Zawady-Tworki

Zawady-Tworki
	Zawady-Tworki
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Ełk
Gmina :	Prostki
Geographic location :	53 ° 44 '  N , 22 ° 36'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 44 '5 "  N , 22 ° 36' 27"  E
Height :	125 m npm
Residents :	140 (2005)
Postal code :	19-335
Telephone code :	(+48) 87
License plate :	NEL
Economy and Transport
Street :	1872N: Ełk-Szyba / DK 65 - Kałęczyny - Kopijki ↔ Tama / DK 61
Rail route :	(Ełk–) Laski Małe – Zawady-Tworki (no regular operation)
Next international airport :	Danzig

Zawady-Tworki ( German  Sawadden , 1938-1945 Grenzwacht ) is a village belonging to the municipality Prostki (Prostken) in eastern Masuria in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , Powiat Ełcki ( Lyck district ).

Geographical location

The village is located (as the crow flies) 19 kilometers southeast of the district town of Ełk (Lyck) and 10 kilometers northeast of the village of Prostki, to whose municipality it belongs to.

Zawady-Tworki is located on the western bank of the Jezioro Rajgrodzkie ( German  Raygrod Lake ).

Place name

The Masurian place name Sawadden occurred several times in the former East Prussia . It is probably derived from the Slavic word zawada for "obstacle that is difficult to overcome".

history

Sawadden emerged in the 16th century as a settlement island in what was then a heavily forested area, which was gradually cleared from there. The first settlers came mainly from nearby Mazovia .

On May 27, 1874, in the course of a Prussian territorial reform, an administrative district Sawadden was created, to which, in addition to the manor district Savadden, the rural communities Brodowen , Buczylowen, Cziessen , Czyntschen , Jebramken, Klein Lasken , Krzywen , Kutzen , Ossarken, Statzen and Sypittken belonged. Sawadden was the seat of the parish mayor who was a landowner named Arens from 1874 to 1880.

On June 30, 1906, there was a further regional reform in which the previous administrative district of Sawadden was renamed to Sypittken . The Sawadden manor was spun off and assigned to the neighboring district of Wischniewen . This now included the rural communities Dlugossen , Dombrowsken , Giesen , Kallenczynnen , Rules , Wischniewen , Zielasken and the manor districts of Katrinowen , Kossewen, Lyck (domain office) and Sawadden.

On December 1, 1910, there were 110 residents in Sawadden.

On the basis of the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Sawadden belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 whether it would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus Germany) or join Poland. In Sawadden, 40 people voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.

Sawadden was renamed to Grenzwacht on July 16, 1938 in the course of the massive Germanization of Masurian place names of Baltic or Slavic origin operated by the Association of the German East . Here, reference was made to the situation at the time on the border between East Prussia and Poland, after all, there was a military base nearby.

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Sawadden ( border guard ) , which belonged to the German Reich (East Prussia), district of Lyck , fell to Poland . The resident German population, as far as they had not fled, was largely expelled after 1945 and replaced by new citizens from other parts of Poland in addition to the traditional Masurian minority. The place was renamed Zawady.

The small neighboring village of Tworki, located just across the former German-Polish border, was connected, so that the village of Zawady-Tworki was created. The village is now the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish Sołectwo ) and as such a place in the group of Gmina Prostki (Prostken) in the powiat Ełcki ( Lyck district ).

From 1975 to 1998 Zawady-Tworki belonged to what was then the Suwałki Voivodeship , then joined the newly formed Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999 .

church

The district of Tworki was on Polish territory before 1945 and was part of the church of Rajgród .

Sawadden resp. Grenzwacht was in the Protestant Church in Wischniewen (1938 to 1945 Kölmersdorf , Polish Wiśniowo Ełckie ) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union and in the Roman Catholic Church of St. Adalbert in Lyck (Ełk) in the Diocese of Warmia .

Today Zawady-Tworki belongs on the Catholic side to the parish Wiśniowo Ełckie and Rajgród , both in the diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland . The Protestant residents stick to the parish in the district town of Ełk (Lyck) , a branch parish of the parish in Pisz (Johannisburg) in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

traffic

Street

Zawady-Tworki is located on the side road 1872N that the Polish national road 65 (former German National Highway 132 ) at Elk with the terrain to the Podlaskie located national road 61 at Tama connects.

rail

In October 1913, Sawadden was connected to the Lycker Kleinbahnen as a terminal station by a junction next to Klein Lasken ( Laski Małe in Polish ) , creating a railway connection to the district town of Lyck (Ełk) , which has not been regularly operated by Ełcka Kolej Wąskotorowa since 2001 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Polish Postal Code Directory 2013, p. 1591
2. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Jehke, District Sawadden / Sypitken / Vierbrücken
3. ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, district of Lyck
4. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 87
5. ↑ Gmina Prostki ( Memento from December 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 494