Reichstag election 1878
The Reichstag election in 1878 was the election for the 4th German Reichstag. It took place on July 30, 1878. Because of the circumstances, it is also known as the Assassination Election.
The turnout was around 63.4% (other source: 63.1%) and thus slightly higher than in the Reichstag election in 1877 .
After a failed assassination attempt by the worker Max Hödel on Kaiser Wilhelm I on May 11, 1878, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck called for a ban on the Social Democrats . The majority of liberal Reichstag had this for constitutional rejected considerations. A second assassination attempt, carried out by Karl Eduard Nobiling on June 2, 1878, in which the emperor was injured, led to further agitation among the population and pressure on the moderate forces. As a result, the Reichstag was dissolved on June 11th by the Bundesrat and Kaiser - at Bismarck's request - in accordance with Article 24 of the Imperial Constitution . National liberals in particular now turned to the camp of those who wanted to fight the socialists legally and with the police.
The election campaign was conducted over the socialist law, which was mainly demanded by conservative forces around Bismarck . With the Berlin Congress , which ended two weeks before the election, Bismarck was able to increase his reputation.
The election was clearly won by the Conservatives. The losers, on the other hand, were the liberals. The Social Democrats also lost seats.
The fourth Reichstag approved the Socialist Law on October 19, 1878 with 221 votes to 149. The Conservatives and National Liberals voted in favor, but above all the Center , the German Progressive Party and the Social Democrats themselves, although they were allowed to continue to exercise their mandates.
An important setting in the legislative period was the introduction of protective tariffs , which was decided in July 1879 with the votes of the conservatives and the center . The National Liberal Party was deeply divided on the question and voted inconsistently; both left and right wing representatives left the party. The latter later formed the Liberal Association with other Liberals . The liberal-minded Prussian ministers Adalbert Falk (July 14, 1879), Karl Rudolf Friedenthal (July 12, 1879) and Arthur Johnson Hobrecht resigned. The bitter resistance of the weakened “ left-wing liberals ”, i. H. Manchester liberal parties with the spokesman Eugen Richter were ultimately in vain, the vote ended with 217 to 117 votes. The introduction was demanded primarily by the lobby group Central Association of German Industrialists , which had joined forces with the agricultural interest groups - they ruled the conservative parties - to form the "alliance of rye and iron" and also intervened in election campaigns.
Result
| Political Direction | Parties | Votes | Sit in the Reichstag | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in millions | proportion of | compared to 1877 | absolutely | proportion of | compared to 1877 | ||||
| conservative | German Conservative Party (DKP) | 0.749 | 13.0% | + 3.3% | 59 | 14.9% | +19 | ||
| German Reich Party (DRP) | 0.786 | 13.6% | + 5.7% | 57 | 14.4% | +19 | |||
| liberal | Right- | National Liberal Party (NLP) | 1.331 | 23.1% | −4.1% | 99 | 24.9% | −29 | |
| Independent liberals | 0.156 | 2.7% | + 0.2% | 10 | 2.5% | −3 | |||
| Left- | German Progressive Party (DFP) | 0.385 | 6.7% | −1.0% | 26th | 6.6% | −9 | ||
| German People's Party (DtVP) | 0.066 | 1.1% | + 0.3% | 3 | 0.8% | −1 | |||
| Catholics | Center Party | 1.328 | 23.1% | −1.7% | 94 | 23.7% | +1 | ||
| Socialists | Social Democrats (SAP) | 0.437 | 7.6% | −1.5% | 9 | 2.3% | −3 | ||
|
Regional parties , minorities |
German-Hanoverian Party (DHP) | 0.100 | 1.7% | + 0.1% | 10 | 2.5% | +6 | ||
| Poland | 0.210 | 3.6% | −0.4% | 14th | 3.5% | ± 0 | |||
| Danes | 0.018 | 0.3% | −0.1% | 1 | 0.3% | ± 0 | |||
| Alsace-Lorraine | 0.179 | 3.1% | −0.6% | 15th | 3.8% | ± 0 | |||
| Others | 0.015 | 0.3% | −0.1% | - | - | ± 0 | |||
| total | 5.761 | 100% | 397 | 100% | |||||
Elected MPs by constituency
In each of the 397 constituencies , a member was elected by absolute majority voting. If no candidate achieved an absolute majority in the first ballot, a runoff election was held between the two best-placed candidates. The following tables show the constituency winners and their party status as stated in the official final result.
Prussia
Bavaria
Saxony
Württemberg
to bathe
| Grand Duchy of Baden | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Constance , Überlingen , Stockach | Franz Xaver Heilig | NLP | |
| 2 | Donaueschingen , Villingen | Robert Gerwig | NLP | |
| 3 | Waldshut , Säckingen , Neustadt in the Black Forest | Ernst Friedrich Krafft | NLP | |
| 4th | Loerrach , Muellheim | Markus Pflüger | NLP | |
| 5 | Freiburg , Emmendingen | Otto Waenker from Dankenschweil | center | |
| 6th | Lahr , Wolfach | Karl Heinrich Dreyer | NLP | |
| 7th | Offenburg , Kehl | Carl Baer | NLP | |
| 8th | Rastatt , Bühl , Baden-Baden | Franz Xaver Lender | center | |
| 9 | Pforzheim , Ettlingen | Casimir Rudolf Katz | DKP | |
| 10 | Karlsruhe , Bruchsal | Adolf von Marshal | DKP | |
| 11 | Mannheim | Wilhelm Kopfer | DtVP | |
| 12 | Heidelberg , Mosbach | Wilhelm Blum | NLP | |
| 13 | Bretten , Sinsheim | Friedrich Kiefer | NLP | |
| 14th | Tauberbischofsheim , Buchen | Franz von und zu Bodman | center | |
Hesse
| Grand Duchy of Hesse | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giessen , Grünberg , Nidda | Adalbert Nordeck to Rabenau | DRP | |
| 2 | Friedberg , Büdingen , Vilbel | Bernhard Schroeder | NLP | |
| 3 | Lauterbach , Alsfeld , Schotten | Karl von Gareis | NLP | |
| 4th | Darmstadt , Gross-Gerau | Wilhelm Büchner | DFP | |
| 5 | Offenbach , Dieburg | Friedrich Dernburg | NLP | |
| 6th | Erbach , Bensheim , Lindenfels , Neustadt im Odenwald | Georg Martin | NLP | |
| 7th | Worms , Heppenheim , Wimpfen | Joseph Gorizia | NLP | |
| 8th | Bingen , Alzey | Ludwig Bamberger | NLP | |
| 9 | Mainz , Oppenheim | Christoph Moufang | center | |
Small states
Alsace-Lorraine
| Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Altkirch , Thann | Landolin Winterer | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 2 | Mulhouse | Johann Dollfus | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 3 | Kolmar | Charles degree | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 4th | Gebweiler | Joseph Guerber | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 5 | Rappoltsweiler | Jacob Ignatius Simonis | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 6th | Schlettstadt | Louis Heckmann-Stintzy | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 7th | Molsheim , Erstein | Achille rack | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 8th | Strasbourg city | Jacques Kablé | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 9 | Strasbourg country | Jean North | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 10 | Hagenau , Weissenburg | Alfred Schmitt-Batiston | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 11 | Babble | Carl August Snow Goose | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 12 | Saargemünd , Forbach | Eduard Jaunez | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 13 | Bolchen , Diedenhofen | Eugène Lorette | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 14th | Metz | Paul Bezanson | Els.-Lothringer | |
| 15th | Saarburg , Chateau-Salins | Charles Germain | Els.-Lothringer | |
The parliamentary groups of the 4th Reichstag
In the 4th Reichstag, several members of the parliament did not join the faction of their actual party and some remained non-attached. The DHP MPs joined the center group. At the beginning of the legislative period, the parliamentary groups had the following strengths:
| center | 103 |
| National Liberals | 97 |
| German Conservatives | 59 |
| Free Conservatives | 56 |
| Progress party | 26th |
| Poland | 14th |
| Social democrats | 9 |
| Non-attached | 33 |
In the further course of the legislative period, the strength of the individual parliamentary groups changed several times due to by-elections and changes in parliamentary groups.
See also
Web links
- Statistical Yearbook of the German Reich (PDF; 161 kB)
- Elections in Germany until 1918 , there:
- German history in documents and pictures , there:
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Imperial Statistical Office (Ed.): Monthly booklets for statistics of the German Empire, year 1879, issue 6 . Berlin 1879.
- ^ German Parliament Almanac 1878. (PDF) Munich Digitization Center, accessed on November 20, 2009 .
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