Judtschen Church
| Judtschen Church (Kanthausen) | |
|---|---|
 Church in Judtschen after reconstruction in 1925. Sketch based on an old postcard |
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| Construction year: | 1725 to 1727 |
| Inauguration: | April 27, 1727 |
| Style elements : | Brick construction, wooden tower |
| Client: | Reformed parish in Judtschen (Church Province of East Prussia) |
| Location: | 54 ° 35 '23 " N , 22 ° 1' 29" E |
| Location: |
Wessjolowka Kaliningrad , Russia |
| Purpose: | French Reformed Parish Church |
| Local community: | No longer exists. Church building was demolished by 1985 |
The church in Judtschen (the place was called Kanthausen from 1938 to 1946 ) in East Prussia was built from 1725 to 1727 as a brick building with a wooden tower and was considered the first French Reformed church in Prussia . Until 1945 it was the Reformed parish church in what is now called Wessjolowka in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad ( Königsberg region (Prussia) ). The church was used for agriculture during the Soviet era, fell into disrepair and was completely demolished as a "quarry" until 1985.
Geographical location
Wessjolowka is located between the cities of Tschernjachowsk (Insterburg) and Gussew (Gumbinnen) and is south of the Russian trunk road A 229 (entry to German Reichsstrasse 1 , now also Europastrasse 28 ) via a land route not far from the bridge over the Angerapp (Russian: Angrapa) Direction to achieve. The place is a train station on the Kaliningrad – Nesterow railway line (Königsberg – Stallupönen / Ebenrode) , a section of the former Prussian Eastern Railway . The village Wessjolowka, which now has 269 inhabitants, is a settlement in the Svobodnenskoje selskoje posselenije (rural municipality Swobode (Jänischken , 1938–1946 Jänichen) ) in the Chernyachovsk district ( Insterburg district ) . Until 1945 the place was in the Gumbinnen district .
The former location of the church is difficult to determine.
Church building
The construction of the church in Judtschen had been planned since 1713, was approved by the king in 1721, but had to accept further delays until it could finally be carried out in the years 1725 to 1727. It was the first French Reformed church in Prussia and was inaugurated on April 27, 1727 in accordance with Reformed tradition. It was a rectangular brick building with a 50 meter high, pointed wooden tower, "44 by 94 feet".
Inside, the pulpit wall took up the entire east side, in front of it stood the altar table, which was kept quite simple in the Reformed style . The church did not have an organ until 1804. Three bells rang in the tower, which had been renovated several times over the years.
Pastor Daniel Ernst Andersch (1701–1771) was buried in July 1771 in a crypt in the eastern half of the church, at the place where the communion table was.
During the First World War , the church burned down on August 24, 1914 when Russian troops marched in and was rebuilt with a modified, squat tower top until 1925. The consecration took place on April 2, 1925.
The church survived the Second World War almost unscathed. After that it stood empty or was used for profane purposes. The building deteriorated more and more when it was finally torn down by the Soviet Army in 1985 and the stones were removed for road construction. Only the rectory near the church is still standing, albeit in a rather dilapidated condition. The term "Kanthaus" is incorrect, as the current building was only built in 1865 and thus long after Kant's activity as a tutor for the pastor of Judtschen, so Kant never lived in it. In between, a new rectory was built in 1810. The rectories, however, were always in the same location.
Parish
Church leaders (ancien) (list is incomplete):
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Küster and Glöckner 1734 to 1944 (list is incomplete):
- 1. Michael Reuter, first mentioned 1764 – circa 1780
- 2. Daniel Radtke around 1767
- 3. Samuel Loyal (1736–1807), around 1774–1807 sexton and bell ringer
- 4. Jacob Loyal (1769–…), 1806 "Glöckner Adjunkt"
- 5. Abraham Loyal (1789 – circa 1849) bell ringer
- 6. Benjamin Prengler around 1840
- 7. ... around 1850–1920
- August 8th Litty (1900–…)… –1944, last bell ringer in Judtschen
Cantors 1714 to 1944 (list is probably complete):
- 1. (active 1710 - 1717) Jacques Fontaine, he came to East Prussia from Geneva in 1710, was actually a locksmith, but is described as the predecessor of Challet and the first teacher of Judtschen
- 2. (active 1717 - approx. 1720) Jacques Cosset follows in 1717. He was a notary in his home country, but he only worked as a schoolmaster in Judtschen for a short time
- 3. (active around 1720 - around 1754) Cantor (chante et lecteur) and schoolmaster Jean Jacques (Johann Jacob) Challet
- 4. (active approx. 1754 - 1765) cantor (presinger) and schoolmaster (praecentor) Christian (Crétien) Weller
- 5. (active approx. 1765 - approx. 1804 emeritus) cantor and headmaster Ludwig Olivier
- 6. (active adjunctus 1796, 1804 - 1851) cantor (and teacher?) Johann Friedrich Flick (1804 the church receives an organ)
- 7. (active adjunctus 1836, 1851 - 1862) Cantor and schoolmaster Johann Friedrich Lamprecht
- 8. (active 1862-1897) Cantor and teacher Johann Schwarz
- 9. (active 1898 - 1922) cantor and teacher Friedrich Wilhelm Franz Luschnat (Kußnat?)
- 10. (active 1922-1935) cantor and teacher Ernst Speer
- 11. (active 1935-1944) cantor and teacher Alfred Reinhold Schwermer
(Source: Church book Judtschen; Passauer Chronik (manuscript); records in the Loyal family archive; database of the library for research on the history of education in Berlin; APG NF, 8th year, 1960, issue 1/6, Hitzigrat, p. 227.)
Church history
After the devastating plague of 1709/10, the population was so decimated that by royal orders colonists from Germany, but also from Switzerland and France, were recruited. In 1713 a congregation was formed in Judtschen, mainly from French Swiss of the Reformed denomination: “Reformed Evangelical French Swiss Congregation”. At that time, planning began for the construction of a church, and the first pastor was appointed in 1714. The services were held in French until August 14, 1787, a contract between the French community and Pastor Müller stipulated that the French services should be abandoned. All descendants of the immigrants spoke the German language.
Until 1722, the Judtschen church was assigned to the French Reformed Inspection, then to the German Reformed Inspection based in Königsberg (Prussia) . Until 1945 the congregation belonged to the independent Reformed Church District within the Church Province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . In 1925 the parish numbered 1700 parishioners who lived in 15 parish towns .
Today Wessjolowka is in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran parish of the Salzburg church in Gussew (Gumbinnen) , which was newly established in the 1990s . This is the parish seat of the ecclesiastical region of Gusew in the provost of Kaliningrad of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Parish places
In addition to the parish, 14 villages and smaller localities belonged to the Judtschen church:
| German name | Name (1938-1946) | Russian name |
|---|---|---|
| Aweningken | ||
| Girnehlen | Mill rest | Pospelowo |
| * Large mixing | Bolshakovo | |
| * Large mopping sticks | Ullrichsdorf | Shuvalovo |
| Grünheide | Medvezhee | |
| Grünwalde | ||
| Small wiping sticks | Ullrichsdorf | Olschankoje |
| Lampseden | Lampshagen | Karavalyevo |
| * Lolidimmen | Lolen | Krasnoye |
| Plimball | Mertinshagen | Markino |
| * Rosenfelde | Novo Shuvalovo | |
| Scribbling | Tambovskoye | |
| * Stobricken | Krammsdorf | Kostino |
| Tittnaggen | Kruger Valley | Markino |
Lutheran (mostly: German) residents of these places visited the church in Ischdaggen (1938–1946: Branden, Russian: Lermontowo) or in other neighboring places.
Pastor
The congregation was founded on August 14, 1713. Between 1714 and 1945, 14 Reformed clergy were in office in Judtschen (from 1938 Kanthausen):
- David Clarenne, January 13, 1714 - July 3, 1729
- Daniel Ernst Andersch, November 1, 1728 - July 14, 1771 †
- Johann Christoph Müller, August 6, 1771 - October 1800
- Christian David Henning September 28, 1800 - 1802 Adjunkt, 1802 - October 1804
- Carl Georg Kretschmar, 1804 - 1812 adjunct, May 3, 1812 - February 20, 1830 †
- vacant February 20, 1830 - August 4, 1831
- Dr. Johann Franz Albert Gillet, August 18, 1831 - July 31, 1834
- vacant January 11, 1835 - March 5, 1836
- Adolph Keßler, March 6, 1836 - March 26, 1838 †
- vacant March 26, 1838 - June 22, 1839
- Eduard Dodillet, June 23, 1839 - October 9, 1861
- Johann Wilhelm Muttray, December 23, 1861 - April 1, 1883
- Traugott Eduard Philipp Kalinowski, April 1, 1883 - January 28, 1884 †
- vacant January 28, 1884 - May 17, 1885, represented by Pastor Georg Eugen Peter Henkys from Eydtkuhnen
- Otto Theodor Bernhard Petrenz, May 17, 1885 - September 16, 1909 †
- Georg Max Lehmann, May 1, 1910 - January 8, 1926 †
- A few months vacant, represented by the Director of Studies Fürstenau
- Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Gaser, 1926 - April 30, 1934
- vacant May 1, 1934 - July 8, 1935
- Theodor Schultz, assistant preacher July 8, 1935 - January 18, 1936, January 19, 1936 - June 30, 1942
- Representation July 1, 1942 - July 23, 1942 † by Pastor Bruno Moritz from Gumbinnen
- vacant July 23, 1942 - October 21, 1944, supplied by Bruno Moritz from Gumbinnen
Pastor Andersch was buried in the church, the other pastors in the Judtschen cemetery or outside. The cemetery is neglected (2015), German graves are no longer recognizable.
literature
- Dierk Loyal: On the history of the French Reformed community of Judtschen (Kanthausen) in East Prussia, which was founded 300 years ago . In: Huguenots , vol. 75, No. 4/2012, pp. 143–176
Individual evidence
- ^ Dierk and Uwe Loyal, History of Judtschen / Kanthausen (with photos from the time before 1945)
- ^ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen, 1968, page 99
- ^ Wessjolowka - Judtschen / Kanthausen at ostpreussen.net
- ↑ Дом пастора - Judtschen rectory at prussia39.ru (with photo from before 1945)
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch, History of the Evangelical Church of East Prussia , Volume 3: Documents , Göttingen, 1968, page 508
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch, Volume 3 (as above). * = School locations
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, p. 233. Dierk Loyal, On the history of the French Reformed community of Judtschen (Kanthausen) in East Prussia, which was founded 300 years ago, in: Hugenotten, Volume 75, No. 4/2012, pp. 143ff.
- ↑ From 1747 to 1750 Immanuel Kant worked as private tutor in the rectory of Pastor Andersch . This stay was decisive for the later renaming of Judtschen to "Kanthausen" and also allowed the rectory to be called "Kanthaus"
- ↑ Muttray († 1892) was a member of the Corps Littuania .
