District Neustadt OS

This article explains the historic district of Neustadt in Upper Silesia, for other districts of the same name, see the district of Neustadt .

Neustadt district on a map from 1905

The district of Neustadt OS (OS = Upper Silesia) was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia . It existed from 1743 to 1945. Its area corresponds roughly to today's powiat Prudnicki in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

In the principality of Opole , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, Prussian circles were formed from the old Silesian soft images , including the Falkenberg district. Erdmann Carl Gustav von Rödern was appointed as the first district administrator in the Neustadt district. The circle Neustadt initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the district borders were changed as follows:

• The villages of Berndau, Damasko, Gläsen, Kasimir, Schönau, Steubendorf and Thomnitz moved from the Neustadt district to the Leobschütz district .
• The villages of Oberwitz and Roswadze moved from the Neustadt district to the Groß Strehlitz district .
• The villages of Dobersdorf and Malckwitz moved from the Opole district to the Neustadt district.

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire .

Free State of Prussia / German Empire

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole . In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 88.2% of the voters in the Neustadt district voted to remain with Germany and 11.8% for a cession to Poland.

On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Neustadt OS district in line with the development in the rest of Prussia , in which all 64 manor districts were dissolved except for the Schelitz forest estate and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On January 1, 1939, the Neustadt OS district was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation .

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . As a result, the influx of Polish migrants began in the district, some from areas east of the Curzon Line . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	52.110
1819	44,852
1846	73,421
1871	86,315
1885	95,456
1900	98,324
1910	97,537
1925	95,370
1939	95,815

In the 1910 census, 53% of the residents of the Neustadt district described themselves as German-speaking and 45% as Polish -speaking . In the 1939 census, 93% of the population were Catholic and 7% Protestant .

District administrators

The following persons acted as district administrator:

1743–1745 00Erdmann Carl Gustav von Rödern 1746–1750 00Heinrich Gottfried von Näfe 1750–1753 00Franz von Görtz 1753–1758 00Johann Friedrich von Schneckenhaus 1759– 000000Carl Gottfried von Schwemler 1765–1769 00George Peter von Twardowsky 1769–1787 00George David Wenzel von Tschepe and Weidenbach 1787–1813 00Theodor Carl Elstermann von Elster 1813–1819 00Josef von Gruttschreiber 1819–1830 00Ernst von Dungern 1830–1842 00Hans von Seherr-Thoß 1842–1843 Oswald Sack (* 1809)00

1843–1849 00Carl von Wittenburg 1849–1872 00Adolph Ferdinand Berlin 1872–1886 Rudolf von Wittenburg (1842–1911)00 1887–1892 Franz Hubert von Tiele-Winckler (1857–1922)00 1892–1907 Stephan von Sydow (1857–1919)00 1907–1920 Hermann von Choltitz (1868–1947)00 1920–1922 Bernhard Danckelmann (1886–1947) (by order )00 1922–1933 00Robert Pachur 1933–1937 00Günther Schwantes 1937–1943 00Conrad Listemann 1943–1945 00Scholz ( substitute )

Local constitution

The Neustadt OS district has been divided into the towns of Neustadt OS, Oberglogau and Zülz, rural communities and manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The Neustadt district comprised three cities and 97 rural communities in 1936:

Eight hats Old Kuttendorf Old town Altzülz Blaschewitz Bresnitz Brochure Buchelsdorf German Müllmen German Probnitz German Rasselwitz Dirschelwitz Dittersdorf Dittmannsdorf Dobersdorf Dobrau Eichhäusel-Neudeck Ellguth Ellsnig Ernestinenberg Friedersdorf Froebel Possible Grabine Graflich Wiese

Grocholub Great Pramsen Haselvorwerk Jassen Josefsgrund Kerpen Klein Pramsen Klein Strehlitz Kohlsdorf Komornik Koernitz Kramelau Kreiwitz Krobusch Kröschendorf Kujau Kunzendorf Langenbrück Lasswitz Legelsdorf Leschnig Leuber Lobkowitz Lonschnik Mochau

Mokrau Mosques Mühlsdorf New Kuttendorf Neudorf Neuhof Neustadt OS , city Oberglogau , city Olbersdorf OS Ottok Pietna Pogosch Garbage men Probnitz Psychod Radstein Rasselwitz Repsch Riegersdorf Ringwitz Rosenberg Rosnochau Schartowitz Schelitz Schiegau

Schlogwitz Schmitsch Schnellwalde Schönowitz Schreibersdorf blackness Schweinsdorf Sister joke Sedschütz Seven-stroke Simsdorf Steinau OS Stiebendorf Stöblau Twardawa Wackenau Rollers Waschelwitz Wild ground Wilkau Zabierzau Zeiselwitz Cellin Zowade Zülz , city

The municipality-free estate district of Forst Schedlitz also belonged to the district.

Incorporation until 1939

• Achthuben, on April 1st, 1939 in Schnellewalde
• Old town, on April 1, 1938 in Zülz
• Brese (Bresnitz), on April 1, 1939 to Ernestinenberg
• Hinterdorf, on August 1, 1904 in Oberglogau
• Jarschowitz, on January 1, 1929 in Stiebendorf
• Kujau, to Zellin on April 1, 1939
• Upper Glogau Castle, on August 1st, 1904 in Oberglogau
• Schönowitz, on April 1, 1938 in Zülz
• Siebenhuben, on April 1, 1939 in Riegersdorf
• Weingasse, on August 1, 1904 in Oberglogau

Place names

In the four rural communities Polish Müllmen , Polish Olbersdorf , Polish Rasselwitz and Polish Probnitz , the part of the name "Polish" was omitted in 1926. In 1936, numerous municipalities in the Neustadt district were renamed:

Blaschewitz → Niederblasien Bresnitz → Brese Broschuetz → Schobersfelde German Probnitz → Kranzdorf Dobrau → Burgwasser Grabine → Gershain Grocholub → Erbersdorf Komornik → Kammersfeld Krobusch → crow bush Laßwitz → Hohenschanz Leschnig → Hegerswalde Lobkowitz → Jägershausen Lonschnik → Wiesengrund Mokrau → Nassau Müllmen → Niederrode

Ottok → Auenwalde Pietna → pond bottom Pogosch → Brandewalde Probnitz → rehearsals Psychod → ​​Waldfurt Rasselwitz → Roßtal Rosnochau → Roßweide Schartowitz → Fichtenwalde Schlogwitz → Schlagenhof Schmitsch → Loess valley Twardawa → Hartenau Waschelwitz → Tiefengrund Wilkau → Willenau Zabierzau → Hinterwalde Zowade → Lichten

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 1036–1120 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 182-183, item 14.
• Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 87 ff.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 382–391
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Neustadt OS  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
8. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 92 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
10. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
11. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
12. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. neustadt_os.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
14. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)
15. ↑ Landräte des Kreis Neustadt / OS 1742–1945 ( Memento of the original from April 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
16. ^ ^{A b} District Neustadt OS administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.