Oletzko district

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Former district building in Treuburg

The Oletzko district (from 1933 Treuburg district , from 1939 Treuburg district ) was a Prussian district in East Prussia that existed from 1818 to 1945. On January 1, 1945 it comprised:

  • the city of Treuburg (until 1928 Marggrabowa ),
  • 99 other municipalities as well
  • an estate district (forest).

Today the powiat Olecki in Poland corresponds roughly to the former district .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

With the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the Oletzko district was established on September 1, 1818 in the Gumbinnen administrative district in the East Prussian province .

This included the parishes:

The district office was in the district town of Treuburg (until 1928: Marggrabowa).

Since December 3, 1829, the district - after the merger of the previous provinces of Prussia and West Prussia - belonged to the new province of Prussia with the seat in Königsberg i. Pr.

North German Confederation and German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . After the province of Prussia was divided into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Oletzko district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878.

On July 1, 1909, the rural community of Groß Czymochen and the manor district of Czymochen from the Lyck district were incorporated into the Oletzko district.

On February 18, 1920, for the time of the referendum, the Oletzko district temporarily moved from the Gumbinnen district to the Allenstein district , which formed the Allenstein voting area , where the people should vote on membership of Germany . In the Oletzko district there were 28,625 votes to remain in East Prussia and 2 to join Poland.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Oletzko district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

Since June 27, 1933, the Oletzko district had the new name Treuburg after the district town of Marggrabowa, which had already been renamed "Treuburg" on December 21, 1928.

During the Battle of East Prussia in the spring of 1945, the district was occupied by the Red Army . After the end of the war , the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . As far as the German population had not fled, she was largely in the aftermath of the circle area sold .

population

  • 1890: 40,401 including 420 Catholics, 223 Jews (24,000 Poles)
  • 1900: 38,430 thereof 37,714 Evangelicals, 436 Catholics
  • 1910: 38,850 thereof 37,679 Evangelicals, 709 Catholics

Local constitution

The district of Oletzko was initially divided into the township of Marggrabowa, into rural communities and - until their almost complete elimination - into independent manor districts.

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all municipalities from January 1, 1934. The previous municipality of Treuburg was now called the city .

With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level .

A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

District administrators

Oletzko district

  • 1818–1833: Karl Heinrich von Morstein (1758–1842)
  • 1833–1844: Gustav von Saltzwedel (1808–1897)
  • 1841-1850: from Lenski
  • 1850–1852: election (substitute)
  • 1852–1889: by Küster
  • 1859 -9999: von Wedel-Schwerin (substitute)
  • 1859 -9999: Steinberg (provisional)
  • 1860–1874: Julius Frenzel (1830–1880)
  • 1874–1877: Bruno Fornet
  • 1877 -9999: Albrecht Oberg (acting)
  • 1877–1879: Rudolf Moehrs
  • 1879–1888: Karl Volprecht
  • 1888–1894: Wilhelm Meister
  • 1894–1919: Emil Braemer (1860–1939)
  • 1919–1921: Paul Walzer (1879–1936)
  • 1921–1933: Bruno Wachsmann

District of Treuburg

Place names

On December 21, 1928, the district town of Marggrabowa was renamed "Treuburg".

In 1938, numerous place names were Germanized in the Treuburg district. These were mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions, for example:

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andreas Kossert: Prussia, Germans or Poles? The Masurians in the field of tension of ethnic nationalism 1870–1956 . Ed .: German Historical Institute Warsaw . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2001, ISBN 3-447-04415-2 , p. 157 .
  2. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  3. ↑ GEDBAS: Karl Heinrich VON MORSTEIN. Retrieved March 1, 2020 .