Gumbinnen district

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District building in Gumbinnen (around 1900)

The Prussian-German district of Gumbinnen existed from 1818 to 1945. The district town of Gumbinnen was the only place with more than 2000 inhabitants. On January 1, 1945, the district of Gumbinnen included the town of Gumbinnen, 156 other communities with fewer than 2000 inhabitants and two manor districts (forests).

Population development

  • 1871: 46.573
  • 1885: 47.848
  • 1933: 51.147
  • 1939: 55.243

Administrative history

With the Prussian administrative reforms after the Congress of Vienna , the Gumbinnen district in the Gumbinnen administrative district in the Prussian province of East Prussia was created on September 1, 1818 . This included the parishes:

The district office was in Gumbinnen.

On January 1, 1824, the parish of Szirgupönen was incorporated from the Stallupönen district into the Gumbinnen district.

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On July 21, 1875, the rural community Grünheide moved from the Darkehmen district to the Gumbinnen district.

After the province of Prussia was divided into the new provinces of East Prussia and West Prussia, the Gumbinnen district became part of East Prussia on April 1, 1878. On September 30, 1929, as in the rest of Prussia, a territorial reform took place in the Gumbinnen district, in which all previously independent manor districts were dissolved except for two and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1937, the community of Wandlauschen from the Pillkallen district was incorporated into the Gumbinnen district.

In spring 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and came under Soviet administration after the end of the war . Today the former district area belongs to the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast .

District administrators

The former district house, 2008
1818–1840: Aemil von Lyncker
1841–1889: Carl Burchard
1890–1893: Franz Burchard
1894–1899: Hermann Kreth
1899–1908: Bernd von Lüdinghausen-Wolff (1864–1960)
1908–1915: Marcell Sylvester
1915–1919: Friedrich Penner
1919–1920: Eugen Simon
1920 -9999: Roß ( provisional )
1921–1945: Roderich Walther

Local constitution

The Gumbinnen district was divided into the town of Gumbinnen, into rural communities and - until they were almost completely eliminated - into independent manor districts.

With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 .

A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply .

Districts

Between 1874 and 1945, the rural communities, manor and forest districts of the Gumbinnen district were united in 23 administrative districts. Most of them were given a new name between 1938 and 1939 in the course of the National Socialist Germanization efforts:

Name (until 1939) Name (1939–1945) Today's name
Austinehlen Austinshof Orlovka
Brakupönen Rosslinde Kubanowka
Buylien Schulzenwalde Dubrawa
Gerwischkehmen Gerwen Priosjornoje
Grünweitschen Green pastures
Ischdaggen Branden Lermontowo
Jonasthal Jonasthal Okhtinskoye
Judtschen Kanthausen Vessyolovka
Kampischkehmen Angereck Sinyavino
Kieselkehmen Pebble seed Konstantinovka
Kulligkehmen Ohldorf Lipowo
Nemmersdorf Nemmersdorf Mayakovskoye
Niebudszen
from 1936: Niebudschen		 Herzogskirch Krasnogorskoye
Packall niches Bergendorf Suworowo,
now: Jasnoye Pole
Pruszischken
from 1935: Preußendorf		 Prussendorf Bryanskoye
Puff Puff Lomowo
Leap Leap Tamanskoye
Szirgupönen
from 1936: Schirgupönen		 Amtshagen Dalneje
Szuskehmen
from 1936: taking a shot		 Angerhöh Shuchkovo
Stannaitschen Zweilinden Furmanowo
Tzullkinnen
from 1935: Eichenfeld		 Oak field Kaspiyskoye
Walterkehmen Großwaltersdorf Olchowatka
Wilkoshen Wolfseck Grushevka

Place names

In 1936/1938, 118 names of the 160 communities in the Gumbinnen district were "Germanized". These were mostly phonetic adjustments, translations or free inventions:

literature

  • Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 30, item 7.
  • Rudolf Grenz : City and District of Gumbinnen. An East Prussian documentation . Compiled and developed on behalf of the Gumbinnen district community. Marburg / Lahn 1971.
  • Herbert Stücklies, Dietrich Goldbeck: Gumbinnen city and country. Photo documentation of an East Prussian district 1900–1982 . Selected, compiled and explained on behalf of the Gumbinnen district community from the picture collection of the Gumbinnen district archive. Volumes I and II. Bielefeld 1985.
  • Bruno Moritz: History of the Reformed Community of Gumbinnen. Festschrift for the 200th anniversary of the church 1739–1939 . Reprint from the Evangelisches Volksblatt for the Ostmark 1939.
  • Gumbinner home letter. News bulletin for the city and the district of Gumbinnen. Organ of the district community Gumbinnen / East Prussia. Has been published about twice a year since around 1952.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Corps Hasso-Borussia, Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 32 , 181
  2. ^ The protocols of the Prussian State Ministry 1817–1934 / 38. Vol. 11 / II., P. 719. (PDF; 2.0 MB)
  3. ^ Rolf Jehke, cities and administrative districts in the district of Gumbinnen
  4. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. gumbinnen.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).