District of Guhrau

The district of Guhrau within the boundaries from 1818 to 1932

The district of Guhrau was a Prussian district in Silesia and existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Guhrau . The former district area is now in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Glogau , Prussian districts were formed from the six existing old Silesian soft images Freystadt, Glogau, Grünberg, Guhrau, Schwiebus and Sprottau, including the district of Guhrau. The district was originally subordinate to the Glogau War and Domain Chamber or, from 18xx, the Liegnitz government , but was added to the Breslau administrative district of the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 .

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the district of Breslau, the district of Guhrau received the city of Herrnstadt and the villages of Austen, Bartschdorf, Bobiele, Brenowitz, Bronau, Buschen, Corangelwitz, Duchen, Geischen, Gewehrsewitz, Globitschen, Gohle, Gorkau, Groß Räudchen, Groß Saul, Groß Wiersewitz, Heidchen, Herrndorf, Herrnlauersitz, Hochbeltsch, Irrsingen, Kaltvorwerg, Klein Beltsch, Kleinlauersitz, Klein Saul, Klein Räudchen, Klein Wiersewitz, Königsbruch, Königsdorf, Lübchen, Oderbeltsch, Porlewitz, Rützen Stadt, Saborwitz, Sackern including Zapplauerling , Sandeborske and Wehrse, Sandewalde, Schätz, Ober, Mittel u. Nieder Schlaupe, Schubersee, Schwinaren, Sophienthal, Stadtherrnstadt, Stadtvorwerk, Triebusch, Tscheschenheyde, Tscheschkowitz, Tschistey, Waldvorwerk, Wendstadt, Wikoline, Wilhelmsbruch, Woidnig, Zechen, Züchen from the Wohlau district . The district of Guhrau in turn gave the town of Köben and the villages of Brödelwitz, Guhren, Köben Dorf, Läskau, Mühlgast, Nutrschütz, Radschütz and Ristitz to the Steinau district and the villages of Alt Herdau, Ibsdorf, Neu Heydau, Neu Vorwerk, Rauschen, Schleswig Vorwerk, Schmögerle and Wischütz to the district of Wohlau.

Gut Lübchen around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . When the Versailles Treaty came into force on January 10, 1920, the rural communities of Gabel, Katschkau, Roniken and Triebusch as well as the manor districts of Gabel, Roniken and Triebusch from the Guhrau district fell to Poland .

On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the district of Guhrau as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1932, the district area was enlarged through the reclassification of the rural communities Akreschfronze, Alt Neu Heidau, Dahsau, Gimmel, Groß Tschuder, Hengwitz, Hünern, Kadlewe, Kamin, Klein Peterwitz, Klein Tschuder, Kutscheborwitz, Lendschütz, Leubel, Neuvorwerk, Osselwitz, Ostrawe, Peiskern, Pluskau, Schmögerle, Tscheschen, Tschilesen and Wehlefronze from the district of Wohlau to the district of Guhrau.

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the district of Guhrau was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In January – February 1945 the residents gathered and fled in treks from the advancing Red Army and the fighting to the west. In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . In the following period, the returned German population was out of the circle area sold .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	21,387
1819	31,999
1846	37,971
1871	36,694
1885	36,955
1900	33,426
1910	33,775
1925	34,818
1939	39,028

District administrators

• 1742– 000000Johann von Stentsch
• 1747 0000000George Abraham von Lestwitz
• 1748–1751 00August Constantin von Schlichting
• 1750–1753 00Friedrich Rudolph von Tschammer
• 1753–1777 00George Ludwig von Haugwitz
• 1777–1782 00Friedrich von Dyhrn
• 1782–1806 Carl Ludwig Ewald von Massow (1748–1808)00
• 1815-1835 00Hans von Carmer
• 1835–1855 00Ernst von Köckritz
• 1855-1892 Eugen von Goßler (1823-1892)00
• 1893–1920 00Kurt von Ravenstein
• 1920–1927 00Curt Hoffmann
• 1927–1930 00Hermann Neumann
• 1930–1932 Ernst von Windheim (1891–1946) ( substitute )00
• 1932–1933 Adolf von Thielmann (1879–1948)00
• 1933–1943 00Friedrich Stucke
• 1943–1945 Wilhelm Eckmann (1897–1945)00

Local constitution

Since the 19th century, the district of Guhrau has been divided into the cities of Guhrau, Herrnstadt and Tschirnau, into rural communities and into manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; As in 1881, the district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The district of Guhrau last comprised three cities and 107 rural communities:

Akreschfronze Old Guhrau Old New Heidau Austen to bake Bartschdorf Bobile Braunau Bronau Dahsau Duchen Ellguth Friedrichsau Galle Gaisbach Geischen Gimmel Little Globitschen Big Kloden Big miniature Great Saul Big Tschuder Gross Wiersewitz Guhlau Guhrau, city Gurkau Heinzebortschen

Heinzendorf Herrndorf Herrnlauersitz Herrnstadt, city Hochbeltsch Hünern Crazy singing Jästersheim Juppendorf Kadlewe Kahrau Kainzen Kaltebortschen stack Kittlau Little Kloden Klein Peterwitz Little rabbit Little Saul Little Tschuder Klein Wiersewitz Kings break Königsdorf Konradswaldau Korangel joke Kraschen Kutscheborwitz Langenau

Lanken Lendschütz Leubel Logical Luebchen Mechau Nourished Nechlau Neudorf Neuguth Neuvorwerk Lower Tschirnau Upper Tschirnau Oderbeltsch Osselwitz east Ostrawe Peiskern Plus chew Reichen-Birkendorf Rützen Saborwitz Sallschütz Sandeborske Schabenau Guess Schlabitz Schlaube

Schmoegerle Schüttlau Schwinaren Seiffersdorf Seitsch Sophienthal Sulkau Tarps Tscheschen Chezhkovitz Chileans Tschirnau, city Tschistey Tschwirtschen Waldvorwerk Wehlefronze Weirs Wendstadt Weschkau Wikoline Wilhelmsbruch Woofy Zapplau Mining Zippers Breeding

The following municipalities lost their independence by 1929:

Bienowitz, in Tscheschkowitz on September 30, 1928 Birkendorf, on September 30, 1928 in Reichen-Birkendorf Graben, on September 30, 1928 at Sallschütz Great East, on September 30, 1928 to the East Heidchen, on October 1st, 1929 to Schwinaren Hengwitz, April 1, 1939 at Pluskau Kahlau, on September 30, 1928 at Gleinig Klein Beltsch, on September 30, 1928 in Gurkau Klein Lauersitz, on November 1st, 1928 to Zuchten Klein Osten-Kittlau, on September 30, 1928 in Kittlau Mittel Friedrichswaldau, on October 1, 1929 in Kainzen Nieder Ellguth, on September 30, 1928 in Ellguth

Nieder Friedrichswaldau, on October 1, 1929 in Guhrau Nieder Schüttlau, on September 30, 1928 in Schüttlau Ober Ellguth, on September 30, 1928 at Ellguth Ober Friedrichswaldau, on October 1, 1929 in Guhrau Ober Schüttlau, on September 30, 1928 in Schüttlau Porlewitz, on October 1, 1929 in Saborwitz Reichen, on September 30, 1928 in Reichen-Birkendorf Sackerau, on September 30, 1928 in Zapplau City suburb of Herrnstadt, on October 15, 1912, to the city of Herrnstadt Stroppen, on November 1, 1928 in Seiffersdorf Tscheschenheide, in Sophienthal on September 30, 1928 Tschiläsen, on October 1, 1929 in Schlabitz

Place names

In 1936 and 1937 several parishes were renamed:

Akreschfronze → Akrau Bobile → Wandelheim Groß Tschuder → Steinbrück (Silesia) Heinzebortschen → Nordingen Kadlewe → Fallbach, Kaltebortschen → Grandingen Klein Tschuder → All Help Kutscheborwitz → Birkenhöhe Nieder Tschirnau → Nieder Lesten Ober Tschirnau → Ober Lesten Ostrawe → Wallheim

Saborwitz → Waffendorf Sandeborske → Quelldorf Schwinaren → Altring Tscheschen → Finkenheide Tscheschkowitz → Eichenhag Tschilesen → Gepidau Tschirnau → Lesten Tschistey → Sandewalde Tschwirtschen → Hortingen Wehlefronze → Waldhagen Woidnig → Waldfriedeck

Personalities

• Konrad Tag (1903–1954), glass artist and engraver

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 188-189, item 2.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 48–57 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
• Lucia Brauburger (author) and Hanns Tschira (illustrator): Farewell to Lübchen: Pictures of an Escape from Silesia (hardcover).
• Jürgen W. Schmidt: The district administrators of the district of Guhrau (1854-1945) . In: Schlesische Geschichtsblätter , Vol. 42 (2015), Heft 1, pp. 1–25 (Part 1), and Heft 2, pp. 45–73 (Part 2).

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Guhrau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Description of the district of Guhrau from 1792

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th Century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Rolf Straubel : Biographical handbook of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
8. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 257 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
10. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
11. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 86 ( digitized version ).
12. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
13. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
14. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
15. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
16. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. guhrau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).