Tost-Gleiwitz district

Tost-Gleiwitz district, 1905

Map of the district, 1929

The district of Tost-Gleiwitz was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia , which existed from 1743 to 1945. The largest city was initially the city of Gliwice , which had formed its own urban district since 1897 . The former district area is now part of the Polish Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

In the Principality of Opole , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, Prussian circles were formed from the old Silesian soft images , including the Tost district . Franz Wolfgang von Stechow was appointed as the first district administrator in the Tost district. The group initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned. During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the boundaries of the district were changed:

• The town of Ujest and the villages of Alt Ujest , Jarischau , Kaltwasser , Klutschau and Niesdrowitz moved from the Tost district to the Groß Strehlitz district .
• The villages of Alt Cosel , Birawa , Brzezetz , Goschütz , Kandrzin , Klein Althammer , Lenartowitz, Libischau , Lichinia , Medar and Blechhammer, Miesce, Ortowitz , Pogorzeletz, Sackenhoym and Slawentzitz moved from the Tost district to the Cosel district .
• The area of Broslawitz , the villages of Groß Wilkowitz , Grzibowitz, Kempczowitz, Konary, Niedar, Nierada, Wieschowa and the colonies of Georgendorf, Glinitz, Larischhof , Marienau and Philippsdorf moved from the district of Tost to the district of Beuthen .
• The villages of Knurow , Kriewald, Nieborowitz, Nieborowitzer Hammer, Niederdorf, Ober Wilcza , Pilchowitz , Sczyglowitz, Ungerschütz and Wielepole-Pilchowitz moved from the Tost district to the newly formed Rybnik district .

The district office was on Gut Kamienietz from 1841 to 1869, later in the city of Gleiwitz. Since the 1820s, the name Tost-Gleiwitz prevailed for the district.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district has belonged to the North German Confederation and since January 1, 1871 to the German Empire. On April 1, 1897, the city of Gleiwitz, including the previously incorporated rural communities of Trynnek and Petersdorf, separated from the Tost-Gleiwitz district and formed one from then on own urban district.

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed as the administrative district of Opole .

Although a majority of 27,198 (57.5%) to 20,098 (42.5%) votes on 20 March 1921 under the Treaty of Versailles performed Upper Silesia plebiscite voted for connection to Poland, the district Tost-Gleiwitz remained almost completely at the German Reich. Only the three rural communities of Gieraltowitz , Mikoleska and Preiswitz fell to Poland.

On January 1, 1927, there were further changes to the district boundary:

• The rural communities Ellguth-Zabrze , Richtersdorf and Zernik were incorporated into Gleiwitz.
• The rural communities and manor districts Nieborowitz, Nieborowitzer Hammer, Niederdorf, Pilchowitz and Wielepole-Pilchowitz moved from the disbanded Rybnik district to the Tost-Gleiwitz district.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform came into force in the Tost-Gleiwitz district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Tost-Gleiwitz district was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation .

After the annexation of Polish territories on October 26, 1939, the district of Tost-Gleiwitz was reclassified into the new administrative district of Katowice . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district area, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

The district became the powiat Gliwicki . Its boundaries were maintained until its dissolution in 1975. The current district area can therefore no longer be compared with the old one. Parts of the former Rybnik district were incorporated into the new district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	44,701
1819	33,565
1846	64,655
1871	84,329
1885	95,654
1900	73,944
1910	80,515
1925	78,516
1939	94,407

In the 1910 census, 76% of the residents of the Tost-Gleiwitz district described themselves as purely Polish -speaking and 20% as purely German-speaking . 97% of the population were Catholic in 1910 and 2% Protestant .

District administrators

1743–1747 00Franz Wolfgang von Stechow

1747–1758 00Carl Friedrich von Bludowsky

1759–1787 00Ernst Silvius von Sack

0000–1806 00Gustav von Larisch

0000–1823 00Johann Rudolf von Zawadsky

1823–1832 00Max von Brettin

1832–1835 00by Jarotzky ( provisional )

1835–1841 00by Gröling

1841 0000000Sack ( acting )

1841–1850 00Carl von Strachwitz

1850 0000000by Welczek ( provisional )

1850 0000000from Gronefeld ( provisional )

1850–1870 00from Strachwitz

1870–1884 Arthur von Strachwitz (1833–1895)00

1885-1891 Friedrich von Moltke00

1891–1905 Paul von Schroeter (1859–1907)00

1905–1922 00Gustav von Stumpfeld

1922–1933 00Kurt Harbig

1933–1934 Hans Graf von Matuschka (1885–1968) ( acting )00

1934–1945 00Erich Heidtmann (* 1880)

Local constitution

The Tost-Gleiwitz district was divided into the cities of Gleiwitz (until 1897), Kieferstädtel , Peiskretscham and Tost , in rural communities and in manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Administrative structure

Districts

Around 1928 the district was divided into the districts of Althammer, Bitschin, Brynnek, Kamienietz, Groß Kottulin, Laband, Langendorf, Lubie, Ostroppa, Pilchowitz, Plawniowitz, Rudzinitz, Schakanau, Schieroth, Kieferstädtel Castle, Tost Castle, Schönwald, Schwieben and Tworog.

Communities

In 1929 the Tost-Gleiwitz district comprised three cities and 92 rural communities:

Old Gliwice Old hammer Bitschin Blaschowitz Boguschuetz Boitschow Boniowitz Brynnek Brzezinka Chechlau Chorinskowitz Ciochowitz German Zernitz Dombrowka Ellguth-Groling Ellguth-Tost Giegowitz Great Kottulin Great Patschin Groß Schierakowitz Hanussek Jaschkowitz Chasing Kamienietz

Karchowitz Kieferstädtel , city Kieleschka Little Kottulin Little Pachin Klein Pluschnitz Klein Schierakowitz Klein Wilkowitz Klüschau Koppinitz Koslow Kottenlust Kottlischowitz Laband Langendorf Laskarzowka Lacha Leboschowitz Lohnia Lona-Lany Lubek Lubie Nieborowitz Nieborowitz Hammer

Niekarm Never Ostroppa Ottmuchow Pavlovitz Peiskretscham , city Pilchowitz Pissarzowitz Plawniowitz Pniow Pohlom Ponischowitz Potempa Preschlebie Proboschowitz Quarghammer Rachowitz Radun, village Radun, colony Retzitz Rudnau Rudzinitz Sacharsowitz Sarnau

Schakanau Schalscha Sharkov Schechowitz Schieroth Schönwald Floating Schwientoschowitz Schwinowitz Sersno Skaal Slupsko Smolnitz Urban Lonczek Tattoo show Tost , city Tworog Wischnitz Woiska Wydow Xiondslas Zawada Ziemientzitz

Incorporation until 1939

Adelenhof (Koppinitz) , on April 1, 1939 in Hohenlieben Ellguth-Zabrze , on January 1, 1927 in Gleiwitz Groß Schierakowitz , on January 1, 1931 in Schierakowitz Klein Schierakowitz , on January 1, 1931 in Schierakowitz Koslow I and II, before 1908 to Koslow Koslow III, before 1908 to Koslow Neudorf-Tworog , to Tworog on September 30, 1928 Niederdorf, to Pilchowitz on October 1, 1930 Niepaschütz, in Laband on October 17, 1928 Oratsche , to Tost on April 1, 1926 Ottmuchow, to Potemba on January 1, 1931 Petersdorf , on April 1, 1897 in Gleiwitz

Pohlsdorf, on October 17, 1928 in Kieferstädtel Richtersdorf , on January 1, 1927 in Gleiwitz Rodlingen, on April 1, 1938 in Rodenau Sabinka, before 1900 in Schieroth Schmiedingen, on April 1, 1939 in Kieferstädtel Trynnek , at Gleiwitz on April 1, 1897 Waldenau (Pschyschowka), to Laband on October 17, 1928 Wessolla, before 1900 at Kottenlust Wieselheim (Laskarzowka), on April 1, 1939 in Braunbach Zdzierdz, before 1908 in Retzitz Zedlitz, on August 1, 1924 at Ostroppa Zernik , on January 1, 1927 in Gleiwitz

Estates

The following manor districts existed in the Tost-Gleiwitz district until 1928:

Old hammer Bitschin Blaschowitz Boniowitz Boitschow Brynnek-Siemianowitz Brzezinka Chechlau Ciochowitz Dombrowka Ellguth from Groling Ellguth-Tost Old Gliwice Hanussek Jaschkowitz Chasing Kamienietz Karchowitz Kieferstädtel Castle Klüschau Koppenfeld Koppinitz

Kottenlust Kottlischowitz Great Kottulin Koslow Laband Langendorf Laskarzowka Lacha Leboschowitz Lona-Lany Lohnia Lubek Nieder-Lubie Upper Lubie Nieborowitz Hammer Nieborowitz Niekarm Niepaschütz Niewische Great Patschin Little Pachin Pavlovitz

Pissarzowitz Plawniowitz Pilchowitz Klein Pluschnitz Pniow Pohlom Pohlsdorf Ponischowitz Potempa Preschlebie Proboschowitz Rachowitz Radun Retzitz Rudnau Rudzinitz Sacharsowitz Sarnau Schakanau Schalscha Sharkov Schechowitz

Groß Schierakowitz Klein Schierakowitz Schieroth Floating Schwienowitz Nieder-Sersno Upper Sersno Skaal Slupsko Smolnitz Tati show Tost Castle Tworog Waldenau Klein Wilkowitz Wischnitz Wielepole-Pilchowitz Wydow Xiondslas Zawada Ziemientzitz

Place names

In 1936, extensive changes and Germanizations of place names took place in the Tost-Gleiwitz district:

Bitschin → Fichtenrode Blaschowitz → Burgfels Boguschütz → Gottschütz Boitschow → Lärchenhag Boniowitz → Wohlingen Brynnek → Brunneck Brzezinka → Birkenau OS Chechlau → Strahlheim Chorinskowitz → Schmiedingen Ciochowitz → Stillenort German Zernitz → Haselgrund Dombrowka → Steineich Giegowitz → Steinrück Groß Kottulin → Rodenau OS Groß Patschin → Hartlingen Hanussek → Stollenwasser Jaschkowitz → Hirtweiler Kamienietz → Dramastein Karchowitz → Gutenquell Kieleschka → Kellhausen Klein Kottulin → Rodlingen Klein Patschin → Ellerbrück Klein Pluschnitz → Reichenhöh Klein Wilkowitz → Wölfingen Koppinitz → Adelenhof Koslow → Lindenhain OS

Kottlischowitz → Keßlern Laskarzowka → Wieselheim Latscha → Föhrengrund Leboschowitz → small greens Lohnia → Hubenland Lona-Lany → Wieshuben Lubek → Borkental Lubie → Hohenlieben Nieborowitz → Neubersdorf Nieborowitzer Hammer → Neubersteich Niekarm → Dürrwalde Niewiesche → Grünwiese OS Ostroppa → Stroppendorf Pawlowitz → Paulshofen Pilchowitz → Bilchengrund Pissarzowitz → writer place Plawniowitz → Flößingen Pniow → Schrotkirch Pohlom → Ostwalde Ponischowitz → Muldenau OS Potempa → Desert Rod Preschlebie → Sand meadows Proboschowitz → Probstfelde Pschyschowka → Waldenau Rachowitz → Buchenlust Radun → three fir trees

Radun, village → onion Retzitz → Rettbach Rudnau → Braunbach Rudzinitz → Rudgershagen Sacharsowitz → Maiwald Schalscha → Kressengrund Sharkov → Sandpits Schechowitz → Böhmswalde Schierakowitz → Graumannsdorf Schieroth → Schönrode Schwientoschowitz → Einhof Schwinowitz → Ebersheide Sersno → Stauwerder Skaal → Webern OS Slupsko → Solmsdorf Smolnitz → Eichenkamp Urban Lonczek → Moorwies Tattischau → Vatershausen Tworog → Horneck Wischnitz → cherries Woiska → Hubertsgrund Wydow → Widdenau Xiondslas → Herzogshain Zawada → Bachweiler Ziemientzitz → Ackerfelde OS

Personalities

• Franz Graf Ballestrem , Majorate on Plawniowitz and Ruda, President of the Reichstag, center politician;
• Karl Godulla , industrialist, "zinc king"
• Georg von Giesche , businessman and industrialist

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 467-561 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 175–176, item 9.
• Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, P. 70 ff .
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 324–333 .
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Tost-Gleiwitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

+ Tost-Gleiwitz district (Rolf Jehke, 2011)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Tost-Gleiwitz administrative history and list of district administrators on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.
8. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
9. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 90 ( digitized version ).
10. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
12. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
13. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. gleiwitz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
15. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)