Pisanica
| Pisanica | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Ełk | ||
| Gmina : | Kalinowo | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 49 ' N , 22 ° 35' E | ||
| Residents : | 3000 (2006) | ||
| Postal code : | 19-312 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 87 | ||
| License plate : | NEL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Sędki / DK 16 ↔ Borzymy | ||
| Wysokie / DK 16 ↔ Sypitki | |||
| Rail route : | Ełk – Turowo railway line (currently no rail traffic) | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Administration (as of 2008) | |||
| Mayor : | Stanislaw Dadura | ||
Pisanica ( German Pissanitzen , 1926-1945 Ebenfelde ) is a village in the north-eastern Masuria in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in the powiat Ełcki ( Lyck district ), belonging to the municipality of Kalinowo ( Kallinowen , 1938 to 1945 Dreimühlen ).
Geographical location
The village is located southwest of the village of Kalinowo (German Kallinowen ), one kilometer below the Skomentner See (1938 to 1945 Skomantener See , also: Skomanten-See , Polish Jezioro Skomętno ) on a country road between Sędki (Sentken) and Borzymy (Borszymmen , 1938 until 1945 Borschimmen) or between Wysokie (Wyssocken , 1938 to 1945 Waltershöhe) and Sypitki (Sypittken , 1938 to 1945 four bridges) .
Place name
The origin of the Masurian place name is not clearly established.
history
The first written mention of the place dates from the year 1496. The hand festivals as a Zinsdorf , awarded by the Komtur zu Rhein , Rudolf von Diepoltskirchen, got the first village mayor Jan Kanneffk in 1504 .
In 1565 Pissanitzen got its first wooden church next to a village school . The first pastor of the Protestant parish was Hieronymus Maletius (1552–1567), a son of the Lycker printer and Protestant archpriest Johannes Maletius (Jan Malecki) who originally came from Kraków . In 1567 Hieronymus Maletius succeeded his father in Lyck in the office of archpriest.
His successor at the pastor's office was Georg von Helm (until 1588) who immigrated to Prussia as a scion of a noble family widespread in the Polish Mazovia , who finally changed his family name to the village in Pisanski. The Pisanski family subsequently brought forth many prominent Prussian scholars, theologians, writers, educators and scientists, including the Königsberg writer Georg Christoph Pisanski (1725–1790).
In autumn 1656 the Tatars, allied with Poland, invaded large parts of Masuria and thus Pissanitzen. It is recorded that they broke into the church during a Sunday service and stabbed several people present. Pastor Matthias Trentowius (the elder) (also: von Trentowski ), who was preaching in the pulpit at the time, was able to escape and fled to nearby Poland. The village was burned down. A total of 54 people were killed in the Tatar incursion , 329 captured and then mostly taken into captivity and slavery .
1710 Pissanitzen victims of a plague - epidemic that reduced the population of the village again strong.
In the second half of the 19th century, Pissanitzen was mainly characterized by agriculture and horse breeding. In 1868 the church burned down again. Years later, a brick church was built for the first time .
On May 27, 1874, after a Prussian municipal reform, the Pissanitzen district was created from the rural communities of Czybulken, Groß Lasken , Kulessen , Loyen , Makoscheyen , Pissanitzen, Ropehlen and Sieden .
In 1895 there were 516 inhabitants in Pissanitzen, 496 of whom were Protestant, 6 Catholic and 12 of other faiths.
In October 1913, Pissanitzen was connected to the railway network via the Lycker Kleinbahnen and thus to the district town of Lyck.
In 1914 Pissanitzen was drawn into the first combat operations of the First World War and the church was badly damaged by Russian artillery fire. The church ruins were rebuilt in their neo-Gothic style after the war in 1922/23 .
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Pissanitzen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Pissanitzen 420 people voted to stay with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.
Pissanitzen was renamed on May 14, 1926 in the course of the Germanization of place names of Masurian, Polish or Lithuanian origin in "Ebenfelde". The district was renamed in the same way. In 1931 the district of Ebenfelde was reorganized and instead of the previous eight rural communities comprised the six communities of Ebenfelde, Groß Lasken, Kulessen, Loyen, Makoscheyen and Sieden.
In 1939 there were 562 inhabitants in Ebenfelde (Pissanitzen). There were also 122 houses and 64 farms in the village. The last head of the district was Wilhelm Kunke from 1938 to 1945 .
At the end of the Second World War , Ebenfelde was badly damaged. After the war ended in 1945, Ebenfelde fell to Poland. The resident German population, if they had not fled, was largely expelled or resettled after 1945 and, in addition to the traditional Masurian minority, replaced by new citizens from other parts of Poland. The place Ebenfelde was renamed "Pisanica" after the Polish spelling of the historical place name Pissanitzen.
In the 1950s a factory for brick production was established in Pisanica as another important economic factor. From 1961, in the course of this economic development, a new building area was built on the outskirts of Pisanica, whereby the population grew to 3,000 inhabitants (2006). A chemical plant was set up in Pisanica in the 1970s. Pisanica got a high school .
From 1975 to 1998 Pisanica belonged to what was then the Suwałki Voivodeship and in 1999 came to the newly formed Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . Today the village is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish Sołectwo ) and thus a village within the Gmina Kalinowo group .
In 2001, regular operations on the railway line running through Pisanica, the Ełcka Kolej Dojazdowa , formerly Lycker Kleinbahnen , ceased. A partial reactivation is planned.
Religions
Church building
In 1565 Pissanitzen became a church village. The first church was made of wood and - like the following - fell victim to the flames. Finally, on January 29, 1914, a brick church built in neo-Gothic style according to the plans of the Berlin builder Arthur Kickton was inaugurated, but was destroyed during the war a few months later. It was restored in the first 1920s. It was a Protestant church until 1945, today it is used as a Roman Catholic parish church.
Parish
Evangelical
A Protestant parish existed in Pissanitzen for 380 years. It was incorporated into the church district of Lyck in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union and in 1925 (census) had a total of 3,300 parish members. Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to the life of the parish. Today the few Protestant church members belong to the parish in Ełk (Lyck) in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Roman Catholic
Due to the influx of Polish citizens, a Catholic community was able to establish itself in Pisanica after 1945, which initially still belonged to the parish in Wiśniowo Ełckie (Wischniewen , 1938 to 1945 Kölmersdorf) . Pisanica has had its own parish since May 15, 1971, to which the once Protestant and now Catholic parish church of the Mother of God, Queen of Poland, belongs. It is part of the Deanery Miłosierdzia Bożej in Ełk in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 928
- ^ Pisanica - Pissanitzen / Ebenfelde
- ↑ Rolf Jehke, Pissanitzen / Ebenfelde district
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 86
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Lyck (Lyk, Polish Elk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Gmina Kalinowo
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian churches. Göttingen 1968, pp. 123–124, fig. 571
- ^ A b Parish of Pisanica in the Diocese of Ełk
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 494