Gremjachye (Kaliningrad)
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Gremjatschje
Groß Berschkallen (Birken (Ostpr.)) Гремячье
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Gremjatschje ( Russian Гремячье , German United Bersch Kallen , 1938-1945 Birch (East Prussia.) , Lithuanian Beržkalnis ) is a place in the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Tschernjachowsk in chernyakhovsky district .
Geographical location
Gremjatschje is eleven kilometers northwest of the Rajonzentrum Tschernjachowsk (Insterburg) on a side road that runs from Salessje (Mehlauken , 1938-1946 Liebenfelde) on the Russian trunk road A 190 (former German Reichsstrasse 126 ) via Vysokoye (Popelken , 1938-1946 Markthausen) to Dowatorowka (Zwion , also: Leipeningken , 1928–1946 Georgental) and on to Majowka (Georgenburg) . Until 1945, Berschkallen was a train station at the von Kauschen (1938-1946: Horstenau) after Wirbeln (Russian: Schaworonkowo ) of the Insterburger Kleinbahnen .
history
The then Perschkallen was founded before 1614. In 1736 it became Kirchdorf and between 1874 and 1945 it gave its name to the associated administrative district with initially twelve, later only six municipal units. The county was in the district Insterburg in Administrative district Gumbinnen the Prussian province of East Prussia . In 1910 there were 500 inhabitants registered in Groß Berschkallen.
In 1929 the rural community of Grüneberg (Russian: Katschalow) and the forester's house Lindenbusch (both no longer exist) were incorporated into the rural community of Groß Berschkallen. The population was then 551 in 1933 and amounted to - after the incorporation of Snappen (1938–1946: Schnappen, Russian: Rodnikowo) and Klein Berschkallen (1938–1946: small birch, Russian: Kowylnoje, both no longer exist) in 1939 1939 to 732.
From June 3, 1938, Groß Berschkallen was called "Birken (Ostpr.)" For ideological and political reasons. In 1945 the place was assigned to the entire northern East Prussia of the Soviet Union . From 1945 to 1947 the place was called as before "Groß Berschkallen" ( Russian Гросс Бершкаллен ) before it was given the name Gremjatschje , which occurs several times in Russia. At the same time the place became the seat of a village soviet in Chernyakhovsk Rajon . After the dissolution of this village soviet in 1954, Gremyachye became part of the village soviet Mayovsky selski sovet and in 1997 in the village district of Kamenski selski okrug . From 2008 to 2015 the place belonged to the rural municipality Kamenskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the urban district of Chernyakhovsk.
District Berschkallen (Birken) 1874–1945
The district of Berschkallen, which was named "District of Birken" from 1938, originally included eleven rural communities and one manor district:
| Surname | Change of name 1938–1946 |
Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gaidehlen | 1929 incorporated into the rural community of Trumplauken | ||
| Big Berschkallen | Birches (east Pr.) | Gremjachye | |
| Grueneberg | Katschalowo | 1929 incorporated into the rural community of Groß Berschkallen | |
| Stealing | Timberquell | Antropovo | |
| Small Berschkallen | Small birch trees | Kowylnoe | 1939 incorporated into the municipality of Birken |
| Lepaloths | Lopatino | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Myrtenhof | |
| Löblauken | Lopatino | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Myrtenhof | |
| Myrtle Court | Krylovo | 1928 converted from the manor into a rural community | |
| Paskirsnen | Kirsnen | Volgino | |
| Snap | Snap | Rodnikowo | 1939 incorporated into the municipality of Birken |
| Thieslauken | Tiesfelde | Krylovo | |
| Trumplauken | Trumplau | Prokofiev |
On January 1, 1945, only six municipalities formed the Birken district: Birken, Kirsnen, Myrtenhof, Tiesfelde, Timberquell and Trumplau.
Gremjatschski selski Sowet 1947–1954
The village soviet Gremjatschski selski Sowet (ru. Гремячский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947. It belonged to (presumably) 23 villages that (apparently) ended up in the newly formed Mayovsky selski Sowet when this village soviet was dissolved in June 1954 .
Berschkallen Church (Birken)
Church building
Of the church, which was used as a Protestant house of worship until 1945 , there is only a ruin, expanded by an unsightly shed, in a lonely place, subject to various external uses. Originally it was a simple rectangular building made of field stones, in front of which a massive tower was erected in 1878. At the beginning of the 1890s, the construction of a new nave began, which could be completed in 1892.
Parish
The establishment of a parish in Groß Berschkallen took place in 1736, initially as a branch parish of the Saalau church . In 1756 a separate pastorate was established. By 1925, the community had grown to 4,150 members. With its extensive parish , it was incorporated into the church district Insterburg in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Today Gremjatschje lies in the catchment area of the newly established Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Chernyachovsk (Insterburg) in the 1990s . The city is now the parish seat of the Chernyakhovsk church region within the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
Parish locations (until 1945)
Before 1945, the parish of Berschkallen (Birken) included 26 places, towns and places of residence (* = school locations) in addition to the parish village:
| Surname | Change of name (1938–1946) |
Russian name | Surname | Change of name (1938–1946) |
Russian name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alishks | Forest village | Karpovo | * New laser stretching | Neuwalde | Pechjorskoye | |
| Crank | Kosmodemyanowo | Padrojen | Drojental | Gornostayevo | ||
| Daupelken | Seitenbach | Kazantsevo | Paskirsnen | Kirsnen | Volgino | |
| Gaidehlen | * Patimbri | Birkenhorst (East Pr.) | ||||
| Graewenswalde | Glasunovo | * Pessaries | ||||
| Great laser stretching | Streusiedel | * Pusberschall | Suppress | Shchedrino | ||
| Big chunk | Ostrogorki | Back down | Krasnoye | |||
| Grueneberg | Katschalowo | Snap | Snap | Rodnikowo | ||
| Stealing | Timberquell | Antropovo | * Languages | Malinovka | ||
| Lepaloths | Lopatino | * Thieslauken | Tiesfelde | Krylovo | ||
| Linden bush | Triacs | Trick | Katschalowo | |||
| Löblauken | Lopatino | Trumplauken | Trumplau | Prokofiev | ||
| Myrtle Court | Krylovo | Wanniglauken | Falkenreut |
Pastor (until 1945)
At the church of Berschkallen (Birken) officiated from the establishment of the parish from 1756 to 1945 as Protestant pastors:
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Church records
The church records of Berschkallen (Birken), which survived the war, are kept in the Leipzig State Archives :
- Baptisms: 1756-1843, 1851-1857, and 1860
- Weddings: 1757 to 1839, 1851 to 1860
- Burials: 1799 to 1825, 1833 to 1839, 1849 to 1860
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ D. Lange, georgraphsiches Ortregister Ostpreußen (2005): Birken
- ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Berschkallen / Birken district
- ↑ Uli Schubert, community directory, Insterburg district
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Insterburg (Russian Chernyachovsk). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets , Cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ^ Walther Hubatsch , History of the Evangelical Church in East Prussia , Volume II: Pictures of East Prussian Churches , Göttingen, 1968, page 101
- ↑ Photo of the Berschkallen church ruins (Birken) from 2011
- ↑ Кирха Гросс Бершкаллена Pictures of the church Groß Berschkallen (Birken) from 2012
- ↑ a b Walther Hubatsch, History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia , Volume III: Documents , Göttingen, 1968, page 481
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Evangelical Pastors' Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945 , Hamburg, 1968, page 22
