Dorsze (Kalinowo)
| Dorsze | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Ełk | ||
| Gmina : | Kalinowo | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 56 ' N , 22 ° 38' E | ||
| Residents : | 91 (2013) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 87 | ||
| License plate : | NEL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Kalinowo / DK 16 - Marcinowo or Iwaśki → Dorsze | ||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Dorsze [ˈdɔrʂɛ] ( German Dorschen ) is a village belonging to the municipality of Kalinowo (Kallinowen , 1938–1945 Dreimühlen) in northeastern Masuria in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , Powiat Ełcki ( Oletzko district , Treuburg district 1933–1945 ).
Geographical location
The village is located nine kilometers northwest of the small town of Kalinowo, and can be reached from there via two forked country roads, each of which then goes on the one hand via Iwaśki (Iwaschken , 1938–1945 Hansbruch) , on the other hand via Marcinowo (Marczynowen , 1928–1945 Martinshöhe) in run into the place.
Today the village has just under 100 inhabitants. It is mainly agricultural. There is also a waterworks.
Place name
The origin of the place name is not clearly established. Presumably he either refers to the female name Dora , which would correspond to the naming of neighboring villages by first name, or to the fish cod , also known as cod , which does not occur in regional waters.
The place name Dorsze appears twice in the northeast of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Another Dorsze (also German: Dorschen , until 1926 only Gut Dorschen ) is located in the Powiat Olecki , but was formerly part of the Goldap district .
history
The village of Dorschen near Kallinowen was first mentioned in 1553 when the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Prince Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach , who later became the first Duke of Prussia, concluded a contract under Magdeburg law in which a Peter Schwarz was entrusted with the administration of the property and the corresponding taxes were listed.
Later the Dorschen estate came into the possession of the Polish aristocratic family Wierzbicki for several centuries , who were admitted to the Prussian nobility in 1772 by King Friedrich II .
On May 27, 1874, as part of a Prussian community reform, a new district of Kallinowen was formed around Dorschen , which included the communities of Alt Czymochen , Dorschen, Gingen , Iwaschken , Kallinowen , Kokosken , Kowahlen, Maaschen , Marczynowen , Pientken and Trentowsken.
In 1895 the village of Dorschen still had 229 inhabitants. At that time 32 agricultural holdings (farms) were recorded, which farmed a total of 514 hectares.
From October 1914, battles of the First World War between German and Russian troops took place in the region , which extended as far as Dorschen. Dorschen was temporarily occupied by the Russians . As a result of this battle, a military cemetery was created on the outskirts of the village for 14 German soldiers known by name and 26 unknown German soldiers as well as four Russian soldiers unknown by name, which is still rudimentary today.
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Dorschen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether it would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. 140 inhabitants of Dorschen voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.
In 1933 there were still 194, then in 1939 only 165 inhabitants were recorded in Dorschen. These were distributed over 20 farms and 39 houses.
Dorschen is the only place in the vicinity of the former Kallinowen that kept its old name when the Masurian place names were Germanized in 1938 .
After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the cod belonging to the German Empire ( East Prussia ), which had previously been located near the border with the Polish region of Podlachia , fell to Poland.
The resident German population, if they had not fled, was largely expelled or resettled after 1945 and, in addition to the traditional Masurian minority, replaced by new citizens from other parts of Poland, in particular from the Raczki region in Podlachia. The place was renamed Dorsze .
From 1975 to 1998 Dorsze belonged to the former Suwałki Voivodeship , then in 1999 it joined the newly formed Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Today it is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish Sołectwo ) and thus a village in the Gmina Kalinowo association.
In 1978 there were only 117 inhabitants in Dorsze. The population continued to decline in the following decades and was given as 100 in 2008. In 2013, 91 inhabitants were counted.
Religions
Dorschen was parish up until 1945 in the Evangelical Church of Groß Czymochen (1928–1945 Reuss, today in Polish Cimochy) in the Church Province of East Prussia of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union and in the Catholic Church of St. Andrew in Prawdziska in the Diocese of Warmia .
Today, on the Catholic side, Dorsze belongs to the parish church in Kalinowo in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland . The Protestant residents stick to the parishes in Ełk (Lyck) and Suwałki in the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
Attractions
- Masurian hut in historical shape made of wood (house number 4) from the 19th century
- School building from the 19th century
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Portret miejscowości statystycznych w gminie Kalinowo (powiat ełcki, województwo warmińsko-mazurskie) w 2013 r. Online (xls file)
- ↑ http://territorial.de/ostp/lyck/dreimueh.htm Rolf Jehke: district of Kallinowen / Dreimühlen
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : Self-determination for East Germany - A documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 83.
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Lyck (Lyk, Polish Elk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Gmina Kalinowo
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 484.