District of Elbing

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the district of Elbing Location of the district of Elbing in Germany in 1944/45
Basic data (status approx. 1939/45)
Existing period: 1818-1945
Country : Prussia
Province : East Prussia
Administrative region : West Prussia
Administrative headquarters : Elblag
Surface: 483.6 km²
Residents : 28,149 (May 17, 1939)
Population density : 58.2 inhabitants per km²
License plate : IC
Circle structure: 15 administrative districts
68 municipalities
3 manor districts
Location of the circle
Location of the district

The Elbing district was a Prussian district that existed from 1818 to 1945 . Originally part of the province of West Prussia , it was divided in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles . Its area west of the Nogat fell to the Free City of Danzig . The rest came to East Prussia and remained in the German Reich until 1945 . The district town of Elbing formed its own urban district from 1874. The area of ​​the former district is now part of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

history

The city of Elbing and its surrounding area came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 with the first division of Poland from Prussia's royal share and initially belonged to the Marienburg district (West Prussia) . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the West Prussian province . As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Gdansk administrative district, the new Elbing District was formed on April 1, 1818 from the northern part of the Marienburg District . It included the cities of Elbing and Tolkemit , the Intendanturämter Elbing and Tolkemit and the noble estates of Kadinen and Rehberg. The district office was in Elbing.

From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation from July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire from January 1, 1871 .

Kingdom of Prussia in the German Empire

On January 1, 1874, the city of Elbing left the district and formed its own urban district . The district of Elbing has since been referred to as a district . In 1897 a large area with archaeological finds was discovered near Gut Hansdorf, and excavations were carried out in the 1920s. A large burial ground was also found near Elbing. The finds came to the Elbinger Museum. Further excavations could not be continued because of the war.

On April 1, 1913, the district area was reduced by incorporating the towns of Klein Röbern, Klein Teichhof, Pangritz-Kolonie, Stolzenmorgen, Strauchmühle, Thumberg, Wansau and Wittenfelde into the Elbing district.

Free State of Prussia in the Weimar Republic

West Prussia administrative district 1922–1939

Even before the entry into force of the Treaty of Versailles on October 1, 1919, were on the Vistula Spit nearby rural communities Kahlenberg , Narmeln , Neukrug and Vöglers the circle Danziger lowland reports to the district Elblag. When the Versailles Treaty came into force on January 10, 1920, the part of the Elbing district west of the Nogat had to be ceded to the Free City of Danzig . The district of Elbing lost 25% of its territory and 23% of its inhabitants. In the Free City of Danzig, this area became part of the Großes Werder district .

As a result of the dissolution of the province of West Prussia on November 28, 1920, the district of Elbing was subordinated to the district president in Marienwerder and the province of East Prussia . On December 24, 1920, the rural community of Pröbbernau was reclassified from the Free City of Danzig to the district of Elbing in a subsequent border correction. At the same time, the rural community of Zeyerniederkampen and the manor district of Nogathaffkampen, which had been ceded in January 1920, returned to the district of Elbing. The district of Elbing was also formally incorporated into the province of East Prussia on July 1, 1922. The Marienwerder administrative region was renamed the West Prussia administrative region for reasons of tradition . The seat of the district president remained in Marienwerder.

On September 30, 1928 the manor districts Freiwalde, Groß Wesseln, Herrenpfeil, Pfarrwald and Vogelsang and on October 17, 1928 the manor districts Eichwalde and Spittelhof were incorporated into Elbing. On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Elbing district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all but three manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

Prussia under the National Socialist Reich government

Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (August 1943)

The district of Elbing became part of the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia on November 26, 1939, later Gdansk-West Prussia and became part of the new administrative district of Danzig . In January and February 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the Soviet occupying power placed the Reich territory under Polish administration in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The vast majority of German inhabitants were in the aftermath of the circle area sold .

Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Since the end of the Second World War, the district has continued to exist in the form of the Powiat Elbląski ( Elbląg District ), whose administration has its seat in Elbing and which has been part of the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship since 1998 . This voivodeship largely corresponds to the southern half of East Prussia, which was placed under Polish administration in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement ; its capital is Olsztyn (Allenstein).

politics

District administrators

elections

In the German Empire, the city and the district of Elbing together with the district of Marienburg formed the Reichstag constituency of Danzig 1 . Almost all of the constituency was won by conservative candidates.

Local constitution

The district of Elbing was divided into the cities of Elbing (until 1874) and Tolkemit, in rural communities and - until their disappearance in 1929 - in manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the municipal constitution valid in the German Reich came into force on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural communities were now referred to as municipalities. These were grouped together in administrative districts . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

population

In 1874 the city of Elbing left the district as a separate urban district. In order to ensure comparability of the figures before and after, the aggregated values ​​of the city and district are also given.

Hansdorf manor around 1860,
Alexander Duncker collection

Population development

  • 1821 0041,632
  • 1831 0044,406
  • 1852 0059.297
  • 1861 0060.852
  • 1871 0068.471
  • 1890 0037,610, with Elbing 79,186
  • 1900 0038,800, with Elbing 91,318
  • 1910 0038,611, with Elbing 97,247
  • 1925 0026,717, with Elbing 94,595
  • 1933 0026.202, with Elbing 98.611
  • 1939 0026.992, with Elbing 110.182

Denominations

year Protestant Catholics Jews other
absolutely % absolutely % absolutely % absolutely %
1821 32,636 78.4 6,534 15.7 288   0.7 2.174   5.2
1852 46,401 78.3 10,331 17.4 510   0.9 2,055   3.5
1871 53,137 77.6 12,559 18.3 560   0.8 2,215   3.2
1890 28,572 76.0 7,321 19.5 28   0.1 1,689   4.5
1910 29,153 75.5 7,964 20.6 18th   0.1 1,476   3.8
together with the Elbing district :
1890 60,676 76.6 15,436 19.5 512   0.6 2,562   3.2
1910 74,866 77.0 18,904 19.4 389   0.4 3,088   3.2

The rather large group of the other denominations was mostly formed by Mennonites . The steady decline in their share of the population was due to strong emigration.

cities and communes

Municipalities ceded in 1920

The following municipalities belonged to the area west of the Nogat, which had to be ceded to the Free City of Danzig in 1920:

inlay
Fürstenau
Border village A
Border village B
Gross Mausdorf
Maid
Keitlau
Little Mausdorf
Klein Mausdorferweide
Krebsfeld
Lakendorf
Lupushorst
Neudorf
Neulanghorst
Neustädterwald
Rosenort
Stuba
Walldorf
Zeyer
Zeyervorderkampen

Administrative structure 1945

At the beginning of 1945, the district of Elbing consisted of 68 communities, including the city of Tolkemit , and three manor districts:

Districts & municipalities Population (1939) comment
City of Tolkemit    
1. Tolkemit, city 3866  
Cadinen district    
1. Cadines 448  
Damerau district    
1. Behrendshagen 347  
2. Damerau 370  
3. Drewshof 173  
4. Schönwalde 211  
District Dörbeck    
1. Dörbeck 631  
2. Groß Steinort 628  
3. Lenzen 998  
4. Succase 770  
Ellerwald district    
1. Ellerwald I. Trift 211  
2. Ellerwald II. Trift 181  
3. Ellerwald III. Trift 411  
4. Ellerwald IV. Trift 220  
5. Ellerwald V. 252  
6. Kraffohlsdorf 683  
Fichthorst district    
1. Fichthorst , parish -free manor district (partially) 1533 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Elbinger Territory
2. Hoppenau 155  
3. Moss break 162  
4. Möskenberg 85  
5. Neuhof 182  
6. Nogathau 466  
7. Mud bag 48  
8. Schwarzdamm 63  
District of Frisches Haff    
1. Fresh lagoon, part of Kr. Elbing, community-free estate district 0  
District Grunau Höhe    
1. Dambitzen 421  
2. Grunau height 533  
District of Kahlberg    
1. Kahlberg, Forst, parish-free manor district 0  
2. Kahlberg- Liep 742  
3. Narmels 295  
4. Neukrug 114  
5. Pröbbernau 269  
6. Vöglers 188  
Kerbswalde district    
1. Ash stalls 236  
2. Great Wickerau 193  
3. Carved horn 164  
4. Klein Wickerau 164  
5. Oberkerbswalde 349  
6. Extensor foot 306  
7. Unterkerbswalde 308  
Lärchwalde district    
1. Groß Röbern 288  
2. Lärchwalde 1176  
District Neukirch Höhe    
1. Birkau 75  
2. Conradswalde 267  
3. Dünhöfen 159  
4. Haselau 191  
5. Hut 214  
6. Klakendorf 49  
7. Neuendorf-Kämmereidorf 70  
8. Neukirch Höhe 602  
9. back 157  
Pomehrendorf district    
1. Fichthorst, parish-free manor district (remainder) 1533 Renamed 16 July 1938, formerly Elbinger Territory
2. Pomehrendorf 351  
3. Stoboi 583 Renamed July 16, 1938, formerly Stoboy
4. Wolfsdorf height 286  
District Prussian Mark    
1. Beard comb 109  
2. Bohemian mix 157  
3. Kämmersdorf 256  
4. Meis Latin 167  
5. Neuendorf Höhe 249  
6. Plans 190  
7. Prussian mark 248  
8. Serpin 179  
9. Wöklitz 328  
Terranova district    
1. Bulwark 395  
2. Fischerskampe 293  
3. Terranova 1245  
4. Zeyerniederkampen 682  
Trunz district    
1. Baumgart 487  
2. Königshagen 158  
3. Maypole 495  
4. Trunz 661  

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Elbing  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. One of the few original copies is in the city ​​library (Lübeck) , in the Herder Institute (Marburg) , in the Truso archive of Elbing's godfather city of Bremerhaven and in Herne's Martin-Opitz-Bibliothek .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ August von Haxthausen : The rural constitution in the individual provinces of the Prussian monarchy . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1839, p. 153 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 14th ff . ( Digitized version ).
  3. ^ Max Toeppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 353 ( digitized version ).
  4. Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / zhsf.gesis.org
  5. Cities, municipalities and manor districts 1910
  6. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Free State of Prussia, Volume 1: Province of East Prussia, Berlin 1931
  7. a b Official directory of the German Reich 1939, 2nd edition 1941