Vessyolovka (Kaliningrad, Chernyakhovsk)
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Wessjolowka
Judtschen (Kanthausen) Весёловка
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Wessjolowka ( Russian Весёловка ; emphasis: Wessjólowka; to 1938 German Judtschen , 1938-1945 Kant Hausen ) is a village in the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Tschernjachowsk in chernyakhovsky district .
history
Little is known about the history of the settlement and the founding of the village. In the 16th century the villages of Launessieta and Ruduprastt were merged. In 1557 the place was called Jutzschentta, Jutzwethen or Jutzschwethen. The place name may have originated from the name of the dark-looking first Zinser "Jotze" or "Joduz", but more likely the description of the humus soil found here, the so-called black earth , as the name Judlaukis ( Prussian for black field) indicates. As early as 1590 he wrote to Jutschen. In various documents the place was also referred to as Judlaukis, Jüducze, or Jodszen. From 1615 he was referred to in documents as "Juzchen" and from 1620 the spelling "Judtschen" was established. From the 17th to the 19th century, the various documents predominantly spelled “Judtschen”, “Judschen” and “Jutschen”.
1709-1711 the come from Poland raging plague in East Prussia and caused numerous deaths. Large stretches of land were deserted, especially in "Prussian-Lithuania", including the village of Judtschen. The Prussian king initiated and supported the immigration of Protestants from Western Central Europe. Reformed settlers from French-speaking Switzerland came in particularly large numbers from 1711 , including to Judtschen. The community flourished. In 1713 the “colonist father” Burgrave Alexander von Dohna obtained the decision to appoint a French preacher (David Clarenc) and to build a French Reformed church. This was inaugurated in 1727, and in 1734 a new rectory could be moved into. At the beginning of the 19th century the use of the French language ceased, also in sermons.
The young Immanuel Kant lived in Judtschen from 1747 to 1750 as "Studiosus philosophiae" with Pastor Daniel Ernst Andersch (* 1701 in Lissa, † 1771 in Judtschen) and with the schoolmaster Johann Jacob Challet (* around 1686 in Moudon , Canton Vaud , † 1771) in Judtschen) as private tutor for their sons. Kant was also the godfather of two children from Judtschen. After the building had remained dilapidated for a long time, it was renovated and has been used as the Kant Museum since 2018.
In 1810 a new “preacher's house” was built. In 1848 the church tower was renewed, and in 1851 the nave underwent "major repairs". In 1865 the construction of a new rectory began on the foundations of the previous buildings.
In 1860 the place received a train station on the east railway between Königsberg and Eydtkuhnen , with an arch bridge over the Angerapp. It was of great economic importance for the agricultural Judtschen and its surroundings.
In August 1914, at the beginning of the First World War , Judtschen was also occupied by Russian troops. They deliberately set fires in the church, it burned out. In 1925 the rebuilt church was consecrated; the very slim tower, which was 50 meters high until it was destroyed, was replaced by a squat one. The community erected a war memorial for their fallen and missing soldiers in the style of the time in front of the rectory, with a Prussian eagle soaring on it. New houses were built in the village as part of the reconstruction program for East Prussia.
For political and ideological reasons Judtschen was given the name "Kanthausen" on July 16, 1938. In 1939 the place had 374 inhabitants.
In October 1944, the Red Army advanced temporarily into the region ( Nemmersdorf ) and was thrown back by the Wehrmacht. The residents of Kanthausen were evacuated to the west on October 21st with the Reichsbahn. In January 1945 the occupation by Soviet troops marked the end of the German village of Judtschen / Kanthausen. It was settled with settlers from the Soviet Union , mostly Russians.
In 1947 the place received the Russian name Wessjolowka and was assigned at the same time to the village soviet Krasnopoljanski selski Sowet in Chernyakhovsk Raion . From 2008 to 2015 Vessyolovka belonged to the rural municipality of Svobodnenskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the city district of Chernyakhovsk.
Only about thirty percent of the buildings from the German era have survived from the village. It makes a largely deserted and ruinous impression (2013).
Judtschen / Kanthausen district (1874–1945)
Between 1874 and 1945 Judtschen resp. Kant Hausen office Village and thus its name to an administrative district in the district Gumbinnen in Administrative district Gumbinnen the Prussian province of East Prussia . In the beginning there were 16, in the end only 13 municipalities were included:
| German name | Name (1938-1946) | Russian name | German name | Name (1938-1946) | Russian name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girnehlen | Mill rest | Pospelowo | Lolidimmen | Lolen | Krasnoye | |
| Big mixing | Bolshakovo | Plimball | Mertinshagen | Krasnoye | ||
| Great Wersmeningken | Large pole forest | Zarya | Purwien | Altweiler (East Pr.) | Stepnoje | |
| Large mopping sticks | Ullrichsdorf (East Pr.) | Shuvalovo | Rosenfelde | Novo Shuvalovo | ||
| Judtschen | Kanthausen | Vessyolovka | Schilleningken | Kaimelskrug | Cholmy | |
| Klein Wersmeningken | Kleinstangenwald | Stannen | Obertannen | |||
| Small wiping sticks | Ulrichshof (East Pr.) | Olshanskoye | Stobricken | Krammsdorf | Kostino | |
| Lampseden | Lampshagen | Karavalyevo | Wingeningken | Four hooves |
The rural community of Stannen was incorporated into the rural community of Stobricken before 1908, and the Girnehlen estate followed in 1928. In the same year, the Klein Wischtecken manor district became part of the Groß Wischtecken rural community. In the other rural communities nothing changed until 1945.
Prussian fortified castle
A good kilometer south of the village, on the Schlossberg , is the ring wall of a Prussian fortified castle . It was still well preserved in the 1930s.
Wessjolowka transmitter mast
In 1965, a transmission mast was built in Wessjolowka for the distribution of VHF radio and television programs.
church
In 1713, settlers created a French Reformed community in Judtschen with its own clergy (since 1714). The newly built church was consecrated on April 27, 1727, a rectangular brick building with a wooden tower, which, however, was subject to numerous changes in the subsequent period. Inside, in front of the pulpit wall that covered the east wall, was a simple altar table in keeping with the Reformed tradition .
After the church was completely burned out on August 24, 1914, it was rebuilt by 1925. Until 1945 the Judtschen Church was incorporated into the Reformed Church District of the Church Province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
After 1945 the church was used for agriculture and later as a quarry for pigsty and road construction. In 1985 the last remains were removed. Today Vessjolowka lies in the catchment area of the newly established Evangelical Lutheran congregation of the Salzburg Church in Gussew (Gumbinnen) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
literature
- Rudolf Grenz (editor): Gumbinnen. City and district of Gumbinnen . An East Prussian documentation. Compiled and developed on behalf of the Gumbinnen district community. Marburg / Lahn: 1971
- Herbert Stücklies and Dietrich Goldbeck: Gumbinnen city and country. Photo documentation of an East Prussian district 1900–1982. Selected, compiled and explained on behalf of the Gumbinnen district community from the picture collection of the Gumbinnen district archive. Volume I and II. Bielefeld: 1985
- Bruno Moritz: History of the Reformed Community of Gumbinnen. Festschrift for the 200th anniversary of the church 1739–1939. Reprint from the "Evangelical Volksblatt für die Ostmark" 1939
- Peter Wörster: Kant and Judtschen. In: 25 years of sponsorship Bielefeld - Gumbinnen 1954–1979. Festschrift, published by the Gumbinnen district community. Contributions to the cultural development of eastern East Prussia. o. O. (Bielefeld): o. J. (1979)
- Ernst Machholz, On the history of the evangel. Parishes Judtschen, the evangel. Parish of Goeritten and the French Reformed parish of Gumbinnen, in: Zeitschrift der Altertumsgesellschaft Insterburg, Issue 10, 1907, pp. 28–38.
- Bernhard Haagen, Burgrave Alexander zu Dohna and the Swiss Church in Lithuania. To commemorate the bicentenary of the formation of the Reformed communities in Judtschen and Gumbinnen 1713–1913, Berlin 1913.
- Fritz Schütz, A Contribution to Local History - The Church Support for the Swiss Colony, in: Preußisch-Litauische Zeitung, No. 45, Volume 120, Gumbinnen Sunday, February 22, 1931.
- Bernhard Haagen, In the footsteps of Kant in Judtschen, in: Altpr. Monthly 1911, pp. 382-411 u. 528-556.
- Dierk Loyal: On the history of the French Reformed community of Judtschen (Kanthausen) in East Prussia, which was founded 300 years ago . In: Huguenots , vol. 75, No. 4/2012, pp. 143–176
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ «Музей И.Канта. Дом пастора »в поселке Веселовка откроется для посетителей 21 апреля 2019 года. / Новости. Retrieved June 17, 2020 .
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Judtschen / Kanthausen district
- ^ Directory of prehistoric and early historical fortifications in western Nadrauen, by Hans Crome and W. Grunert , in Zeitschrift der Altertumsgesellschaft Insterburg, Issue 20, 1935, pages 1–11, p. 5 (PDF file)
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
