Kalinowo
| Kalinowo | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Ełk | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 52 ' N , 22 ° 40' E | ||
| Residents : | see Gmina | ||
| Postal code : | 19-314 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 87 | ||
| License plate : | NEL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Dk 16 : Grudziądz - Olsztyn - Mrągowo - Orzysz - Ełk ↔ Augustów - Ogrodniki (- Lithuania ) | ||
| Ext. 661 : Cimochy / Ext. 655 - Wierzbowo → Kalinowo | |||
| Dorsze - Iwaśki / Marcinowo → Kalinowo | |||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Rural community | ||
| Gmina structure: | 47 localities | ||
| 42 school authorities | |||
| Surface: | 285.17 km² | ||
| Residents: | 6751 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 24 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2805032 | ||
| Administration (as of 2013) | |||
| Mayor : | Andrzej Bezdziecki | ||
| Address: | ul.Mazurska 11 19-314 Kalinowo |
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| Website : | www.kalinowo.pl | ||
Kalinowo ( German Kallinowen , 1938 to 1945 Dreimühlen ) is a village and seat of the Gmina Kalinowo in eastern Masuria in Poland .
Geographical location
Kalinowo is located in the eastern Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in the powiat Ełcki ( Lyck district ), 20 kilometers northeast of the town of Ełk (Lyck) .
Kalinowo (Kallinowen / Dreimühlen)
history
The village of Kallinowen probably originated in the 15th century. The origin of the name is not clear. Probably it comes from the Slavic root kalina for a hill, but at the same time Kalina is also a first name.
It was first mentioned in a document in 1499 by a pastor Mathias in Calinowo , which is used as the official founding date of the congregation, also in 1999 for the 500th anniversary of the congregation. Based on this first mention of a pastor, it can be assumed that a church already existed in the village at that time.
In 1656 the Tatars, allied with Poland, invaded large parts of Masuria and thus Kallinowen and caused the village, which was then Prussian to be almost completely destroyed . A large part of the 800 people in the village perished or were deported to the Tatar Republic for the purposes of slavery . It is said that the pastor Baranowski managed to escape with his wife and a two-year-old son. But this was then captured in Czychen ( Polish: Cichy ) by invading Tatars, abducted and enslaved. He died as a galley slave on Crete . His son, believed to be dead, was found in Czychen, brought to Lyck and survived. The Kallinow teacher Zaborovius, who had also been kidnapped to Tatarei, was able to escape from there, returned to Kallinowen after a long walk and succeeded Baranowski as pastor.
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Kallinowen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Kallinowen, 380 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.
Until 1945, at the end of the Second World War , Dreimühlen (Kallinowen) belonged to East Prussia in the German Reich and then fell to Poland , which was near the border before. The population originally resident here was largely expelled after 1945, unless they had fled, while new citizens from other parts of Poland - especially from the Rączki region - were settled here. Dreimühlen got its old Masurian name back in the Polish form "Kalinowo".
From 1975 to 1998 Kalinowo was part of the Suwałki Voivodeship . As part of a Polish territorial reform, the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship was created on January 1, 1999 , which essentially corresponds to the former province of East Prussia - excluding the northern part , which belongs to Russia as Kaliningrad Oblast .
District Kallinowen / Dreimühlen (1874–1945)
In May 1874 the district of Kallinowen was formed from the eleven rural communities Alt Czymochen , Dorschen , Gingen , Iwaschken , Kallinowen, Kokosken , Kowahlen, Maaschen , Marczynowen , Pientken and Trentowsken (11 communities). It was initially administered by the head of the office in Marczynowen.
In 1908 there was a community reform in which the villages of Kowahlen and Trentowsken were added to a different district, so that nine villages remained in the district of Kallinowen.
In 1926, the village of Pientken, which is located in Kallinowen, was renamed Blumental. In 1928, Marczynowen was renamed Martinshöhe. In 1929 Alt Czymochen got the new name Finsterwalde. In 1931 the district of Kallinowen was restructured with the now associated villages Blumental , Dluggen , Dorschen , Finsterwalde , Gingen , Hennenberg , Iwaschken , Kallinowen, Kolleschnicken , Kreuzborn , Maaschen , Martinshöhe and Prawdzisken . The mayor of Kallinowen, who was previously in Marczynowen (Martinshöhe), was now based in Dluggen.
On July 16, 1938, the town of Kallinowen was renamed Dreimühlen. Other villages in the district with Masurian place names were Germanized or renamed: Dluggen in Langenhöh, Iwaschken in Hansbruch, Kolleschnicken in Jürgenau, Maaschen in Maschen and Millewen in Millau. On November 15, 1938, the associated district of Kallinowen was also renamed to Dreimühlen district.
Religions
Church building
With the reconstruction after 1656 a new wooden church was built in the center of the village . This burned down completely in the fighting of the First World War . From 1924 to 1926, a new building made of fieldstone was built in its place according to plans by architect and church builder Arthur Kickton , which has largely been preserved until today, except for the conversion from a Protestant to a Catholic church in 1945 .
Parish
Evangelical
Kallinowen was already a church village in pre-Reformation times. The Lutheran Reformation soon found its way here, and until 1906 two clergymen held office at the same time. The parish of Kallinowen was parish in numerous localities, and in 1925 the parish had 3,600 parishioners. Until 1945 it belonged to the church district of Lyck in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Flight and expulsion of the local population made the work of the Protestant parish no longer possible here. The few Protestant church members living here today stick to the parish in the district town of Ełk (Lyck) , a subsidiary of the parish in Pisz ( Johannisburg in German ) in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Roman Catholic
Before 1945 there were very few Catholics in the Kallinowen region . They were assigned to the parish Prawdziska ( Prawdzisken , 1938 to 1945 Reiffenrode ) in the deanery Masuria II (seat: Johannisburg ) in the diocese of Warmia .
Kalinowo has had its own parish since 1946. She belongs to the deanery Miłosierdzia Bożej in Ełk in the diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .
Personalities
Born in Kalinowo (Kallinowen / Dreimühlen):
- Julius Kiehl (1808–1868), pastor in Mensguth
- Karl Schellong (1805–1868), pastor in Arys
- Louis Schellong (1827–1897), Superintendent in Marggrabowa
- Franz Schellong (1836–1912), judge at the Prussian Higher Administrative Court
- Heinrich Schellong (1838–1898), school councilor in Königsberg (Prussia)
- Heinrich Skrodzki (1853–1915), lawyer and notary in Krossen
Because of the many Schellongs, Kallinowen was also called Schellongowen .
Attractions
One of the sights is the medieval-style stone church in Kalinowo, built between 1924 and 1926, with a wooden ceiling painted inside by the artist Ernst Fey from Berlin . The altar shrine shows the figure of the crucified Savior, Mary and John as the work of a sculptor from Munich .
Next to the church is the grave and a bilingual plaque for the former pastor Michael Pogorzelski , who preached here in German and Masurian from 1780 to 1798 . This was described in the comedy Magician God by Paul Fechter from Elbing . In addition, there is a memorial plaque for Bernhard Rostock, who was pastor in Kallinowen from 1739 to 1759 and who wrote the hymn The field is white, the ears of corn are sloping .
From 1918 a narrow-gauge line of the Lyck Kleinbahnen ran from Lyck (Ełk) to Turowen (1938 to 1945 Auersberg , Polish Turowo ) with a train station in Kallinowen (Kalinowo) , which has also been a listed building since 1992. Regular passenger traffic was discontinued in 2001 by the Polish State Railways (PKP). A restoration of the line at least between Ełk and Sypitki ( Sypittken , 1938 to 1945 four bridges ) is being operated for tourist purposes by a private association. An extension to Kalinowo is being planned.
Gmina Kalinowo
The rural community (gmina wiejska) Kalinowo covers an area of 285.17 km² and had a total of 6751 inhabitants on June 30, 2019. It is mainly characterized by agriculture. About 570 inhabitants are registered in the village itself.
Community structure
The rural community (gmina wiejska) Kalinowo includes next to the village Kalinowo itself today the following localities (German names officially until 1945) :
- Borzymy ( Borszymmen , 1938–1945 Borschimmen )
- Czyńcze ( Czynczen , 1938–1945 Zinschen )
- Długie ( Dluggen , 1938–1945 Langenhöh )
- Dorsze (cod)
- Dudki ( Duttken , 1938–1945 Petzkau )
- Golubie ( Gollubien A , 1938–1945 Gollen )
- Golubka ( Gollupken , 1938–1945 Lübeckfelde )
- Ginie (Gingen)
- Grądzkie ( Gronsken , 1938–1945 Steinkendorf )
- Iwaśki ( Iwaschken , 1938–1945 Hansbruch )
- Jędrzejki ( Jendreyken , 1938–1945 Andreken )
- Kalinowo ( Kallinowen , 1938–1945 Dreimühlen )
- Koleśniki ( Kolleschnicken , 1938–1945 Jürgenau )
- Krzyżewo ( Krzysewen , 1928–1945 Kreuzborn )
- Kucze (Kutzen) , village
- Kulesze (Kulessen)
- Laski Małe (Little Lasken)
- Laski Wielkie (Groß Lasken)
- Lisewo ( Lyssewen , 1938–1945 Lissau )
- Łoje ( Loyen , 1938–1945 Loien )
- Makosieje ( Makoscheyen , 1938–1945 Ehrenwalde )
- Marcinowo ( Marczynowen , 1928–1945 Martinshöhe )
- Mazurowo (boiling)
- Maże ( Maaschen , 1938–1945 Maschen )
- Milewo ( Millewen , 1938–1945 Millau )
- Piętki ( Pientken , 1926–1945 Blumental )
- Pisanica ( Pissanitzen , 1926–1945 Ebenfelde )
- Prawdziska ( Prawdzisken , 1934–1945 Reiffenrode )
- Romanowo ( Romanowen , 1938–1945 Heldenfelde )
- Romoty (Romotten)
- Skomętno ( Skomentnen , 1938–1945 Skomanten )
- Skrzypki ( Skrzypken , 1926–1945 Geigenau )
- Stacze (Statzen)
- Stożne ( Stoosznen , 1938–1945 Stosnau )
- Sypitki ( Sypittken , 1938–1945 four bridges )
- Szczudły ( Szczudlen , 1938–1945 Georgsfelde )
- Turowo ( Thurowen , 1938–1945 Auersberg )
- Wierzbowo ( Wierzbowen , 1938–1945 Waldwerder )
- Wysokie ( Wyssocken , 1938–1945 Waltershöhe )
- Zaborowo ( Saborowen , 1938–1945 Reichenwalde )
- Zanie ( Sanien , 1938–1945 Berndhöfen )
- Zocie ( Soczien , 1938–1945 Kechlersdorf )
Other places in Gmina Kalinowo are:
- Kile ( Kiehlen , 1938–1945 Kielen )
- Kuczki (Kutzen) , good
- Mikolajki ( Mikolaiken , 1938–1945 Thomken )
- Ryczywół (Marienhof)
- Stare Cimochy ( Alt Czymochen , 1929–1945 Finsterwalde )
Former villages in the area of the rural community that were abandoned after 1945 are also Kokoszki ( Kokosken , 1938 to 1945 Hennenberg ) and Przepiórki ( Przepiorken , 1938 to 1945 Wachteldorf ).
Neighboring communities
Kalinowo is surrounded by an urban and rural municipality and seven rural municipalities , four of which already belong to the neighboring Podlaskie Voivodeship :
- Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship:
- Powiat Olecki : City and rural community Olecko ( Marggrabowa (Oletzko) , 1929 to 1945 Treuburg ) and rural community Wieliczki ( Wielitzken , 1938 to 1945 Wallenrode )
- Powiat Ełcki : the rural communities of Ełk (Lyck) and Prostki (Prostken)
- Podlaskie Voivodeship:
- Powiat Augustowski : the rural communes of Augustów and Bargłów Kościelny
- Powiat Grajewski : the rural community of Rajgród
- Powiat Suwalski : the Raczki rural community
Residents
The age structure of the residents of Gmina Kalinowo can be seen using the example of 2014:
traffic
Street
Gmina Kalinowo is located on the major Polish east-west axis Landesstraße 16 (mostly German Reichsstraße 127 ), which connects the three voivodships of Kuyavian-Pomerania , Warmian-Masurian and Podlaskie . Within Kalinowos, the provincial road 661 , which runs in north-south direction, meets state road 16. In addition, the localities of the municipality are linked by side roads and country lanes.
rails
Until 2001, the railway line of Ełcka Kolej Wąskotorowa (formerly: Lycker Kleinbahnen ) ran through the south / south-west of the municipality with the stations Sypitki ( Sypittken / Vierbrücken ), Pisanica ( Pissanitzen / Ebenfelde ), Romanowo ( Romanowen / Heldenfelde ). Borzymy ( Borszymmen / Borschimmen ), Dudki Ełckie ( Duttken / Petzkau ), Kalinowo, Maże ( Maaschen / Maschen ( Eastern Pr.) ), Milewo ( Mlliwen / Millau ) and Turowo ( Thurowen / Auersberg ). It is planned to resume this section of the route for tourist traffic.
air
The connection to the air traffic is unfavorable for Kalinowo. The nearest international airport is in Gdansk and is far away for shuttle traffic.
Web links
- Municipality website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 412
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 84
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Kallinowen / Dreimühlen district
- ^ Church and prominent pastors in Kallinowen
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 123, fig. 569–570
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 493
- ^ Parafia Kalinowo
- ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory
- ↑ Kobiety = women, Mężczyźni = men