Kowale Oleckie

Kowale Oleckie
	Kowale Oleckie
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Warmia-Masuria
Powiat :	Olecko
Geographic location :	54 ° 10 '  N , 22 ° 25'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 9 '54 "  N , 22 ° 24' 56"  E
Residents :	2400
Postal code :	19-420
Telephone code :	(+48) 87
License plate :	NOE
Economy and Transport
Street :	DK65 : Ełk - Gołdap
	Ext. 652 : Suwałki ↔ Kowale Oleckie
	Gryzy - Sokółki → Kowale Oleckie
Rail route :	no rail connection
Next international airport :	Szczytno-Szymany
	Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype:	Rural community
Gmina structure:	26 school offices
Surface:	251.61 km²
Residents:	4989 (Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density :	20 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ):	2813032
Administration (as of 2014)
Community leader :	Helena Żukowska
Address:	ul.Kosciuszki 44 19-420 Kowale Oleckie
Website :	www.kowale.fr.pl

Kowale Oleckie ( German Kowahlen , 1938–1945 Reimannswalde ) is a village and seat of the rural community Gmina Kowale Oleckie in the Powiat Olecki ( Oletzko / Treuburg district ).

Geographical location

Kowale Oleckie is located in the far east of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship between the district towns of Olecko and Gołdap (Goldap) . The place touches the southeastern extension of the Seesker Höhe (Polish: Wzgórza Szeskie).

The village of Kowale Oleckie (Kowahlen / Reimannswalde)

history

The local area of ​​the earlier Kowahlen had belonged to the Teutonic Order State since the end of the 13th century and was an uninhabited wilderness for a long time. The adverse conditions were unattractive for German colonists , so that the area was settled late from the south from the Polish Mazovia .

In 1563 Albrecht I of Brandenburg-Ansbach gave the Absolan Rymanów 1,008 hectares of coniferous forest as a fief and gave him jurisdiction over this area. In this area, the Chelchen estate (Polish: Chełchy) and the Kowahlen estate, which was named after the Polish settler Jan Kowalewscy , were established in 1564 .

In 1910 Kowahlen had 653 inhabitants.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Kowahlen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Kowahlen, 418 residents voted to stay with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.

In the 1930s, the community and its surrounding area experienced an upswing when many new businesses opened and new roads were built, the population rose to 1,126 (1933) and 1,233 (1939). In the course of the Germanization of Polish and Lithuanian place names in East Prussia by the Nazi regime, Kowahlen was renamed Reimannswalde (after Rymanów = Reimann ) in 1938 .

On 22./23. January 1945, towards the end of the Second World War , the place was taken by the Red Army and, as Kowale Oleckie, a part of Poland. Today it is the seat of a Schulzenamt (Polish: sołectwo) and a locality in the network of the rural community Kowale Oleckie in Powiat Olecki , until 1998 the Suwałki Voivodeship , since then part of the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship .

District of Kowahlen / Reimannswalde

Between 1874 and 1945 Kowahlen was an official village and thus gave its name to an administrative district , which - renamed in 1939 to “Reimannswalde” - belonged to the Oletzko district , from 1933 to 1945 “ Treuburg district ”, in the Gumbinnen administrative district of the Prussian province of East Prussia . Initially seven, later four villages were assigned to him:

Surname	Change name 1938–1945	Polish name	Remarks
Chelchen	Foothills	Chełchy
Danielle (village)	Kleinreimannswalde	Daniele	later merged with the estate
Danielle (Good)	Kleinreimannswalde	Daniele	1928 incorporated into Monethen
Guhsen		Guzy
Borrishof	Borishof	Borysovo	1928 incorporated into Kowahlen
Kowahlen	Reimannswalde	Kowale Oleckie
Nautical masks	Seesken, Ksp. Schareyken	Szeszki

Religions

Evangelical

On the evangelical side , neither Kowahlen nor Kowale Oleckie was a church village . Until 1945 the place was incorporated into the parish of the Church of Schareyken (1938 to 1945: Schareiken, Polish: Szarejki) and thus belonged to the Oletzko / Treuburg church district in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Since 1945 the Protestant residents have been oriented towards the parish in Gołdap , a branch parish of Suwałki in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

Aerial view - looking towards the church in Kowale Oleckie

Before 1945, the Roman Catholic church members were assigned to the parish in Marggrabowa (1928 to 1945: Treuburg, Polish: Olecko) in the Diocese of Warmia . Since 1962 Kowale Olecko has had its own parish called Parafia św. Jana Chrzciciela ( John the Baptist ) carries. A separate church was built here between 1984 and 1989, which was consecrated on June 14, 1989 by Bishop Edmund Piszcz . The parish is assigned to the Dean's Office Olecko -Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny, which belongs to the Diocese of Ełk of the Catholic Church in Poland .

In addition to Drozdowo (Drosdowen , 1938 to 1945 Drosten) with its own church, the parish Kowale Oleckie also includes the following places: Chełchy (Chelchen , 1938 to 1945 Vorbergen) , Daniele (Danielle , 1938 to 1945 Kleinreimannswalde) , Drozdówko (Salzwedel) , Guzy (Guhsen ) , Kowale Oleckie, Kucze (Kutzen) , Lakiele (Lakellen , 1938 to 1945 Schönhofen) and Szeszki (Seesken) .

Gmina Kowale Oleckie

The rural municipality Kowale Oleckie is located in the north of the Powiat Olecki and is surrounded by the urban and rural municipality Gołdap (Goldap) in the powiat Gołdapski , the rural municipality Świętajno and the urban and rural municipality Olecko (Marggrabowa , 1928 to 1945 Treuburg) - both in the powiat Olecki - and the rural municipality of Filipów , which is already part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship .

The Gmina Kowale Oleckie covers an area of ​​251.61 km² and has more than 5,000 inhabitants, almost half of whom live in Kowale Oleckie.

Community structure

The municipality includes 26 localities with the seat of a Schulzenamt (Sołectwo), as well as 19 smaller localities, settlements or residential areas assigned to them:

Polish name	German name (until 1945)		Polish name	German name (until 1945)
Bialskie Pole	Noble Neufelde		Kiliany	Kilianas 1938–1945 Kilianas
Borkowiny	Borkowinnen 1938–1945 Jarken		Kowale Oleckie	Kowahlen 1938–1945 Reimannswalde
Chełchy	Chelchen 1938–1945 foothills		Lakiele	Lakelles 1938–1945 Schönhofen
Cicha Wólka	Grappendorf 1938–1945 Kleinbolken		Monety	Monethen 1938–1945 Moneten
Czerwony Dwór	Rothebude		Rogówko	Rogowken 1938–1945 Roggenfelde
Czukty	Czukten 1938–1945 Schuchten		Sokółki	Sokolken 1938–1945 Halldorf
Dorsze	Cod		Stacze	Legs
Drozdowo	Drosdowen 1934–1945 Drosten		Bumps	Stoosznen 1938–1945 Stosnau
Golubie Wężewskie	Gollubia, Ksp. Czychen 1934–1945 Friedberg		Szarejki	Schareyken 1938–1945 Schareiken
Golubki	Gollubia, Ksp. Marggrabowa 1938–1945 Kalkhof		Szeszki	Nautical masks
Gorczyce	Gortzitzen 1909–1945 Gartenberg		Szwałk	Klein Schwalg 1938–1945 Schwalg
Guzy	Guhsen		Wężewo	Wensöwen 1938–1945 Eibenau
Jabłonowo	Neuendorf		Zawady Oleckie	Sawadden 1938–1945 Schwalgenort

Other localities are: Borki , Borysowo (Borrishof , 1938–1945 Borishof) , Budki (Buttken) , Daniele (Danielle , 1938–1945 Kleinreimannswalde) , Drozdówko (Salzwedel) , Dunajek (Duneyken / Duneiken, Forst) , Główka , Gościrady (Julienhof ) , Kilianki (Friedensdorf) , Koniszki (Theerofen) , Kucze (Kutzen) , Leśny Zakątek (Waldkater) , Mazury , Piastowo (Friedrichshof) , Wierzbianki ( Wiersbianken , 1938–1945 Lichtenhain) , Zawady Małe (Klein Sawadden , 1938–1945 Kleinschwalgenort ) , Żydy (Sydden . 1938–1945 Sidden )

traffic

Streets

Kowale Oleckie is conveniently located on the important north-south axis, the state road 65 (former German Reichsstraße 132 ), which connects the Polish-Russian state border at Gołdap with the Polish-Belarusian border near Białystok . Provincial road 652 ( Reichsstrasse 137 ), which leads from the Podlaskie Voivodeship to Suwałki, ends in Kowale Oleckie . Incidentally, the individual villages of the Gmina are linked to one another by side roads, including country roads.

rails

Until 1993, Kowale Oleckie and the associated place Stożne (Stoosznen , 1938 to 1945 Stosnau) were each train station on the Ełk – Tschernjachowsk (Lyck – Insterburg) railway , which has not been operated since 1993. Today there is only a train connection via the train station in Ełk .

Web links

• Municipality website (Polish)
• Website of the Diocese of Ełk / Parish of Kowale Oleckie

Individual evidence

1. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Reimannswalde / Kowale Oleckie war cemetery - construction, maintenance and repair | Volksbund.de. Retrieved July 29, 2019 . 
3. ^ Uli Schubert, municipality directory, district of Oletzko
4. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 65
5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Treuburg (Oletzko). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ^ Rolf Jehke, Kowahlen / Reimannswalde district