Lyck and the district was assigned to the Białystok Voivodeship on July 7, 1945 , even before the Potsdam Agreement of August 2, 1945, the areas east of the Oder-Neisse border were under Polish administration posed. As far as the German population had not fled, she was largely in the aftermath of the circle area sold .

Local constitution

The Lyck district was initially divided into an urban municipality, rural municipalities and - until their almost complete elimination - into independent manor districts.

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipality of Lyck was now called the city . The Prussian state government awarded the district a seal in 1933 . It was drawn by Otto Hupp .

With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . These were grouped together in administrative districts .

A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

population

  • 1890: 54,804 thereof 857 Catholics, 357 Jews (39,000 Poles)
  • 1900: 54,222 of which 52,163 Protestants, 1,195 Catholics
  • 1910: 55,579 of which 52,712 Protestants, 1,818 Catholics

District administrators

Place names

In 1938 the National Socialists implemented extensive renaming in the Lyck district, as in all of East Prussia , because many place names did not seem German enough for them. The new names were phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions, for example:

literature

  • Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 34, item 15.
  • Erich von Lojewski : The Protestant churches in the Lyck district . 1923. DNB
  • Reinhold Weber: Illustrated book of the border district of Lyck. Self-published by the Lyck district community, Hagen 1985.
  • Reinhold Weber: The Lyck district. Commission publisher Gerhard Rautenberg, Leer 1981
  • Reinhold Weber: The rural communities of the Lyck district. Verlag Dieter Broschat, Hohenwestedt 1988, ISBN 978-3-924256-30-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andreas Kossert: Prussia, Germans or Poles? The Masurians in the field of tension of ethnic nationalism 1870–1956 . Ed .: German Historical Institute Warsaw . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2001, ISBN 3-447-04415-2 , p. 157 .
  2. Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Lyck (Lyk, Polish Elk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).