Świętajno (Powiat Olecki)

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Świętajno
Coat of arms of the Świętajno commune (Powiat Olecki)
Świętajno (Poland)
Świętajno
Świętajno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Olecki
Gmina : Świętajno
Area : 2.15  km²
Geographic location : 54 ° 0 ′  N , 22 ° 19 ′  E Coordinates: 54 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 22 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 1100
Postal code : 19-411
Telephone code : (+48) 87
License plate : NOE
Economy and Transport
Street : Dunajek / ext. 655 ↔ Giże - Rosochackie - Olecko / DK 65
Połom - Sulejki → Świętajno
Rail route : no rail connection
Next international airport : Danzig



Świętajno ( German Schwentainen ) is a village in the Powiat Olecki of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . The place with about 1100 inhabitants is the seat of the rural community of the same name with 3909 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).

Geographical location

Świętajno is located in the eastern center of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , twelve kilometers southwest of the district town of Olecko (Marggrabowa , 1928 to 1945 Treuburg) , and extends on the east bank of the Jezioro Świętajno ( Lake Schwentain ).

Place name

The name "Schwentainen" is derived from the Prussian word swents (= "holy").

history

The Kirchdorf Schwentainen was founded in 1554 . In 1874 it became the seat and eponymous for an administrative district that existed until 1945 and belonged to the Oletzko district (from 1933 "Treuburg district") in the Gumbinnen district of the Prussian province of East Prussia .

In 1910, 682 residents were registered in Schwentainen. A census in 1933 showed 761 residents, down from 689 in 1939.

Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Schwentainen belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether it would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Schwentainen, 553 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not vote.

As a result of the war, Schwentainen came to Poland in 1945 along with all of southern East Prussia and received the Polish form of the name "Świętajno". Today the village is the seat of a Schulzenamt ( Polish sołectwo ) and the central village of the rural community Świętajno in the Powiat Olecki ( Oletzko district or Treuburg ), before 1998 the Suwałki Voivodeship , since then it has belonged to the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship .

Schwentainen district

On May 27, 1874 the district of Schwentainen was established. Initially, it counted six associated locations, in the end there were eight due to structural changes:

Surname Change name from
1938 to 1945		 Polish name Remarks
Barannas, forest
Dworatzken (from 1934 :)
Herrendorf		 Dworackie
Krzywen (from 1934 :)
Bergenau		 Krzywe
Polommen, domain 1928 incorporated into the rural communities of Duttken, Dworatzken and Schwentainen
Schwentainen Świętajno
Suleyken Suleiken Sulejki
from around 1908:
Duttken Sargensee Dudki previously part of the Orzechowken district
Giesen Giże before: Orzechowken district
Orzechowken (from 1925 :)
Nussdorf		 Orzechówko before: Orzechowken district
from 1929:
Polommen , Dorf		 Herzogsmühle Połom previously part of the Wessolowen district

On January 1, 1945, the Schwentainen district included the following villages: Bergenau, Giesen, Herrendorf, Herzogsmühle, Nussdorf, Sargensee, Schwentainen and Suleiken.

church

The church "in the middle of the village" Świętajno (Schwentainen)

Church building

The first church burned down in 1787 and was rebuilt three years later, initially without the tower, which was only built in 1909. The interior had a vaulted wooden ceiling, the altar and pulpit were united, the bells came from 1803 and 1850. The parish church, which was Protestant until 1945 , now serves as a Catholic church and was structurally adapted to the changed liturgical use. Today it bears the name of the Mother of God of Mount Carmel (Kościół Matki Bożej Szkaplerznej) .

Parish

Evangelical

From 1555 there was an evangelical parish in Schwentainen , whose pastorate was continuously occupied. It was part of the Oletzko / Treuburg church district in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union and in 1925 had a total of 4,550 parishioners. Flight and expulsion of the local population caused church life to collapse around 1945. Evangelical church members living here today orientate themselves towards Wydminy (Widminnen) , a branch church of the parish Giżycko in the diocese of Masuria of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland or to its remote parishes in Ełk (Lyck) or Węgorzewo (Angerburg) .

Roman Catholic

Before 1945, the Catholic parish church was the church in Marggrabowa for the Schwentainer church members (1933 to 1945 Treuburg , Polish Olecko). Since 1962 the church in Świętajno has been the parish church and belongs to the Dean's Office Olecko - Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP in the Diocese of Ełk of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland .

Rural Commune Świętajno

The village itself and 23 other villages with school authorities (sołectwa) belong to the rural community (gmina wiejska) Świętajno . It covers an area of ​​almost 215 km².

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The region is still dominated by agriculture and has high unemployment.

traffic

Świętajno is located south of the voivodeship road DW 655 and can be reached from here via a side road that runs near Dunajek (Duneyken , 1938 to 1945 Duneiken) . In addition, from the national road DK 65 (former German Reichsstraße 131 ) a - partly impassable - side road leads from Olecko (Marggrabowa , 1933 to 1945 Treuburg) via Rosochackie (Rosochatzken , 1938 to 1945 Albrechtsfelde) and Giże (Giesen) to Świętajno, and one Another side street from Połom (Polommen) via Sulejki (Suleyken , 1938 to 1945 Suleiken) .

For Świętajno there is no longer a rail connection today. From 1911 to 1945 the place was the terminus of a small railway line from Marggrabowa (1933 to 1945 Treuburg , Polish Olecko), which was operated by the Oletzkoer Kleinbahnen (later: Treuburger Kleinbahnen), but whose operation was discontinued in 1945.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Świętajno  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Suleyken at the Schwentainer See with Schwentainen and Duneyken
  2. ^ Dietrich Lange: Geographical Register of Places East Prussia (2005): Schwentainen
  3. ↑ a b Rolf Jehke: District of Schwentainen
  4. ^ Uli Schubert: Community directory, district of Oletzko
  5. ↑ Landkreis Treuburg ( Memento from May 9, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Treuburg (Oletzko). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 66.
  8. ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 116, fig. 519
  9. ↑ a b Parafia Świętajno in the Diocese of Ełk ( Memento from August 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 484.
  11. ↑ Merle Hilbk: Europe comes to Masuria. In: Die Zeit, April 1, 2004